M Properties, kyau iyawa, high yawan aiki da farkon balaguza yin wannan Berry shrub gasa. Amma don samun daji lafiya kuma samun kyawawan albarkatu daga gare ta, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake shuka gooseberries yadda yakamata.
Ka'idodin ka'idodin namo
Wannan kyakkyawan itaciya na iya fara bada 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki na ƙaramin ƙwayoyi a cikin ƙasa. Kuma har zuwa shekaru 20, da ciyawar ta rike damar da za ta faranta wa masu shi da girbin da yawa. A lokaci guda, gooseberries ba fata bane. Kuma duk da haka, kulawa mara kyau, rashin lafiya, da kwari na iya zama babbar matsala.
Akwai wasu sharudda da suka wajaba ga kowane mai lambu:
- Da farko dai, ya wajaba don sanin iri-iri na guzberi. Rayuwa daga daji, 'ya'yan itace, da juriya ga cuta sun dogara da wannan.
- Yana da mahimmanci a zabi wurin dasa.
- Zabi ainihin lokacin dasa shuki.
Kula da guzberi ya haɗa da:
- pruning
- weeding da mulching kasar gona;
- lokacin shayarwa;
- taki guzberi;
- sanyi kariya;
- shiri mai kyau don sanyi hunturu.
Asiri na girma gooseberries a kasar
Gooseberries suna da gaskiya da aka fi so a cikin dukkan lambu. Kula da shi baya buƙatar ƙoƙari da yawa, kuma yana wadatar da yawa. Saboda haka, girma gooseberries a cikin ƙasa al'ada ce.
Wurin da za'a dasa gooseberries.
Kafin dasa shuki na guzberi daji, dole ne a hankali zaɓi wurin da ya dace don ita. Wannan zai dogara da ingancin ƙasa. Shuka ba ta da tushe sosai kuma ta ba da amfani, kuma tana da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka a cikin ƙasa, wanda yake da danshi sosai. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a guji ɓoyayyukkan ƙasa da ƙananan wuraren da ruwa ya tara, yanki mai inuwa ko yanki mai ƙasa mai nauyi.- Shiri na maulidi don dasa shuki gooseberries.
Don samun nasarar girma gooseberries a kan mãkirci na mutum, idan ya cancanta, kuna buƙatar inganta ingancin ƙasa ta ƙara humus, taki ko takin a ciki. Akwai isasshen yashi da aka haɓaka zuwa yumɓun yumbu a cikin adadin 1: 2.
An cire weeds a wurin da aka zaɓa, kuma rami na 40 by 40 centimita rami kuma an haƙa rabin rabin zurfin ƙasa. Ana amfani da takin mai magani: har zuwa kilogram na takin tare da itacen ash (100g) ko guga na ƙwayoyin halittar da ke lalacewa. Komai yana gauraya sosai tare da ƙasa, kuma ana zuba shi da ruwa, lita 3-5. 
Saukowa
A cikin rami mai ruwa (zuba kimanin lita 5 a tsaye kafin dasa shuki), an saka seedling na 5-6 cm a hankali a cikin gangara na 45 °. Tushenta, tare da danshi, suna zurfafa zuwa cikin ƙasa, suna manne da shi. Wannan "rigar" saukowa yana tabbatar da cewa babu voids a tushen, kuma gooseberries zai ɗauki tushe da sauri. Rufe rami tare da ƙasa, barin maɓuɓɓugar kusa da gangar jikin.
Idan kuna shirin dasa bishiyoyi da yawa na guzberi, to, nisa tsakanin su kada ta kasance ƙarancin mita 1.5.- Guzberi dasa lokacin.
Yadda za a yi girma gooseberries? Abu na farko da wannan shine zaɓi lokacin sauka. Autumn ne mafi kyau lokaci. Misali, a tsakiyar watan Oktoba, kuma a yankuna na arewacin yana halatta a shuka goseberries koda a karshen Satumba. Wannan yana bawa daji lokaci kafin yayi tushe kafin lokacin sanyi, sannan lokacin acclimatization ya fadi akan lokacin hunturu. Kuma a cikin bazara da shuka ya shirya don fara girma.
