Siffofin kulawar garkar

Kashi na 1. Inabi na aka haifa don ba da mutuwa
Kashi na 2. Siffofin kulawar inabin
Kashi na 3. Itacen inabi dole sha wahala. Turawa
Kashi na 4. Kariyar inabi daga cututtukan fungal
Kashi na 5. Kariyar inabi daga kwari
Sashe na 6. Itace kayan lambu na yayan inabi
Sashe na 7. Itatuwa mai innabi ta hanyar grafting
Kashi na 8. Kungiyoyi da nau'in innabi

Cika dukkan matakan bisa ga ka'idodin fasahar narkar da aikin gona ya sa amfanin gona ya shiga cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da zai daɗe kuma ya samar da amfanin gona na ingantacciya na fure.

Vineyard kula kafin fruiting

Lokacin dasawa, an matse ƙasa, an tattake ta. Sabili da haka, a ƙarshen lokacin shuka, muna tono ƙasa tsakanin layuka ko kwance shi mai zurfi, share ciyawar da inganta tsarin iska.

Inabi

Itatuwan innabi na dasa shuki a cikin makonni 2-3 kuma tuni a ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni farkon harbe-kore ya bayyana. A wannan lokacin, a hankali zamu saki ƙananan harbe da kuma ɓangaren ɓangare na tushen tushen daga ƙasa, da misalin cm cm 10. Muna bincika lahani akan tushe da inoculation. Muna cire, idan kowane, asalin dew (surface) asalinsu.

A farkon kaka, muna tono ƙasa a ƙarƙashin inabi bayan faɗuwar ganye. Matasa bushes a cikin yankuna na kudu a ginin 20-25 cm rufe ƙasa. A tsakiyar layin mun rufe gaba daya, da sanya harbe a cikin rami da aka tono.

A cikin bazara, lokacin da sanyi ya sauka da yanayin dumin yanayi ya shigo, zamu share bushes daga tsari na kasar. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a farkon shekarar ciyayi, ba a shayar da 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure, amma a wasu lokutan yanayin rashin ruwan sama ke ci gaba, musamman kan kasa mai tsafta, sannan hanya guda ta fita ita ce ba da ruwa, hada su da manyan miya. Dangane da yanayin dajin da aka dasa, mun ƙayyade mitar yawan ruwa. A cikin watan farko muna ruwa a cikin kwanaki 10, a lokaci guda sama da lita 5 na ruwan dumi tare da ƙari da duk wani takaddun hadaddun takin zamani. Bayan haka sau 2 a wata kuma ka gama lokacin ban ruwa a watan Agusta, saboda itacen inabin yana da lokacin yabanya.

Shekaru 2-3 muna barin daga yawan shayarwa. Watering da kai miya da inabi ne da za'ayi idan ya cancanta. Da takin gargajiya a cikin miya ana sawa ne kawai a kan kasa sosai, kuma ana ruwa a busasshiyar yanayin. A lokacin girma muna sarrafa matasa bushes, aiwatar da matakan kariya (spraying tare da kwayoyi da suka dace) daga cututtuka da kwari.

Katarovka inabi

Hanyar cire Tushen a kan tushe mai tushe ana kiranta katarovka. A lokacin ciyayi a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwar itacen daji, muna ciyar da shi sau biyu. Na farko a ƙarshen Yuni da na biyu a tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Agusta. Kowane lokaci, ana cire Tushen kawai a gefe ɗaya zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm. Saboda haka Tushen ba su sake bayyana ba, za mu ware ƙananan tushe zuwa wannan zurfin daga ƙasa (a yanka tare da tiyo, kwalban filastik, da dai sauransu). Bayan kamala, an dawo da ƙasa zuwa wuri, wanda zai bar saurayi mai buɗewa. Wani lokaci akan plantings tare da seedlings grafted mu fara katarovka kawai a cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba, kuma a cikin 2 allurai. Katarovka wajibi ne don cire tushen inabi daga sashin daskarewa na kasar gona da isasshen danshi, don haka muke aiwatar da shi har sai an cire tushen farfajiya duka (30-40 cm).

