Yanayin furannin fure kamar ba sa tsammani ga mutane da yawa. Wasu daga cikinsu suna girma kuma suna yin fure mai ban sha'awa, suna buge masu mallakar su tare da rashin fassararsu. Wasu kuma suna cikin yanayin yanayin daskarewa, suna rashin lafiya kuma sun ƙi Bloom.
Bayanin mai sauki ne: ba duk furannin fure sun dace da ƙungiya ta tsakiya ba - har ma ɗayan waɗanda muke siyarwa. Lokacin sayen sabon iri-iri, koyaushe sha'awar abin da aji yake ciki. Mafi yawan motsi sune furannin gabas.
Orchi
Lily (lat.Lílium) - asalin halittar tsirrai daga dangin Liliaceae. Ciyawar Perennial, sanye take da kwararan fitila wanda ya kunshi fulawar fallehy, wanda ke cikin tayal, fari, ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi.
Kara, wanda yake shine babban ci gaba da albasa na kwan fitila, galibi ganye ne, mai sauƙin sauƙi ko kuma a ɗanɗana shi a saman.
Ganyayyaki, da aka shirya a karkace ko lokaci-lokaci a cikin da'irori, kusan kullun suna bakin ciki, tare da jinsuna biyu ne kawai sanye take da kyawawan haɓaka petioles da babban kwaro, faranti masu fasalin zuciya daga gindi. A cikin kusurwar ganye na ciyawar ƙarshe, siffofin toho, wanda, sannu-sannu ke girma, ya zama ƙaramin kwan fitila, wanda aka yi niyyar Bloom na shekara mai zuwa.
Bayan shuka, an samar da ƙaramin kwan fitila daga ƙwayar lily a farkon shekarar, wanda ya girma kuma ya girma har tsawon shekaru uku, huɗu, shida, har ma da shekaru bakwai ba tare da kawo karar fure-fure ba, kuma, kawai ya sami girmansa na ƙarshe, yana farawa da karar iska wanda yake kawo furanni; daga wannan lokacin, a kowace shekara tana kara samar da mai tushe mai karfi.
R Thorkild Poulsen
Saukowa
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana iya dasa kwararan furen lily a cikin kaka da bazara - tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tushe sosai kuma suna ba da 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, idan kun kasance damu game da dasa, to, mafi dacewa lokacin wannan shine farkon kaka, ko kuma, a tsakiyar Satumba. Idan kaka na da ɗumi, to, kwararan fitila na da lokaci don ɗauka, idan sanyi na faruwa a farkon, to ya kamata a rufe su gaba.
Idan ka yanke shawarar dasa furannin fure a cikin bazara, ya kamata ka tuna cewa yana da kyau a yi wannan tun da wuri - a farkon farawar seedlings, tun lokacin da matasa masu tushe a cikin bazara suna da rauni sosai da sauri, waɗanda ke cike da ci gaba na shuka. Idan ya zama dole don adana kwararan fitila Lily na kwanaki da yawa, ya kamata a sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi, a kai a kai tare da daskararren ƙwayar fata, sawdust, dan kadan tare da yashi ko ƙasa.
Kwararan fitila da aka shirya don dasa shuki a hankali, an jefar dasu, an jefar da kamannansu kuma samfurori masu narkewa, cire sikeli marasa amfani. Bugu da kari, yanke tushen wickted na Lily a gaba kuma rage ga tsayi da yawa. Bayan waɗannan matakan, da kwararan fitila na shuka dole ne a kwantar da su cikin maganin 0%% fundozole, an kuma bada shawarar yin amfani da maganin kashe kwari don waɗannan dalilai.
Zurfin dasa furannin furanni da farko ya dogara da girman kwararan fitila da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana shuka ɗan ƙara zurfi akan ƙasa mai yashi mai nauyi fiye da ƙasa mai nauyi na ƙasa - wannan ya faru ne saboda ci gaban shuka da tsarin tushen. Dasa a cikin rafi mai zurfi zuwa zurfin 2-3 sau tsawo na kwan fitila kanta, kirgawa daga saman kwan fitila zuwa farfajiyar ƙasa.