Wurin da za'a dasa gooseberries.
SaukowaAbun bazara na shuka ya halatta. Kuma mafi kyawun lokacin don wannan shi ne lokacin da ƙasa ta fara narkewa, amma buds ba su kumbura ba tukuna.
Guzberi daji kulawa
Wannan jerin hanyoyin ne:
- Yana dubawa da tono ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin shuka.
- Takaitaccen lokacin takin da kuma ciyawar gooseberries.
- Trimming daji.
- Yi yaƙi da cututtuka da kwari.
- Ana shirin tsirrai tsirrai.
Juyin
Kasan kewaye da kewaye da kambi dole ne a kai a kai sako. Idan ƙasar da aka dasa guzberi yana da 'nauyi', to, zai fi kyau a haƙƙa ta, tunda tushen tsire suke a farfajiya.
Mulching tare da humus ko peat daidai ya maye gurbin waɗannan matakan. A matsayin ciyawa, zaka iya amfani da yankakken rassan bakin ciki da bushe ciyawa.
Watering da takin gooseberries
Matasa seedlings bukatar na yau da kullum da kuma yalwatacce watering. A nan gaba, lokacin girma gooseberries, yana da daraja a shayar kamar yadda ya cancanta, ya danganta da kasar gona da yanayin yanayi.
An ba da shawarar a ciyar da shuka aƙalla sau 2 a shekara: bayan fure, da kuma bayan girbi. A saboda wannan, daji daya zai buƙaci 80 g na superphosphate, 20 g na potassium chloride (ko ash kofin ash), 40 g na saltpeter da kilo 10. rotted taki. Kuna iya amfani da urea a cikin bazara, 30 g a 1m2.
Guzberi pruning
Tsabtace tsabtace. Wannan ne cire duk bushe, mara lafiya ko thickening rassan daji. Ana yin sa a duk shekara.
Forming pruning. Ya kamata a aiwatar da shi ko dai a farkon bazara ko a ƙarshen kaka. Dalilin wannan danyen itace don barin rassan 4-5 waɗanda aka fi ci gaba akan daji. Kusan duk matasa sun yanke harbe, tsoffin harbe suna gajarta. Wadancan rassan da aka share fiye da shekaru 6.
Cututtuka Guzberi da Karin kwari
Godiya ga ci gaban da ake samu a shayarwa, nau'in kayan 'ya'yan itace na zamani sun fi tsayayya wa cuta. Amma a karkashin wasu yanayi, su ma suna iya kamuwa da cututtukan da yawa, kuma mildew powdery shine haɗari na farko ga bushes.
Abin da m illa ne mai hadarin gaske ga shuka:
- Rashin kulawa;
- Tsawon lokacin zafi;
- Yanayin sanyi.
Yadda za a kula da lafiyarsa?
Kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa ko weeding na yau da kullun zasu taimaka matsanancin danshi ya tafi. Idan kun san game da sanyi mai gabatowa, zaku iya pre-ruwa daji ko rufe shi tare da kayan abu na musamman (dole ne a cire fim ɗin a lokacin).
Abokin farkon guzberi shine mildew mai ƙarfi, amma rot, spotting da anthracnose suna barazanar shuka. Yawan spraying na tsire-tsire ya kamata a aiwatar bayan faduwar ganye a cikin fall, ko a cikin bazara har sai an buɗe buds tare da baƙin ƙarfe sulfate (3 g da lita 1 na ruwa). Wannan shine matakan kariya da magani a farkon gano alamun cutar.
Daga aphids da sauran kwari, jiko na ash yana da tasiri (1 kg. Don 3 lita na ruwa). A farkon bazara da bayan fure, ana kula da daji a matsayin matakan kariya.
