Peperomia - zagaye-fuska da cutuka masu yawa-gefe

Daga cikin darlings na kayan ado da al'adun gargajiya, duk masu noman furanni suna da tsirrai daya tak, wanda ya dace da yanayin rubutu, girma, da kuma halayyar - peperomia. Amma babban fa'idar wannan mu'ujiza ta kasance koyaushe kuma tana kasancewa dabam dabam. Rounded ko zuciya mai kamanni, mai matsakaici, amma ingantattun ganye suna da sha'awar ganin farko. Kuma tasirin rosette na curly ko budewa ko matashin kai yana haɓaka hasken launuka da kyawun bayanai. Peperomia da gaskiya sun bambanta sosai - wani lokacin mai sauƙi ne, sannan mai daraja, maƙasudi ko al'ada, wani lokacin gaba ɗaya dissimilar duka a cikin ganye da kuma siffar bushes. Amma waɗannan tsire-tsire masu kyakkyawan fata a kowane nau'i suna da irin wannan sakamako na farin ciki a cikin yanayin cewa ba zai yiwu ba kawai fada cikin ƙauna tare da kyakkyawa na greenery.

Peperomia a ciki. © floradania

Sarauniya da yawa sun fuskance shirye-shiryen daki

Peperomia ba mai haɗari bane shekaru da yawa da ake kira tsire-tsire waɗanda aka fi so cikin tsaran zamani. Yana da matukar wahala a sami tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ba da irin wannan zaɓi mai yawa na nau'ikan iri, iri da iri. Kuma a lokaci guda, dukkanin peperomies a duk duniya suna da sauƙin girma da kuma dacewa da su a cikin kowane mahalli. Wakilai na peperomia na HALITTU suna da sunayensu ba kawai ga kamancecenun ganyayyaki da barkono ba (wata itaciya ce a cikin tsararraki na gargajiya hakika ta sha bamban da abin da ba za ku iya kiranta ba). Saboda haka, peperomia nasa ne ga dangi Pepper, ko Pepper (Harshen Piperaceae) Yawancin peperomies suna da yawa sosai cewa kasancewar jinsin mutum zuwa ga ɗaya tallar ba koyaushe zai yiwu a gane shi da kallo.

Peperomia (Peperomia) asalin halittar ganye ne mai karshan ganye, a zahiri, kawai babban "wajibi" ne wanda ya kasance kauri mai kauri, mai danko. Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, ana iya rage su, gajeru, kafaɗa, masauki, ko ma creeping. Haka kuma, nau'in harbe-harbe kai tsaye yana yanke hukuncin amfani da tsirrai, da bayyanar su. Amma peperomies suna da daraja ba kwata-kwata ga yawancin nau'ikan haɓaka, amma don kayan kwalliya na ado, kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa ga kowane irin tsiran wannan. Ganyen suna zama akan ɗan gajeren wando, a maimakon su ko a cikin abubuwa masu sanyi, an shirya su da yawa sosai har kusan babu alamun da ke bayyane a ƙarƙashinsu. Fleshy, succulent, mai yawa, suna iya bambanta a cikin jinsuna daban ba wai kawai a girman (daga 1 zuwa 15 cm ba), amma kuma a cikin sikari (zagaye, zuciya-mai siffa), yanayin rubutu (daga m-kakin zuma mai santsi zuwa walwal, wrinkled, embossed) da , ba shakka, launi iri ɗaya, wanda ya fito daga duhu zuwa duhu zuwa shuɗi mai haske, launin ruwan kasa, zaitun, shunayya, azurfa, ba a ma maganar yawancin haɗuwa masu launi. Amma duk ba tare da togiya peperomii bar duka. Kuma tare da duk wannan peperomia, sun kuma iya fure, sakewa mai yawa spikelets na inflorescences daga mau kirim ko rawaya kore furanni ba tare da tsinkaye ba, wanda, duk da haka, da wuya a kira shi mai tsananin kyau (amma fure ba ya tasiri kyakkyawa ko yawa na kayan kore). Fure fure da 'ya'yan itace, yin' ya'yan itace bushe bushe wanda za'a iya rabu dashi da “cob” na haihuwa ta peperomia na iya zama a duk shekara.

Peperomia m (Peperomia blanda). © HiHort

Peperomia mai ban tsoro (Peperomia maculosa).

Peperomia mai wrinkled, ko wrinkled peperomia (Peperomia caperata).

