Gentians (Gentiana) - tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke shafar launi da manyan furanni. Wasu sun tattara dukkan paletin shuɗi - mai haske, shuɗi mai haske, mai canza launin shuɗi, zuwa shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Kuma akwai nau'ikan launuka masu ruwan hoda, fari, furanni masu launin shuɗi. Fiye da nau'in 90 na gentians ana amfani dasu a al'ada. Suna ƙawata tuddai da dutsen, an dasa su a iyakoki kuma tare da ci gaba da magana.
Harshen Yahudanci (Gentiana)Mafi sau da yawa, yan koyo suna haɓaka nau'in Turai - mai tsayi gentians (Gentiana alpina), stemless (Gentiana acaulis), bazara (Gentiana verna), gore (Gentiana asclepiadae), kashi-kashi bakwai (Gentiana septemfida), da dai sauransu Suna da tsayayye a cikin namo, mai sauƙi ga namo. Jumini mai launin shuɗi (Gentiana lutea) ya fice don girmansa (tsire-tsire ne mai girma har zuwa tsayi 1.5 m) da darajar magani.
Asiya ita ce wurin haifuwa na yawancin jinsuna. Mun bayar da damar sanin wani nau'in jinsunan gargaji na kasar Sin daga China. Yawancinsu suna tsintsaye, fure a lokacin rani da damina (lokacin da aka nuna lokacin furanni a yanayin yanayi).
Harshen Yahudanci (Gentiana)- Harshen Alkairi ne mai girma (Gentiana ampla) -3-7 cm tsayi tare da kunkuntar awl-mai siffa. Furanni suna da aure, babba, mai kifi mai launi, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, farar fata a gindi tare da kunkuntar duhu mai duhu. Ana samo shi a cikin ciyara mai tsayi a tsaunin 3200-4500 m sama da matakin teku. Yana fure daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.
- Baƙon Aljani (Gentiana praticola) - 5-11 cm tsayi tare da m duhu kore ko purple ganye. An tattara furanni da yawa a saman guda na harba kuma a cikin axils na ganye, mai kararrawa, mai ruwan hoda tare da ratsin ja mai duhu a gindi. Yana girma a cikin filayen tsaunuka a tsaunin 1200-3200 m sama da matakin teku. Yana fure a watan Satumba da Oktoba.
- Gentian da aka yi wa ado da Sinanci (Gentiana sino-ornata) - 10-15 cm tsayi tare da kunkuntar awl-mai siffa ne tartsatsi a cikin floriculture. Furannin furanni masu haske ne masu launin shuɗi tare da farin fari ratsi, guda, babba. Ana samunsa a cikin filayen tsaunuka a tsawan kilogram 2400 - 4800. Yana yi fure a watan Mayu da Agusta.
- Arethusa na Jumma'a (Gentiana arethusae var. delicatula) - 10-15 cm tsayi tare da kunkuntar ganye mai siffa-dimbin yawa yana rufe kara. Furanni suna da yawa, mai siffar murfin kumburi, rawaya mai laushi tare da kunkuntar ratsi mai duhu a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren. A yanayi, an rarraba shi a kan tsaunin tuddai, makiyaya, cikin kwari mai kwari, cikin gandun daji da gandun daji na tsawanka 2700 zuwa 4800 m sama da matakin teku. Yana fure daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba.
- Ka yi hankali da jan hankali (Gentiana cephalantha) - 10-30 cm tsayi tare da manyan elongated ganye tare da nuna koli. Furannin suna da yawa, an tattara fewan a saman firam kuma a cikin axils na ganye, ruwan hoda-purple, tare da daskararren rairayi mai duhu a gindi da kuma alamar farin ciki tare da gefen corolla hakora. An watsa shi a rami mai faɗi da gefukan daji a tsawan 2000 zuwa 3600. Yana fure a watan Satumba da Oktoba.
- Gentian mai ruwan hoda-pink (Gentiana rhodantha) - 20-50 cm tsayi tare da manyan m ganye tare da saman nuna. Furannin furanni masu ruwan hoda, masu guda ɗaya, babba, gefuna na haƙoran Corolla suna da fiɗa-zaren. Ana samunsa a cikin Meadows na dutse da gandun daji a tsaunin 1700-2500 m sama da matakin teku. Yana tono daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu.