Cututtukan suna shafar yawan amfanin gonar, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a kula da yanayin daji, da kuma amsa dukkan bukatun ta cikin lokaci.
Guzberi kariya daga sanyi
Gooseberries ne unpretentious, kuma a karkashin auku dusar ƙanƙara Tushen zai ji da kariya sosai. Amma lambu bayar da shawarar kar su manta da aiwatar da daji tare da kayan aikin da zasu taimaka wa shuka ba ta rashin lafiya kuma ta ba da kyakkyawan amfanin gona.
- Abu na farko da yakamata ayi bayan girbi da ganyayyaki shine tattara dukkanin datti na shuka daga karkashin daji. Don haka akwai ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka yi amfani da shi tare da 1% Bordeaux ruwa, a hankali spraying shi.
- Mataki na gaba shine tono ƙasa kusa da gangar jikin don hana kwari kwari.
- Yanzu kuna buƙatar takin shuka.
Namoran guzberi a cikin yanayi daban-daban
Lokacin zabar iri-iri guzberi, dole ne mutum yayi la’akari da yanayin yanayin yanayin da zai girma. Kuma daidai da haka, kula da shuka, gwargwadon yanayin zafin iska, yanayi da adadin haɓakawa na shekara-shekara, da sauran yanayin yanayin wani yanki.
Misali, musamman namo gooseberries a Siberiya ya hada da ƙarin matakan shirya don hunturu.
Kurmin, ban da an rufe shi da kasa ko sawki a gindin, samar da wata tuddai, shima ana rufe shi da agrospan. Wannan idan tsananin sanyi ya zo kafin dusar ƙanƙara.
A yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta rigaya ta faɗi, zaku iya lanƙwasa daji na guzberi a ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, gyara shi da allon, kuma cika shi da dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan yanayin, gooseberries sun yi farin ciki sosai musamman a yankuna masu sanyi na ƙasar.
Wasu nau'in guzberi na iya yin koda ba tare da ƙarin tsari ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Houghton, Red Big, da sauransu.
Domin babban rabo namo gooseberries a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, kuna buƙatar kula da kusancin zaɓi na nau'ikan da suka dace. Waɗanne buƙatun suke gare su:
- Tsayayya ga mildew powdery;
- Yawan nau'in tsiro na farko da na matsakaici sun fi dacewa;
- Wadanda an riga an ba da shawarar sosai kamar yadda suka dace da tsarin namowa a tsakiyar Rasha. Don haka, alal misali, "Abin dogaro", "Malachite", "Spring", "Plum" da sauran su.
Siffofin girma gooseberries daga tsaba
Ga yawancin lambu, ba wuya a yi girma gooseberries daga seedlings. Amma akwai wasu hanyoyi, alal misali, ta hanyar tsaba ko keɓewa.
Ga wasu asirin don girma gooseberries daga tsaba:
- Yana da Dole a tattara tsaba daga cikakkun berries kuma ku wanke su daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, bushe.
- Kada ku ajiye tsaba, kuma bayan sun bushe, shuka a kai tsaye.
- A kasan tukwane na magudanan ruwa ba lallai ne an dage farawa.
- Soilasa ta ƙunshi daidai gwargwado cakuda m da aka dasa daga gonar, cakuda humus da yashi.
- Shuka zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm, kowane 5 cm.
- Zuba da murfi tare da tsare, kuma sanya tukwane a cikin ɗaki mai zazzabi na 3-5 ° C.
- Karku bar ƙasa ta bushe.
A tsakiyar bazara, an kwashe tukwane zuwa gonar kuma an binne su. Seedlingsauren da suka girma sun yi nutsuwa lokacin da ƙananan ganye 2 na gaske suka bayyana a kansu. Whereasar da suke sawa ya kamata ta kasance da takin ƙasa: a kowace muraba'in mita 10 kg. fermented taki, da kuma adadin humus. A nan gaba, ya kamata a sako kasar gona a kai a kai, a shayar da ita ta hanyar matashi guzberi matasa.