Iri Peperomia

A cikin dabin daji na gida na ɗaruruwan nau'ikan peperomies, sama da nau'in goma ana yin amfani da su sosai. Mafi kyawun kayan peperomia na ado sun haɗa da:

Peperomia mai wrinkled, ko wrinkled peperomia (Peperomia caperata) - kwalliya mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki tare da kamannin ganye mai kama da zuciya, wata madaidaiciya gefen kuma bayyananniyar daskararren fata, wanda kawai ke ƙara jawo fara'a zuwa launi mai launi-shunayya. Ana tattara ganyen tsiro a cikin nau'in rosettes.
Peperomia yana da daɗi (Peperomia blanda) - Epiphyte tare da raunana kafaffen kafa harbe har zuwa 30 cm high, bambanta ta m gefen. Ganyayyaki a cikin ranyun suna oval, sun kai 3-4 cm kawai, tare da kyawawan velvety haske mai launi mai launi sama da shunayya a ƙasa (a waje, wannan peperomia yana kama da milkweed).
Peperomia mai nasara (Peperomia maculosa) wani nau'in gargajiya ne wanda ake gajarta wanda tsaran bushes yayi kama da rundunoni a tasirinsu. Ganyayyaki kore ne, mai sheki mai sheki, kyakkyawa gefen nunawa, har zuwa cm 15 a tsayi. Harbe-harbe masu kauri ne, har ya kai 1 cm a tsaye, madaidaiciya. Whitish veins suna ba da dukkan takaddun ladabi mai ban mamaki da bambanci sosai tare da tushe mai launi na farantin ganye.
Peperomia rotundifolia (Peperomia rotundifolia) - wani bude aiki, girma a cikin nau'i na lokacin farin ciki matashin kai tare da zagaye kananan ganye fentin a cikin mai haske mai haske kore sautin, godiya ga gefen da alama kusan ƙarfe sheen.
Kankana (Peperomia obtusifolia) - karamin makantar da shuka tare da mai sheki mai sheki tare da ganyen elliptik kimanin 5-7 cm tsayi tare da fata mai laushi mai cike da launi. Baya ga tsari na yau da kullun, "Alba" tare da ganye mai tsami da launin toka-launin "Albomarginata" suma sun shahara.
Peperomia marmara (Peperomia marmorata) - wata 'yar maraba, girma mai dumbin yawa tare da kyawawan ganyayyaki masu kwalliya tare da nuna alamar koli, a bango wani nau'in azurfar da ya lalace wanda yadudduka na lu'u lu'u 5.
Creeping peperomia (Macijin na Peperomia) - wani epiphyte tare da rataye ko kwance harbe, a kan abin da haske kore, fairly manyan ganye, sau da yawa yi wa ado da "tsage" lemun tsami iyakar, flaunt nuna maki (foliage da ɗan maimaita wani birch, amma tare da m, ba a serrated gefen).
Peperomia karammiski (Peperomia velutina) wani kallo ne da ke da jan duhu, kafaɗen kafaɗa da kusan zagaye duhu na Emerald ganye tare da jijiyoyin azurfa 5 a saman faranti, waɗanda kusan kamar shuɗi ne.
Peperomia Klusielistnaya (Peperomia clusiifolia) wani tsararren tsirrai mai tsinkaye tare da hawan jini, mai ikon dasa tushen a cikin nodes harbe da m, kusan sessile manyan ganye har zuwa 15 cm a tsawon tare da muted purplish-kore launi, m kan iyaka a gefen. A cikin peperomia, nau'in variegate ya fi shahara a al'adun daki, a cikin abin da launin toka, fari da rawaya masu launin suke a cikin ganyayyaki, kamar dai suna yadawa daga tsakiyar jijiya zuwa iyakar iyaka.
Barkono mai launin toka (Incperomia incana) - tsintsiya mai tsayi zuwa 50 cm babban flaunts tare da ganyayyaki masu zagaye na launi na zaitun, tare da kyakkyawan gefen kuma ɗayan jijiyar tsakiya.
Peperomia na Azurfa (Asalin ƙwayar cuta ta Peperomia) - daya daga cikin jinsunan motley masu ban sha'awa. Flauntss sun cika cikin rosettes, ganye masu zagaye akan dogayen itace tare da kyakkyawan saman da aka nuna, wanda ya kai 12 cm a diamita kuma ya tsaya ta hanyar furta launuka masu haske a bangon faranti masu launin shuɗi. Madadin launuka mai haske da farin haske suna ba wa shuka tsiro na musamman, kuma tsire-tsire da kanta ta bayyana mai rufi da zane na azurfa.
Ruwan barkono (Peperomia rubella) wani tsiro ne mai kyawu wanda aka dasa shi da kayan kara karfi na ja mai harbe wanda aka zana tare da karamin gefen m ganye tare da gefen gefen mai haske mai kyau da kuma m.