Lokacin dasawa da dasa shuka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye wannan doka: Ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa kwan fitila da tushen tsarin ba su lalace, basu da alamun lalacewa kuma suna cikin sabon yanayi. Wuce kima overdrying da kwan fitila ba za a yarda - wannan shine babban dalilin cututtuka na shuka. Bayan an gama dasa shuki, yakamata a dasa ƙasa sosai tare da peat ko humus.
Po Filippo Besana
Kulawa
Lily ba ta cikin waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da kulawa mai mahimmanci, amma kar ku manta cewa ba tare da lura da asali da ƙananan fasaha na fasahar noma ba, zaku iya lalata shuka.
Babban abin da ake buƙata don kula da wannan shuka shine saka idanu kan matakin ƙurar ƙasa, friability ta. A hankali sa lily daga ciyawa, duba akai-akai don gano cututtukan, amfani da sutura mai sama da ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa hasken rana kai tsaye wanda zai iya ƙone ganye bai faɗi akan tsiro ba.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a tabbatar da cewa kasar gona tana da danshi a zahiri a duk tsawon lokacin, wanda hakan zai ba da damar furannin fure su bunkasa lafiya.. Hakanan yana da daraja a tuna cewa danshi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga Lily a watan Yuni da ƙarshen watan Agusta, lokacin da cikakkiyar kwararan fitila da tara yawan abubuwan gina jiki don lokacin hunturu ya fara.
Lokacin girma furannin fure, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da cewa a farkon shekara bayan dasa, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka dan kadan, basu sami ci gaba mafi kyau da fure ba. Don samar da shuka tare da yanayin zama dole don ci gaba, ya wajaba don cire buds. Rashin ƙarfi ko lili mai ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya karya ƙarƙashin nauyin nasu, al'ada ce a ɗaura a kan tallafi.
Lokacin da kuke shawo furannin fure, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa saukad da ruwa ba su faɗo a ganyen shuka ba (wanda zai iya haifar da ƙonewa da haɓakar cututtuka) - yi ƙoƙarin yin jagorar rafi na ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen shuka. Mafi kyawun lokacin don dacewa da hadi da ciyawar lili shine zamani kafin a sha ruwa.
Is Denis Barthel
Takin mai magani da kuma hadi
Idan kuna son furannin da kuka fi so don jin babban girma da haɓaka, kuna buƙatar ɗauka da zaɓi zaɓi na takin gargajiya da kuma sutturar miya babba don wannan shuka.. Hakanan, wanda ya isa ya manta game da dokokin ciyarwa, lokaci da abun da ke ciki na maɓallin filayen lilin.
A cikin bazara (lokacin da lokacin sanyi na ƙarshe ya wuce kuma lily harbe ba su fito ba tukuna), ya kamata a amfani da takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa, musamman, ammonium nitrate a cikin rabo na 1 tablespoon a kowace murabba'in mita 1, wanda yayi matukar tasirin ci gaban da girma na shuka. Hakanan ana bada shawara don yin riguna na yau da kullun tare da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Maganin mullein fermented, granules na nitroammophoska ko ammonium nitrate cikakke ne don wannan.
Gardenerswararrun lambu sau da yawa suna ciyar da furannin fure tare da tokar itace, wanda dole ne a yi amfani da shi sau 4-5 a lokacin bazara. Ash yana ba da gudummawa ga faɗaɗawar furanni na shuka, kuma yana taimakawa furannin fure fure sosai. Tare da kulawa da kyau da kuma madaidaiciyar miya, madaidaiciya za ta yi fure tare da launuka masu haske kuma su tsayayya kusan kowace cuta.
