Heliconia (Heliconia) - tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa na herbaceous mallakar dangin suna guda. Matsakaicin yanki na duniya shine wurare masu zafi na sassan kudancin Amurka, kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Akwai zaton cewa an sanya sunan mai suna Dutsen Helikon, wanda bisa ga labarin almara na Girkawa, kyawawan muses sun rayu.
Bayanin Shuka
Heliconia dogaye ne (har zuwa 3 m) na herbaceous perenni mai ƙarfi tare da ƙazamin rhizome da pseudostem waɗanda aka kafa ta hanyar ganyayyaki farji, oval-elongated. A cikin siffar su, wuraren shakatawa da kuma tsarin tsari, ganyen heliconia suna kama da ganyen ayaba. Bambancin shine kawai a tsarin su biyu a kan kara.
Heliconia yayi girma da sauri, kuma yana fure a shekara ta biyu. A wannan yanayin, ana kafa inflorescence akan kowane sashin tushen wanda ke ɗaukar tushe da ganye. A cikin heliconia, lokacin da ya gabata fure ne peculiar. Flow kanta yana tare da kaifi da aiki girma daga tushe, taqaitaccen a cikin vegetative lokaci. Harbin, kamar dai wanda ya farka, da sauri zai fashe ta hanyar bangon farjin da ke ciki kuma ya kawo kyawawan yanayi, sikari ko digon ciki. An ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar babban adadin ƙananan furanni, amintaccen ɓoye a cikin ganyayyaki, da ake kira coverts. Dankin da alama tana jin kunyar nondescriptness dinsu kuma tana iya rikitar dasu.
Rufe ganye yana canza launin launuka daban-daban: haske mai haske, ruwan lemo, ruwan hoda da rawaya. A cikin wasu nau'in, layin gefuna na ganye na sutturar ganye an jadadda shi ta kan iyakar bakin rawaya ko kore. Kakin zuma lullube ganye yana ba da ganye mai sheen da elasticity. Duk wannan yana inganta kwalliyar kwalliya ta ganye. Waɗannan ganye ne da yawa ke ɗaukar fure.
Tsarin asali na inflorescences da kamannin waje na tushe da ganyayyaki na heliconium tare da wasu dabbobi da tsirrai, alal misali, ayaba ko strelitzia, sunyi aiki a matsayin bikin don asalin wasu sunayen furanni: aku, aku, kushin kiɗa, tsuntsu na karya na aljanna.
Kulawar Heliconium a gida
Wuri da Haske
Heliconia, kamar sauran tsire-tsire a cikin tropics, fi son haske amma ya bazu da haske. Don wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, furen yana iya kasancewa a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye.
Zazzabi
Mafi kyawun yanayin zazzabi don haɓaka shuka shine daga digiri 22 zuwa 26 a cikin shekara. A cikin hunturu, iyakancewar zafin jiki mai izini kada ta kasance a ƙarƙashin digiri 18. Heliconia baya son iska mai iska kuma tana tsoron zane-zanen.
Jin zafi
Heliconia yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi a cikin ɗakin. Idan iska a cikin dakin ya bushe, to dole ne a watsa ganyen a ƙalla sau 2 a rana. Zaka iya amfani da pallet tare da kermazit cike da ruwa. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa kasan tukunyar bata taɓa ruwan ba. Heliconia yana jin daɗaɗɗa a cikin gidajen katako da kuma gidajen ƙasa.
Watse
A cikin lokacin bazara-bazara, heliconia yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa, kamar yadda saman ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya bushe. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa, amma ba shi yiwuwa a bada izinin bushewa daga ƙasa.
Kasar gona
Mafi kyau duka ƙasa abun da ke ciki na dasa shuki heliconia: ganye, Turf, ƙasa humus da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1: 1.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Daga Maris zuwa Satumba, ana ciyar da heliconium sau ɗaya a wata tare da takin ma'adinan da ke ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, shuka ba ya buƙatar hadi.
Juyawa
Heliconia ana dasa shi a shekara a bazara. A wannan yanayin, an zaɓi sabon akwati mai mahimmanci fiye da wanda ya gabata, ba kasa da cm 5 Musamman manyan samfurori ana shuka su ne a cikin tubs. Ana sanya kyakkyawan Layer na magudanar a kasan tukunyar.
Maganar Heliconia
Heliconia mafi yawa ana yaduwa ta zuriya, rhizome rabo ko layering.
Kafin yin shuka, ana amfani da tsaba na heliconium tsawon kwanaki 3-4 cikin ruwa mai zafi (digiri 60-70). Don waɗannan dalilai, ya dace don amfani da thermos. Bayan soaking, ana yin shuka. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin kwalaye cike da yashi da peat, suna zurfafa su da 1.5-2 cm .. Ana rufe akwatunan da kayan iska, suna haifar da yanayin gidan kore. Lokaci-lokaci, tanki tana yin iska da taushi tare da ruwan-saman. Harbi zai bayyana a tsakanin watanni 4.
Lokacin yada heliconia ta hanyar rarraba rhizome ko layering, dole ne ka tabbata cewa tsire-tsire na manya yana da ingantaccen tushe. Na gaba, a hankali ku ware zuriyar daga siffar mahaifiyar kuma ku nutsar da ita a cikin tukunya dabam. Sanya tukunya da shuka a cikin duhu, wuri mai dumin zafi.
Tushen nasara yana buƙatar matsakaici na ruwa, kuma a cikin iska mai bushe tukunya tare da shuka an rufe shi da filastik filastik tare da ƙananan ramuka. Ana cire fim din kawai bayan bayyanar tsiro (a cikin makonni 1-3). Yana da mahimmanci tabbatar da cewa ganyen shuka ba su taɓa saman fim ba.
Cutar da kwari
Heliconia ba ta da lafiya da wuya, amma tana iya cutar lalacewa ta hanyar scabies da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.
Scabbard din yana cin'sa thean itaciyar, wanda ke haifar da canji a cikin launi na ganyayyaki, bushewarsu da lalacewar hankali. Ganyen shafaffen da abin ya shafa ana bi da shi da maganin sabulu, sannan tare da dilimin (1-2 ml 1 a kowace lita na ruwa) maganin zartarwa.
Bayyanar cobwebs a kan shuka, cikin ganyayyaki zama lethargic da fada a kashe - shaidar mamayewa na gizo-gizo mite. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan na faruwa idan an kiyaye shuka a cikin ɗaki mai bushe sosai. A wannan yanayin, ana ajiye fure ta hanyar wanke shi da sabulu da rigar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka. Don guje wa sake dawowa, ana shuka tsire-tsire akai-akai da ruwa.