Peperomies sun zama sanannen mashahuri saboda yawancinsu. Wannan tsiran gidan, wanda kusan ba shi haifar da matsala har da kulawa mai kyau. Ba ta da lokacin hutawa, ganyayen suna da kyau duk shekara kuma suna buƙatar diyya ne kawai don ragewar yanayi a lokacin bazara, amma ba wani babban canjin yanayi a cikin hunturu ba. Peperomia ya dace daidai da yanayin girma daban-daban, ana iya saita su ba kawai akan windowsill ba, har ma a cikin ɗakunan, kusan ko'ina cikin ciki. An rasa tare da tsarin kulawa, idan ba ku keta ka'idodi na asali ba, peperomia yana haƙuri da kyau, an sauƙaƙe shuka kuma an sabunta shi, yana da ikon haɗuwa da kowane matsala. Abinda kawai baya son shi shine kazanta. Kuma idan an samar da peperomia tare da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, to, zai zama ɗayan kyawawan ɗakunan gida masu ƙyalƙyali da ba a sani ba. Amma wata baiwa da ke da peperomia ba ta da mahimmanci - damar iya sauƙi shiga cikin kowane ciki, don kawo ɗanɗana, kwanciyar hankali, haske mai ban mamaki da wadatar magana a ciki. Peperomia ya dace wa ɗakunan zama, da kuma wuraren kore ko kayan nuna fure.

Peperomia mai tsabta (Peperomia marmorata). © Jerzy Opiola

Peperomia rotundifolia (Peperomia rotundifolia).

Peperomia vulgaris (Peperomia obtusifolia).

Kula da Peperomia a gida

Haske

Zaɓin hasken da ya dace da peperomia yana da matukar wahala. Abinda yake shine shine bambancin jinsin da ba'a bayyana ba yana nufin ba kawai babban zaɓi na halaye daban-daban na kayan ado ba, har ma da bambance-bambance a cikin ɗabi'un halitta na haɓaka, waɗanda ake gado a cikin ɗakin dakin. Don zaɓar kyakkyawan yanayin don peperomia, da farko kuna buƙatar bayyana yayin sayen irin nau'in wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita. Tabbas, har ma da nau'ikan, baya ga ambaton nau'in halitta, suna da takamaiman "al'adunsu". Tabbas, don peperomies akwai ƙa'idodi na gaba don zaɓar yanayin haske:

peperomies masu launin ganye tare da m, ganye mai laushi suna da haƙuri mai haƙuri;
tsirrai, tsinkaye, da kuma nau'ikan furanni, da shuɗi, da peperomies masu tsabta-azurfa da ire-ire iri iri.

Ga dukkan peperomies na “marasa daidaituwa”, ya zama dole a samar da hasken da yadace tare da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Gabas ta yamma ko ta yamma taga sills - manufa. Ba za su iya yin haƙuri tare da inuwa ba. Peperomies na gargajiya mai tsayi suna jin girma a cikin inuwa m, musamman kyawawan ganye ana fito da su a cikin inuwa mai haske, kodayake suna iya yin haƙuri tare da ƙarin haske mara kyau (amma ba tare da inuwa mai zurfi ba). Peperomies suna jin daidai da kyau a fitilar wucin gadi da kuma hasken halitta.

Yankin da yafi wuya game da peperomia girma shine tabbatar da cewa yanayi ya kasance tsawan shekara. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da adadin haske na dabi'a ya ragu, kowane peperomia ya kamata a tura shi zuwa yanki mai haske ko ma zuwa wuri mai haske. Idan ba a aiwatar da gyaran hunturu ba, peperomia ba kawai za ta rasa launin halayyar ganyayyaki ba, amma kuma za a fara samar da ƙanana da ƙarau da keɓaɓɓuwa.