- Baƙon fata (Gentiana melandriifolia) - 5-7 cm tsayi tare da m ganye. Furanni suna da guda ɗaya, babba, mai shuɗi mai haske tare da wani farin launi mai laushi tare da gefen corolla hakora. Ana samunsa a cikin ciyayi da gefunan daji a wani tsauni na 2200-3300 m sama da matakin teku. Yana fure a watan Satumba da Oktoba.
- Mai taushi (Gentiana rigescens) - 30-50 cm tsayi tare da ganye mai elongated. Furannin suna daɗaɗɗen fuloli, an tattara su a kan firam ɗin a cikin guda da yawa. Ana samunsa a cikin filayen tsaunuka a tsaunin 1,500-2,800 a saman matakin teku. Yana fure daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba.
Duk da bayyanar ban mamaki, launuka masu launuka iri-iri, fure mai yawa, gentians basu da yawa a al'adance. Wannan duk game da matsalolin haifuwa ne da babban bukatun tsirrai don yanayin rayuwa. Masu sha'awar fure suna magana game da gaskiyar cewa ga gentians sun kirkiro yanayi mafi dacewa kuma sun girma sosai, amma ba sa so su yi fure. Dogon furanni shuɗɗan da aka dade suna jira ne kawai lokacin da aka dasa tsire-tsire masu yawa mita zuwa gefe.
Harshen Yahudanci (Gentiana)Gentians sun fi son rana ko inuwa dangane da yanayin rayuwarsu. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana shuka su ne a tsaunukan tsayi, inda suke da ban sha'awa sosai. Koyaya, wuri mai buɗe rana da ƙasa busasshen lambun dutsen ba su dace da yawancin entian asalin tsiran fure a cikin bazara da kaka ba. Suna girma mafi kyau ba akan kudu ba, amma a yammacin, ƙasa mai raunin zafi ko a inuwa m. Yaran da suke yin fure a cikin kaka suna da kyau a bankunan ruwa, tare da dumin zafi. Yawancin nau'ikan sun fi son ƙasa mai dutse, saboda haka ana ƙara tsakuwa a cikin rijiyoyin lokacin da aka dasa su. Kada shafin yayi tururi. Zaka iya amfani da furen fure.
Gentians sun yadu ta tsaba, suka rarraba daji da iri. Abubuwan suna ƙanana kaɗan, don haɓakar amfrayo suna buƙatar daidaitawa a cikin matsakaici mai laushi, yanayin iska mai tsafta a zazzabi da bai wuce 7 ° C ba tsawon watanni 1-3. Kalmar tabarbarewa an kafa shi a gwaji. Ga wasu nau'in, watan 1 ya isa, nau'in Alpine yana buƙatar akalla watanni 2 na sanyaya. Idan ba a kiyaye lokacin rarrabewa ba, to, tsaba na iya sake fadawa cikin yanayin hutawa har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa. Tsaba a gaban stratification an haxa shi da kyakkyawan yashi ko peat a cikin wani rabo na 1: 3. Kuna iya shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin hunturu a cikin gado mai kyawawan sifiri, ƙasa mai ɓoye. Seedsananan tsaba ana shuka su a sama, kawai an matse su zuwa ƙasa, waɗanda aka fi girma suna yafa masa dan kadan. Ana amfani da tsaba da aka girbe.
Harshen Yahudanci (Gentiana)Za a iya raba busassun a farkon bazara ko farkon faduwar. Yawancin jinsunan basu yarda da dasawa ba, saboda haka ana shuka tsire-tsire tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa kuma ana shayar da yalwa.
Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, an yi amfani da maganin gargajiya wajen maganin gargajiya na duk kasashe, ciki har da China da Indiya, yayin da yake da himma sosai har a Turai ba a taɓa samun sa a cikin daji ba.
A cikin Rasha, an jera masu launin fata a cikin littafin nan na Red. Hakanan ana samun abubuwa masu daci a cikin wasu wakilan usan asalin mazaje, amma ta ƙarfin haushi dukkansu sun fi ƙasa da launin rawaya ...
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su:
- E. Gorbunova, dan takarar kimiyyar halitta. Novelties na lambun
