'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na ciyawa da tsire-tsire na berry suna da fasali mai kyau Zasu iya yin ba tare da haduwa tsawon shekaru ba. Ya ishe su isasshen takin (NPK) takin zamani a lokacin shuka kuma a shekaru masu zuwa na fara ruwan bazara da na kaka. Ga masu lambu, an ɗan ɗanɗana lokaci domin 'yar gonar da girbi na kayan amfanin gona da na tumatir.
Apples a kan ƙaramin itacen apple.
Abin da takin mai magani ana amfani da shi don kayan miya a saman rani?
Seedlingsawan yarinyar da suka sami isasshen adadin taki a lokacin shuka a cikin shekaru 2-3 masu zuwa ba sa buƙatar ciyarwar bazara. Idan ƙasa ta cika lalacewa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki, daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, matasa na bishiyoyi har zuwa shekaru 3-5 ana hadi da takin ƙasa a tsakiyar bazara. Phosphorus a wannan lokacin yana ƙarfafa ci gaba da haɓaka matasa.
Buttocks kan bada 'ya'ya tsawon shekaru 2-3. Don samun manyan berries, suna buƙata, sabanin bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, ƙananan rarar taki tare da ƙarin aikace-aikacen da aka saba, farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.
Da farkon fruiting, ana buƙatar dukkanin takin da keɓaɓɓen phosphate da potash don dukkan amfanin gona na lambu (Berry, 'ya'yan itace da dutse da ƙuna). Mafi mashahuri shine superphosphate, kuma na potash wadanda, potassium sulfate, wanda babu sodium da chlorine, mara kyau yana tasiri ci gaban 'ya'yan itatuwa da ɗanɗanorsa gabaɗaya.
Don rage lokacin shirye-shiryen cakuda takin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takaddun takaddun da ke ɗauke da, ban da manyan, abubuwanda aka gano (nitrofoska, nitroammofoska, Kemira, crystallin da sauransu). Tsarin takin gargajiya shine mafi kyawun kayan miya (slurry, droppings kaji, humus, takin).
Cikakken takin don lambun.
Hanyar ciyarwa
A cikin bishiyoyin adulta adultan itace, ana yin saurin tsarin tushen diamita na kambi, wani lokacin ma ya wuce girman sa. Tushen tsotsa, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna gefen gefen kambi kuma suna kwance a cikin babba 15-20 cm. Domin sama tushen da sauri, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don amfani:
- a cikin ramuka ko kuma ya fadi na sukar a kusa da bishiya,
- cikin tsagi kusa da kambi kewaye,
- watsa karkashin ruwa,
- takin mai magani na ruwa don hadewa cikin kasar gona ko ciyawa.
Idan itacen yana matashi, yana da kyau a haƙa ramuka a cikin rami tare da shebur 7-12 cm, ciyar, rufe ramuka kuma shayar da itaciyar.
Ga tsofaffi, musamman lambunan tataccen, kusa da da'irar kambi, rijiyoyin 2-3 a kowace matattakalar laka sun bushe da nisa tsakanin layuka na rijiyoyin 0.4-0.7 m kuma an ɗora saman-kayan miya da aka zuba. Ana shayar da shi, yana yiwuwa ta hanyar yayyafa. Idan ƙasa ba tinned, ciyawa.
Madadin ramuka da rijiyoyin, yana yiwuwa a tono ko yanke a kusa da kambi 10-14 cm da 15-18 cm karkashin rami 15-18 cm tsagi (1-2) a cikin siffar kwalliya da takin mai magani za'a iya ƙara, a baya narkar da. Bayan shayar da maganin gina jiki, an rufe furrow da ƙasa, ana shayar, mulched.
Mafi sau da yawa, lambu suna amfani da hanyar watsawa. A ko'ina yada gwargwadon takin da aka zaɓa a ƙarƙashin kambi, sanya shi a ƙarƙashin karamin matsin lamba daga tiyo ko ta hanyar yayyafa, ciyawa.
Tsarin takin gargajiya yana ƙunshe da kyakkyawan tsarin microelements, musamman ma don tsire-tsire yayin fure, saitin 'ya'yan itace. Humus da takin suna warwatse ƙarƙashin ƙoshin ƙawance wanda ke biyo bayan ruwa da ciyawa, kuma taki da digawar tsuntsu suna cikin hanyar samar da abinci mai gina jiki.
Don shirya mafita, rabin ƙarfin yana cike da takin kuma an zuba shi da ruwa. Dama kuma nace makonni 2-4. Don rage warin da ba ya da kyau a lokacin fermentation na kwayoyin, ƙara maganin Baikal EM-1 ko Ekomik Yield. Don ganga lita 100, 0.5 l na aiki yana isa. Lokacin ciyarwa, ana tarar da lita na gurɓataccen gurɓataccen taki a cikin lita 6-8, kuma tsintsayen tsuntsaye a cikin lita 8 na ruwa. Ana amfani da riguna na gargajiya a cikin guga na huhun gashi m.
Takin taki na bishiyoyi cikin manyan sanduna.