Barkono mai launin toka (Peperomia incana). © Jerzy Opiola

Peperomia clusiifolia (Peperomia clusiifolia). Ne Irene Lucas

Creeping peperomia (Peperomia macizai). © Jerzy Opiola

Zazzabi mai nutsuwa

Kwanciyar hankali shine babban jagora a zaɓar yanayin zafi wanda yake da dacewa ga peperomia. Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsinkaye waɗanda basa ƙaunar zafi ko sanyi. Wadannan kyakkyawa suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayin yanayin "ɗakin" tare da ƙimar matsakaitan kimanin kimanin digiri 18 Celsius. A lokacin rani, zazzabi na iya tashi zuwa digiri 22 zuwa 22, a cikin hunturu na iya sauka zuwa 16, amma yayin da yanayin ya fi tsawan yanayin, zai fi kyau. Lokacin da aka lura da yanayin yanayin peperomia, yana da matukar muhimmanci a hana yawan zubar da abin da ke cikin tukunyar, saboda shine ƙwarya da yawancin mutane ke fama da zazzabi. Bai kamata a sanya wannan shuka akan saman sanyi ba.

Duk da cewa peperomia suna da sababbi, kamar dai an kawo su ne daga gandun daji, waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa son tashin iska, zane-zane da kira na waje. Saboda ƙaunarsu ga yanayin tabbatacce, peperomies baya jure motsi kwatsam da tashin iska. Dole ne a kiyaye waɗannan tsire-tsire daga kowane canje-canjen muhalli ta kowace hanya. Abubuwan fashewa suna da haɗari musamman a cikin hunturu, kuma idan an girma peperomies akan sills taga.

Peperomia na bakin ciki (Peperomia velutina). Bus Nathan Bussard

Peperomia na azurfa (Peperomia argyreia).

Peperomia mai ja (Peperomia rubella). E David Eickhoff

Watering da zafi

Kula da danshi mai laushi na peperomia shine mafi wahala lokacin kula da tsirrai. Wadannan murkushewar, duk da haɓakar haɓakar su da kuma ɗimbinsu rashin daidaituwa, suna matukar tsoron yanayin canji a cikin shugabanci na matsanancin fari. Idan fari da na ɗan gajeren lokaci da rage yawan danshi na ƙasa da peperomia yana da haƙuri sosai, to ba za su yi haƙuri da fari da daɗewar ruwa ba, ko da a cikin kankanin yanayi. Don samun kyakkyawan dabarar ban ruwa, ya zama dole don tsananin sarrafa matakin bushewa na substrate, ƙyale shi ya bushe a cikin babba da na tsakiya (kusan gaba ɗaya) tsakanin hanyoyin. Ana gudanar da ruwa tare da hanawa, karamin adadin ruwa, ba tare da haifar da haɗarin acidification na ƙasa ba kuma yalwataccen rikice-rikice a cikin alamun danshi. Tsarin ban ruwa na hunturu na peperomia abu ne mai sauqi: kowace hanya mai zuwa ana aiwatar da ita ne bayan manda ya bushe a cikin tanki.

Ya kamata a kara kulawa da ingancin ruwa. Ana iya shayar da peperomia kawai da ruwa mai laushi wanda ke daidaitawa aƙalla kwanaki 3 kuma yana da isasshen zafi. A ƙarƙashin ingantaccen yanayi, yawan zafin jiki na ruwa ya zama ya zama digiri 2-3 sama da yawan zafin jiki na cikin ɗakin tare da peperomia. Ban ruwa na “Dumi” na iya hana hatsari ainun ga ire-iren wadannan tsire-tsire masu ɗorawar ƙwayar cuta.

Rashin ruwa, duk da cewa peperomies galibi ana girma a cikin shari'ar fure da katako, ba kwatankwacin mahimmancin wannan amfanin gona ba. Yanayin zafi mai kyau ga peperomia, wanda shuka ke tsiro cikin girma kuma yana samar da mafi kyawun ganye - kusan 50-60%. Amma ba sa jin tsoron ƙaramin iska, har da motsin peperomia. A cikin yanayin mahalli na yau da kullun, peperomies, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna jin daɗi sosai, a gare su babu buƙatar shigar da ko dai gida ko kuma sayan huhun. Spraying na peperomia kuma ba a za'ayi (kuma don tsirrai tare da ganyayyaki, an hana su sosai). Iyakar abin da ake keɓewa ita ce fesawa don nau'in halitta tare da m, ganye mai laushi a waɗancan ranakun lokacin da iska ta tashi sama da digiri 23 a Celsius. An haramtawa sosai don fesa dukkan tsire-tsire na wannan asalin yayin hunturu.

Duk manyan peperomies masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, banda matakan saiti, suna buƙatar shafa ganyen tare lokaci-lokaci don cire ƙura. A cikin nau'in kananan tsalle-tsalle (ban da nau'in gashi), a lokacin bazara zaka iya gudanar da kamannin rai.

Peperomia a ciki.