Lokacin da farkon farkon buds ya bayyana a cikin fure, yana da mahimmanci don maimaita ciyar da shuka tare da nitonium nitrate sake. Hakanan, kar ku manta da aiwatar da ɓangaren ciyayi na Lily daga kowane irin kwari da cututtuka. A watan Yuli, ya wajaba don ƙara superphosphate da kalimagnesia zuwa substrate, wanda ke ƙarfafa mai tushe na shuka.
Mafi kyawun ƙasa don fure-fure ne sako-sako, tsaka tsaki. Ka yi kokarin guje wa ƙazamar lãka a cikin abin da ke shuka, kamar yadda babban adadin yumbu yana ba da gudummawa ga riƙe danshi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, wanda hakan ke cutar da tushen ƙwayar.
Klaus Goldbeck
Wuri
Duk furannin fure suna buƙatar kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi, amma tururuwar iska mai laushi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar tsirrai ta hanyar lalata, yana da haɗari sosai, don haka shafin bai kamata kawai ya sami kariya daga iska ba, har ma ya wadatar da iska. Tare da abubuwan da ake bukata don haskaka haske, mafi kankantar tsarin kula da furanni na fure ya fara. Don haka, don Lily of snow-white da Tubular Hybrids, ya kamata a zaɓi wurin da yake da rana. Hy Hycuss na Asiya da LA Hybrids suna girma sosai a wurare masu zafi kuma suna jure yanayin sha haske. Lily Martagon da Gabas na Gabas na bukatar inuwa na bangare.
Kasar
Lilies suna da matukar buƙata a ƙasa. Dangane da amsawa ga abun ciki na lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa, an raba furannin zuwa kashi biyu. Rukunin farko sun haɗa da nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da ƙaramin lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa: Royal Lily, Lilia Henry, Lilia takara, Lilia saranka, Lilia damisa. Rukuni na biyu, wanda ya fi yawa, ya ƙunshi furen furanni waɗanda kasancewar kasancewar kasancewar lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa ba a so: Lily tana da ƙarfi, Lily tana da ƙarfi, Lily tana da ƙarfi. Kanada Lily Clay, mai hana ruwa da yashi mai laushi ƙasa don furannin fure basu dace ba. Yankin da aka shirya dasa furannin lilin bai kamata a mamaye shi da ruwa ba, saboda daga tsayayyen ruwa, kwararan fitila na iya sauƙaƙe su mutu. Tunda yawancin furanni suna cikin tsire-tsire na gandun daji, ƙasan ƙasa mai ɗimbin yawa tare da humus ɗin humus wanda yake fitowa daga ƙarƙashin gandun daji mai lalacewa ya dace dasu.. Sabili da haka, tabbatar cewa ƙasa a cikin yanki da aka ba lililin lilin yana da kyau-ruwa, sako-sako da isasshen danshi. Furannin fure suna girma wuri guda don shekaru da yawa, don haka shirya ƙasa don dasawa yana da mahimmanci. Kafin dasa shuki, an haƙa ƙasa har zuwa zurfin 35-40 cm - la'akari da zurfin dasa kwararan fitila (15-20 cm) da haɓaka Tushen zuwa zurfin iri ɗaya. An ƙara guga 1 na yashi da peat a cikin ƙasa tare da kayan aiki mai nauyi, da guga 1 na peat ta 1 m2 ga ƙasa mai haske. Ya danganta da ingancin ƙasa, ana ƙara 5 kilogiram na humus 5-10 (taki mai kyau) a cikin 1 m2, kuma an ƙara 100 g na superphosphate da 50 g na potassium sulfate - ƙasar tana shirye don dasa tsiran Asiya da kuma Hy Hycus na ƙasa. Tun da Lily mai launin dusar ƙanƙara ce, lily Martagon da Tubular Hybrids ba sa son ƙasa mai acidic, rigimar ciyawar ƙasa ta haɗa da ash itace, alli ko farar ƙasa a cikin adadin 200-500 g a 1 m2. Gabas Hybrids, ya yi akasin haka, sun fi son ƙasa mai ɗan acid. A wurin da aka dasa su, ana yin magudanar magudi, wanda a sa'annan aka rufe shi da cakuda daidai sassan peat, sod ƙasa da humus kuma aka zubo dasu da mafita mai ƙarfi na potassiumganganate. Da takin mai magani yana hade da ƙasa, bushe busasshiyar ƙasa kuma fara dasa fure.