Shigarwa na tallafi

A cikin shekarar farko a cikin kaka ko bazara na shekara ta biyu, muna kafa tsarin tallafi ga itacen inabi. Mafi kyawun shine ɗayan trellis na tallafi. A kowane layi na itacen innabi, bayan mita 4-5, muna shigar da katako ko ƙarfafa harsasai masu ƙarfi na 2.0-2.5 m. A tono su zuwa zurfin 60-70 cm kuma anga tare da gangare daga gandun itacen inabi don kada waya ta yi sag. Mun shimfiɗa murhun galvanized cikin layuka 4-5 bayan 40-60 cm.

Inabi

Tare da stemless samuwar wani daji na inabõbi, na farko jere na waya an gyara a tsawo na 30-40 cm daga ƙasa. Tare da daidaitaccen tsari a matakin kara tare da ƙananan hannun daji. Ana amfani da ayaba ta hanyar adadi guda takwas, don kada a cire kurangar. Muna amfani da kayan garter mai taushi. Idan garter ya fadi cikin tushe, za mu cire shi kuma zamu sake ɗaure shi da guda takwas kyauta.

'Ya'yan itaciyar kula da giyar inabi

Abubuwa masu tsoratarwa

A cikin bazara, muna gudanar da bincike na kula da gonar inabin kuma, kafin a buɗe ayoyin, muna aiwatar da gyara da sauran aikin: sabbin ko dasa sabbin bushes, sanya su a cikin tsaran ɓauren.
Da farko na barga dumi weather (ba tare da dawo da bazara frosts), bude itacen inabi bushes, yantar da shugaban daga rufe ƙasar, cire bushe sagging haushi da harbe, da kuma fara bushe garter. Mun ƙulla (ko da yaushe a kwance) tsararren harbe don tallafi. A wannan lokacin, ana iya bi da bushes tare da bayani na 3% na jan ƙarfe ko baƙin ƙarfe sulfate. Yin sarrafawa zai jinkirta fitar da fure na kodan, wanda zai kare su daga daskararruwar bazara kuma a lokaci guda zai kasance kyakkyawan rigakafin cututtukan fungal.
A kan bishiyoyin da muke bacci a cikin hunturu muna gudanar da girkin farko, kuma a cikin bazara mun ci gaba zuwa girkin karshe da kuma saka itacen inabin.
Lokacin da kore kore ya kai 20-25 cm tsayi, zamu fara garter kore, wanda muke maimaita sau da yawa lokacin bazara. Mun ƙulla kore harbe a tsaye. Wadanda muke bari a hannun riga na gaba - a kwance. A tsakiyar tsakiyar bazara, muna sauƙaƙe daji. Muna karya ko yankan kore ciyayi, muna ciyawar daji, kuma yana sanya tarin gungun matasa. Wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar kare inabi daga cutar kuma tana ba da gudummawa ga karin saurin girbin amfanin gona da na inabin.

Matasan inabi.

Tsarin tushe mai zurfi-ciki, koda a cikin yanayin bushe, yana iya ba da inabi ga isasshen ruwa. Duk da haka, don samun babban da ake samu, gonakin inabi, musamman ma a kudu maso kudu, suna buƙatar shayarwa.

Tsarin mulkin ban ruwa da kuma kayan miya na inabai

Don ban ruwa ya zama mai tasiri, dole ne a aiwatar da su a wasu matakai na ci gaba na itacen inabi tare da matakan matsakaici. Tare da rashin ruwa, ƙananan goge da berries suna haifar, tushen yana zurfafa zuwa 14 m kuma yana girma a sarari zuwa 2-3 m, yana hana amfanin gona makwabta. Tare da yawan ruwa mai yawa, lalacewar wurin tallafi, tushe da tushen yana farawa. A shuka na iya mutu. Yawancin ruwa ana yin sa ne daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Zai fi kyau a mai da hankali kan matakai na ci gaban bushes, tun lokacin da aka kawo karshen su a kudu da tsakiyar yankin Rasha a faruwa a lokuta daban-daban na ciyayi. Muna aiwatar da shayarwa a cikin lokuta masu zuwa da kuma matakai na ci gaban daji na innabi:

kai tsaye bayan garter bushe, haɗuwa tare da gabatarwar 50-100 g / daji na ammonium nitrate,
na biyu watering ne da za'ayi a cikin girma lokaci na harbe na inabõbi (na farko kore garter). A kan kasa mara kyau, muna kara 50-70 g / daji na ammophos,
kafin fure bayan shayarwa, muna aiwatar da kayan miya na saman foliar tare da maganin 0.1% na boric acid. Don kaucewa zubar da furanni, a farkon kuma a lokacin fure, bai kamata a shayar da gonar inabin ba,
na gaba watering ne da za'ayi bayan flowering a cikin lokaci na lafiya goge fiska. Wani lokaci ana tura ruwa baya zuwa farkon 'ya'yan itace. A cikin waɗannan lokutan, yana da amfani don maimaita miya foliar saman inabi tare da bayani na 0ic% boric acid. Kafin yin ruwa, muna ƙara diammophos ko superphosphate tare da potassium sulfate, ƙara gilashin itace ash. Bayan kowace ruwa, an kwance ƙasa a cikin layuka da layuka.

Bayan mun girbe kafin tono, muna yin ban ruwa mai saukarwa (ya zama dole a bushewar kaka). Mun kawo 0.5-1.0 guga / sq. m na humus ko takin girma, superphosphate na biyu (100-150 g / sq m) da tono gonar inabinsa. Don marigayi digging hada tare da tsari na bushes.

EM fasahar EM na gida mai girma

A halin yanzu, fasahar ba tare da amfani da sinadarai waɗanda ke ba da samfuran yanayi masu amfani da yanayin ba. Ofaya daga cikin irin wannan fasahar mai ba da gudummawa ita ce amfani da Ingancin orwayoyin (EM). Baikal EM-1 shiri ne wanda aka kirkireshi akan sama da nau'in 80 na microorganisms masu amfani, wanda, lokacin da aka fito dashi cikin kasar gona ko shuka, zai lalata microflora na pathogenic. A zahiri, ingancin tasirin su bai bayyana ba ta kowane bangare daga aikace-aikace guda. Muna buƙatar tsarin matakan shekara 3-5 don magance ƙasa da kuma maido da haihuwa.

Inabi

Babban cikas ga ingantaccen amfani da fasahar EM

Magunguna na wannan rukuni suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki, wanda ke ƙaruwa da yawa na jiyya.
An zaɓi fasahar kulawa don kowane iri daban-daban.
Tazara tsakanin jiyya tsakanin ranakun 10-12, wanda ke kara lokaci da farashin kula da amfanin gona.
Magunguna sun fi tasiri a cikin rigakafin cututtuka. Tare da raunuka na epiphytotic, magungunan EM ba su da tasiri. A wannan yanayin, haɗa samfuran halittu.

Kyakkyawan fannoni na amfani da fasaha na EM

Lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a cikin ƙasa, ƙwayar tana kunna saprophytes, wanda ke aiwatar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin wani tsari mai sauƙin digo na tsire-tsire.
Yana bada kariya daga saman da gabobin karkashin kasa daga cututtuka.
Abubuwa masu aiki na jiki a cikin aikin EM yayin aikin EM suna warkar da ƙasa.
Sakamakon samfur ɗin bashi da lahani ga humansan Adam.

Har zuwa yau, wannan fasaha ana amfani da shi kawai a yankuna da aka iyakance, gami da gonakin inabin gida.