Abinci na Peperomy

Takin tsire-tsire na ire-iren waɗannan tsire-tsire da farko yakamata su kula da yanayin ingantaccen yanayi, da hana halayen ƙasa canza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. An gabatar da takin zamani don peperomia koda a lokacin hunturu, kawai rage yawan hanyoyin. Mafi kyawun dabarar ana ɗaukar su taki ne a cikin daidaitaccen sashi daga Maris zuwa Oktoba kowane sati 2, kuma daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu - kowane wata.

Don peperomia, takin ƙasa mai rikitarwa ya fi dacewa kawai ga tsire-tsire na ganye (gaurayawan tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen).

Dasawa, kwantena da abubuwa

Sauyin peperomia yana da matukar muhimmanci. Wannan inji tana tsoron rashin ruwa wanda kawai yake fitarwa, iska-da-cakuda cakuda ƙasa da tsarin haske sun dace dashi. Consideredarancin ƙasa ana ɗauka cewa yana dogara ne akan ƙasa mai ganye tare da rabin ƙarami na yashi, peat da humus, ko abubuwan haɗin da aka shirya don kayan ado da kayan amfanin gona da kayan maye.

Juyawa don duk wakilai na kwayar halittar peperomia ana aiwatar da ita ne “bisa buƙata”: kawai lokacin da tushen ya ɗauki tsokar ƙashin da ya gabata kuma ya fara bayyana a cikin ramin magudanar ruwa. Yana ɗaukar shekara-shekara a gare su ana aiwatar da su sosai, mafi yawan lokuta ana sake dasa tsire-tsire sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2.Tsarin kansa yana da daidaituwa: ana dasa itaciyar, tana ƙoƙarin cutar da tushen kaɗan kamar yadda zai yiwu da kuma sanya magudanar ruwa a gindin tank.

Abun iyawa na peperomia ya kamata ya zama al'ada, tare da tsayi mai tsini idan aka kwatanta shi da diamita. Tunda an sanya babban magudanar ruwa don shuka (har zuwa 1/3 na iya aiki), sararin samaniya zai haɗu da siffar rhizome. Waɗannan albarkatun gona ba sa son ƙasa mai da yawa. Ikon peperomia zai iya ƙaruwa da centan santimita.

Peperomia ana iya girma a cikin ruwa ta ruwa.

Peperomia a ciki.

Cututtuka da kwari na peperomia

Peperomia yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya kuma tare da akalla ƙarancin kulawar tsari ba shi da wahala sosai. Kawai cin zarafin jin dadi na substrate, dampness mai yawa yana haifar da yaduwar nau'ikan rot, wanda kawai za'a iya sarrafa shi tare da juyawa ta gaggawa. Daga cikin sababbin nau'in peperomia, cutar takamaiman itace ta yadu - ƙwayar peperomy, wacce ke haifar da dwarfism na tsirrai kuma ba ta da magani (yana da kyau a lalata samfuran da aka shafa nan da nan). Daga cikin kwari, mealybugs suna ba da matsala mafi wahala, waɗanda suke da sauƙin magance ba tare da sunadarai ba ta hanyar wanke su kawai.

Matsaloli gama gari a cikin peperomia girma

asarar kyawawan ganye, bayyanar haske ko aibi launin ruwan kasa, haɓaka tare da laushi;
ganye wilting tare da wuce kima ruwa;
yellowing na ganye da kuma bayyanar m m tare da wuce kima aikace-aikace na hadi;
faduwa da ciyayi tare da fari mai tsawo;
bushewa na ƙarshen ganye ko faɗuwar ganye lokacin hurawa mai kaifi a cikin zazzabi da cikin kwarkwata;
withering da bushewar ganye a hasken rana kai tsaye.

Sake bugun peperomia

Wannan shi ne mai sauqi qwarai na gida shuka don haihuwa, wanda, kamar duk herbaceous perennials, saƙar ƙasa, sauƙi ba ka damar raba girma bushes da karɓar, a kusan kowane dashi, da yawa ƙaramin shuke-shuke da za su iya kai tushen da kuma fara girma.

Baya ga rabuwa, an kuma yada peperomia:

tushen ganyayyaki da ganyayyaki mai tushe (yanka a cikin bazara da bazara, tushe a ƙarƙashin hula a cikin abin da ba tare da magani na farko ba tare da haɓaka haɓaka, amma riƙe zafin jiki ba ƙasa da digiri 25 Celsius ba);
shuka iri (germination yana buƙatar yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, haske mai haske, yanayin kwanciyar hankali da ruwa kai tsaye bayan sakin farkon farkon ko na biyu).