Allurar takin zamani a karkashin bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace a lokacin rani
Lokacin shiga fruiting a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace bayan fure, suna shigo da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai, zai fi dacewa nitrophosphate (50-60 g / sq M) ko superphosphate da potassium sulfate, bi da bi 30-40 da 20-25 g / sq. m kuma ƙara zuwa cakuda 5-10 g na urea. Zai fi kyau ciyar da bishiyoyi tare da takin gargajiya na ruwa, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
A wannan lokacin, kayan amfanin gona suna buƙatar abubuwan da ke gano abubuwan da ke haɓaka darajar kasuwancin 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga tara abubuwan abubuwa a cikin kyallen shuka. Gano abubuwan, 5-6 kwanaki bayan ƙasa saman miya, ba da gudummawa a cikin foliar spraying. An shirya cakuda tanki daga 10-20 g na boric acid, 5-8 g na potassium permanganate, 2-5 g na sulfate na tagulla, 4-5 g na zinc sulfate da 10 l na ruwa. Yawan amfani da cakuda a kowace itaciya ya dogara da shekaru da ci gaban kambi kuma yana iya kasancewa daga buhu 1 zuwa 3 a kowace bishiya.
Idan adadin aiki a gonar yana da girma, zaku iya siyan microelement mai shirin amfani da shi kuma yayyafa shi da bishiyoyi. Hanyar da aka fi yarda da ita game da miya foliar shine amfani da katako na itace: kofuna waɗanda 2-3, nace ruwa 5 na ruwa a cikin kwanaki 2-3, tace, tsarma zuwa lita 10-12 kuma yayyafa bishiyoyi ko ya kawo ƙarƙashin tushe ta hanyar tsagi ko ramuka.
Bayan fure - a farkon haɓakar 'ya'yan itacen zuriya, zaku iya yayyafa bishiyoyi tare da maganin maganin sulfate, narke 1 g a cikin 10 l na ruwa (0.1% bayani). Fesa zai haɓaka ingancin kasuwanci na 'ya'yan itacen.
A farkon 'ya'yan itace ripening (Yuli-Agusta), za ku iya sake ciyar da bishiyoyi tare da superphosphate na biyu tare da potassium sulfate da ash. Cakuda takin mai magani yana yin 30 da 20 g da gilashin ash a kowace murabba'in. m square.
A lokacin bazara, zaku iya ciyar da guda ko ba ku ciyar da bishiyoyi ba idan an ciyar da abinci a cikin bazara. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa gonar ba ta buƙatar yin takin. Kuna iya shuka gefen gefuna tsakanin layuka, ta amfani da su azaman kore ko tin gonar da ganyayyaki sannan kuma amfani da miya kawai ta ban bayan fure ko kuma a farkon farawar 'ya'yan itace.
Kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, yakamata a ci gaba da tufka ƙasa, wato, ba tare da shuka kayan lambu ko ciyawar kore ba.
Farin farin.
Topping sama da Berry a lokacin rani
A cikin dazuzzuka, tsarin tushe ba na ƙasa ba ne. Mafi yawan tushen tsotsa suna cikin yankin 10-20 cm. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya a karkashin bishiyoyi ta hanyar tono daji tare da kewaye tare da tsagi mara laushi (furrow) ko fiye da haka a warwatse tare da irin seeding, watering, mulching.
Yana yiwuwa a sassauta kasar gona kadan kafin yin sutturar ruwa ta ruwa don mafi kyawun ƙwayar abinci mai gina jiki, sannan bayan ɗauka don rufewa ta kwance. Tabbatar da ruwa domin tsarma maganin na gina jiki sake, domin kauce wa tushen ƙona, ciyawa. Don ciyarwa ana amfani da 1-2 l / sq. m square.
Yawanci, a lokacin bazara, ana ciyar da glaciers (banda raspberries) lokaci 1 lokacin da berries ke girma tare da takaddun ma'adinai ma'adinai - nitrophos, nitroammophos, kemira ko wasu sababbin siffofin 30-40 g a kowace murabba'in mita. m yanki ko 20-30 g a kowace mita mai layi a cikin furrow.
Dogaron Foliar tare da microelements yana da kyau. A cikin shagon suna siyann kayanda aka shirya ko kuma a girka abubuwan hada abubuwa na kere kere da na macro da kan su. Za a iya haɗa manyan riguna a cikin cakuda tanki tare da kwayoyi daga cututtuka da kwari, duba kayan don dacewa. Zai fi dacewa don nace gilashin 1-2 na ash, tacewa, tsarma zuwa lita 10 da fesa dajin.
A ƙarƙashin raspberries, gooseberries, currants, yi guga na slurry a cikin furrows 8-10 cm mai zurfi, wanda aka diluted da ruwa 1: 3-4, da busassun kaza 1: 10-12. Madadin takin gargajiya, ana iya tarwatsa tukwane a ƙarƙashin kwance, sai a shayar da ciyawa. Don shirya cakuda, ana amfani da 15-20 g na ammoniya da potassium 50-60 nitrate. A kan kasa tsafe, da maida hankali ne cakuda ta 1 sq Km. m yankin yana ƙaruwa da kashi 10-15%.
Ana iya ciyar da Raspberries tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium bayan girbin 1-2. Ragowar 'ya'yan itace suna sake ciyar da su bayan cikakken girbi (na raspberries na 3rd ciyar), wanda ya zama dole don shirya shuka don hunturu da kuma girbe girbi na gaba.
Idan, bisa ga alamun alamun waje, tsire-tsire ba su da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki, to, kayan miya na sama (ban da na bazara) ana aiwatar da su tare da maganin microelements. Ana shirya cakuda yawanci daga boron, manganese da molybdenum, zinc da magnesium. Mayar da hankali da mafita ba ya wuce 1.0-1.5%.
Labarin ya ba da nau'ikan da suka saba da ka'idojin takin mai magani, gaurayawar takin zamani (galibi don farawa lambu). Kowane mai lambu zai iya ba da labarinsa kuma ya ba da nasa hanyoyi da kuma lokacin 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyi.
