Wanne lambu ba su saba da wannan sabon abu: idan kun shuka amfanin gona iri ɗaya, alal misali, dankalin turawa, tsawon shekaru a jere, musamman ba tare da takin ƙasa ba, to yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa tsawon shekaru. Amma ba wai kawai cewa. Tsarin ƙasa ya lalace sannu a hankali kuma rage haihuwarsa ya ragu. Hakanan Monoculture shima yana haɓaka haifuwar kwari da yaduwar cututtuka.
Abubuwan da ke cutarwa na monoculture na iya ragewa lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar girma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ake kira takin gargajiya.
St Kisa
Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara da tsire-tsire masu tsufa suna girma kamar yadda keɓaɓɓu.. Massan ƙaramin furotin na wake wanda aka shuka a cikin ƙasa yana wadatar da sutturar arable tare da kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen. An sani cewa a cikin takin sa kusanci yake da gabatarwar sabo taki. Harshen ciyawa da kwararan rootwararru suna wadatar da ƙasa da kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen.
Babban abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin kayan girke-girke na kayan gargajiya an bayyana shi ta hanyar yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrogen akan asalinsu, wanda ke haifar da kumburi - nodules. Ta hanyar inganta sinadaran yanayi na yanayi, kwayoyin cuta suna canza shi zuwa wata kasa mai isa zuwa tsirrai. Legends ana kiranta tsire-tsire na furotin, saboda suna ba da abincin furotin mai mahimmanci ga dabbobin gona..
Sau ɗaya a cikin ƙasa kuma sannu a hankali discoposing, abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikin ɗumbin kayan lambu na siderates sun zama jihar da za'a iya amfani da ita ga albarkatun gona masu zuwa, kuma kwayoyin halitta suna taimakawa wajen dawo da tsarin ƙasa.
Kamar yadda siderates, zaka iya amfani da legumes ba kawai, har ma, alal misali, tsire-tsire na zuma - phacelia, buckwheat, sunflower. Ingancin tsire-tsire na zuma kamar yadda yake gefe, duk da haka, yana da ƙananan ƙananan, amma sun, ban da tara kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, suma suna zama tushen abinci na ƙudan zuma.
© Dezidor
Ya danganta da matsayin ƙarancin ƙasa, kore ciyawar zai iya mamaye wurin duk lokacin bazara ko kowane zamani.
Idan gonar ta kasance ta kasance a cikin dogon lokaci na monoculture, to, zai fi kyau ku 'yantar da shi daga tsire-tsire na tsawon shekara, kuma a shuka lambun shekara a kaka ko farkon bazara. A wajen kudu, a damina, bawo wintering (abincin dare) da kuma vetch hunturu, kuma a farkon bazara, peas bazara, vetch spring, da daraja. A farkon lokacin bazara, peasun bazara, kayan bazara, ciyawar fure, lupins, da seradella ana shuka su a tsakiyar tsakiyar. Da zaran wake suka fara bayyana, ana fitar da ciyawar a cikin abin birgima kuma ana yin huɗa ta cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin aƙalla aƙalla cm 12-15. Bayan wannan, an sa gidan yanar gizon kuma an kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin tsabtace ƙazanta da sako-sako. A cikin yanayi mai laima, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun yanke hanzari, don haka ya kamata a sanyaya ƙasa a cikin fari.
A duk wuraren, ana iya dasa peas na kayan lambu kamar ciyawa a cikin bazara. Bayan mun girbe wake a cikin canning ripeness, sai aka fitar da ganye-suturar ganye.
Siderata kuma ana girma a cikin tsaka-tsakin albarkatu, yana sanya su tsakanin amfanin gona biyu na kayan lambu. A cikin kaka, bayan girbi kayan lambu, Peas hunturu ko vetch hunturu ana shuka su. A lokacin bazara bayan an gama ciyawar, sai taro ya yi birgima ya yi kamshi, kuma yankin ya kasance ya girbe kuma ya mamaye kayan amfanin gonar da wuri na farko. Matsakaici na gefe za'a iya girma a cikin amfanin gona na biyu bayan an girbe kayan lambu na farko, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da ƙasar sosai.
A cikin filayen lambun, ana shuka ciyawar kore a ci gaba, hanyar talakawa ta kewayawa 15 cm jere da kuma yawan shuka da akayi a cikin yankin.
© Sten Kwallan
A cikin gonar, ban da maido da tsarin da kuma ƙara yawan ƙasa, takin kore yana hana ciyayi da kuma kare ƙasa daga iska da lalata ƙasa, amma wannan yana buƙatar yanayi don ingantaccen danshi ko ban ruwa. Rashin danshi yana cutar da yanayin girma da haɓaka bishiyoyi, yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
A cikin wani lambun matasa, ana shuka amfanin gona na wake na shekara-shekara - Peas, kayan bazara, ƙwanƙwarar bazara, rani, lupine, wake, seradella, mirgina da kuma ƙona ciyawar kore a lokacin samuwar wake. A cikin tsohuwar - ganye na perennial: shuka alfalfa, ja Clover, sainfoin, Clover. Ana kiyaye abincin a cikin gonar a jere na shekaru 3-5, Clover na shekaru 2-3, sainfoin da Clover na shekaru 2. An yanka ciyawa na ciyawa a farkon ciyawar kuma an fitar da ita nan take.
Siderata a gonar an shuka shi a cikin ratsi a cikin layuka tsakanin layuka a cikin hanyar ci gaba mai layi (tare da jera jeri na 15 cm), ana karɓar ƙwayar seeding a cikin yankin. An bar shinge na akwati kyauta, sako da kwance su. Jere jerawa ba a za'ayi. Bude ciyawa a cikin bazara a shekarar da ta gabata ta tabbatarwa.
Bayan an dasa shukar kore kore a gonar, an bar kasar gona a karkashin tururi baki na tsawon shekaru 2-3 ko kuma a yi amfani da kayan lambu, sannan a sake maimaita taki da kore.
Legumes na bukatar akan yanayin danshi. Saboda haka, dole ne a girma tare da kyawawan danshi na halitta ko ban ruwa. Shin ina bukatan takin ma'adinai ne don kayan lefe? Haka ne. Inganta haɓaka da haɓaka kayan lambun, suna ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na kore. A karkashin gona yana yin cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai - 0.6 kilogiram na nitrogen da potassium da 0.9 kilogiram na phosphorus a kowace 100 m2.
Z H. Zell
Shuka ci gaba da talakawa tare da hanyoyin of cm cm 15. A cikin ƙananan yankuna, an shuka tsaba kawai. An shuka tsaba na shekara-shekara na ciyawa a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 5-6 cm, perenni - by 3-4 cm .. Yin mirgina bayan shuka ya zama tilas, musamman idan aka shuka ciyawar ciyawa.
Siderata yawanci baya buƙatar kulawa, amma lokacin da aka ba da ruwa sai suyi kyau sosai.
Sanarwa daga
- V. Zubenko, Likita na Kimiyyar aikin gona