Don canzawa zuwa fasahar EM don kulawar inabin, dole ne:

saya hankali "Baikal EM-1",
kafin lokacin girma (a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu) shirya kayan jari daga gare ta, gwargwadon shawarar da aka bayar akan kunshin,
a cikin lokacin girma, yi amfani da samfurin jari-EM-1 don shirya ma'aikacin, wanda ake amfani dashi a ranar,
shirya maganin jari na EM-5 a gaba kuma yi amfani dashi don shirya hanyoyin aiki don magance tsirrai daga cututtuka da kwari.

A goga na unblown inflorescences na inabõbi.

Amfani da fasaha na EM na aikin gona

Daga kwarewata

Bayan mun girbe inabi a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Agusta, na share ƙasan ciyawar. Ruwa mai sauƙi, yana sa haɓakar ciyawa. Watering yana ba da ingantaccen yanayi don aikin EM.
Na shirya wani sabo aiki bayani daga Baikal EM-1 tushe a cikin rabo na 100 ml daga cikin tushe zuwa 10 lita na dumi tsabta ruwa dechlorinated da fesa ƙasa. Na yi tsalle a cikin ƙasa.
Na cire girma ciyawa (ƙarshen Satumba) da kuma kawo a karkashin kowane daji na inabõbi rotted taki, takin balagagge, da sauran kwayoyin. A tsawon lokaci, takin gargajiya ya fara aiki bayan shekaru 1-2, tunda ƙasa a cikin makirci ya zama ruwan dare gama gari tare da isasshen ƙwayar halitta. Don sauran lokacin dumi, EMs ya gabatar da rayayyiyar tsarin kwayoyin halitta kuma ya lalata microflora phytopathogenic.
A cikin bazara, tare da farawa na dumama (yawan zafin jiki na +10 - + 12 ° С), na fesa kasar gona a karkashin bushes tare da maganin matsalar Baikal EM-1 na taro kamar yadda ake a cikin kaka. A lokaci guda na aiwatar da itacen inabi tare da mafita mai aiki a cikin rabo na 1: 500 (10 l na ruwa / 20 ml na ma'aunin kayan aikin shiri). Ba za a iya ƙara maida hankali ba, yana jawo damuwa ga shuka.
Lokacin da furanni suka buɗe, Ina maimaita spraying ƙasa (40 ml / 10 l na ruwa) tare da hatimin farfajiya na cm cm 5. A lokaci guda, na fesa wani yanki na bushes tare da mafita mai aiki a cikin rabo 1: 500-1000 (10-20 ml na ruwa na Baikal / 10 l na ruwa) .
Ina aiwatar da tillage mai zuwa kafin fure sannan kuma har zuwa ƙarshen kakar girma bisa tsari kowane mako 2 a taro na sama.
Don aiwatar da itacen inabi 2 makonni kafin fure, Na canza zuwa bayani mai aiki EM-5 sannan kuma bisa tsari sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2-3 Ina aiwatar da itacen inabi daga cututtuka da kwari tare da wannan fili. Matsakaicin tushen mafita ga ruwa a EM-5 daidai yake da a cikin shirin EM-1.

Sarrafa tsire-tsire galibi yana ƙare a watan Agusta, kuma ci gaba da ƙasa har sai lokacin damuna. Fiye da shekaru 6 na namowa, ƙasa ta rasa ƙarfi, ta zama iska, iska, kuma abubuwan da ake samu na kwayoyin halitta sun ƙaru.

A cikin fasahar EM Ina amfani da baikal na Baikal EM-1 kawai ba, har ma da sauran samfuran halittu waɗanda aka ba da shawarar su a cikin aikin gona. A cikin sanyi, bazara mai nisa, lokacin EMs har yanzu suna "rabin barci," Ina amfani da Bionorm-V, Novosil, da Valagro. Don ƙara juriya ga mildew da launin toka mai narkewa, Ina amfani da magani na Albit. Ina amfani da duk ƙarin drugsarin magunguna daidai da shawarwarin. Sabbin fasahar zamani mafi inganci sunyi aiki akan waɗannan nau'ikan: farkon Magarach, farkon Moldova, Codrianka, Lidia, Viorica, Solaris.