Jaap van Tuyl
Kiwo
Yawon fitila. Sakamakon ƙirƙirar buds da yawa na sabuntawa ta hanyar kwan fitila ɗaya, shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki a cikin Asiatic da shekaru 5-6 a cikin Tubular, an samar da ɗayan kwararan fitila a cikin sa. Bulbsan fitila na ƙasa tare da tushen tushen mai cin gashin kansa an rarrabe shi kuma ana dasa shi azaman tsire-tsire masu zaman kansu a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Wadannan ranakun ana iya canzawa zuwa ƙarshen watan ko kuma har zuwa Satumba. An ƙaddara da farko ta yanayin kwararan fitila. Bayan furanni na fure, kwararan fitila suna da rauni sosai, rasa nauyi, zama sako-sako, Sikeli ya zama bakin ciki, ya bushe. Ya kamata ya ɗauki watanni 1 - 1.5 bayan fure, don kwan fitila don samun ƙarfi - ya zama babba, mai yawa da na roba. Duk abubuwan suna tasiri wannan tsari: zafi, danshi, da abinci mai gina jiki. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, a farkon watan Agusta, sun fara dasa furen lilin na lokacin furanni na lokacin Yuni (mafi yawa nau'ikan Asiya).
The mai tushe na lilies bukatar a yanka, barin kututture, idan a lokacin rarrabu su kore, ba tare da alamun cutar. Idan mai tushe sun mutu, wanda ke nuna kasancewar cututtukan fungal, to, bayan an tono kwararan fitila, a hankali kwance su.
Kwan fitila nests ya kamata a haƙa sama ba tare da pruning Tushen, to, girgiza ƙasa kashe su, kuma duba. Buƙatu na yau da kullun suna fashewa, amma wani lokacin dole ne a raba su da ƙoƙari. Ana yin wannan ta hannu, ba tare da amfani da kayan aikin ba, bayan datse mai tushe. Scales tare da m ko launin toka ya zama dole a cire su kuma a lalata. Tushen buƙatar yanke ta 15 cm, yanke duk matacce. Ana kula da kwararan fitila mai tsabta tare da tushen ta hanyar taɓowa na minti 20-30 a cikin maganin 0.1% na ƙwayoyin potassium. Raba kwararan fitila ana shuka su ne a cikin ingantaccen ƙasa, wanda a cikin busasshen yanayi dole ne a shayar da haɗe da dasa. Ana shuka furannin fure mai zurfi zuwa zurfin 10-12 cm don manyan kwararan fitila da 7-8 cm - don ƙananan, matsakaici-12 - 8-10 cm, bi da bi, tsayi - 15-20 da 10-12 cm (zurfin da aka nuna zuwa kasan kwararan fitila). Rijiyoyin don dasa ya kamata a yi zurfin 10 cm mai zurfi, kamar yadda ake dasa furannin fure tare da tushe, wanda dole ne a daidaita shi sosai, a zuba yashin kogin mai tsabta tare da Layer na 2-3 cm a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙolin, sannan a rufe shi da ƙasa. Minimumarancin nisa tsakanin kwararan fitila yayin dasawa don ƙungiyoyin da aka nuna daidai ne: don lil-low-girma - 15-20 cm, don matsakaici-20-25 cm, don tsayi-25-30 cm.
Sake haifuwa da yara, kafa a karkashin kasa na kara. Yaran sun banbanta daga mahaifiyar shuka yayin dasawa ko bayan sun yi kasa daga tushe. Rabuwa da dasa yara don renon yara ana yin su ne a watan Agusta.
Sake bugun ta da kwararan fitila. Da yawa daga abin da ake kira iri na lili suna da ikon samar da kananan kara buds - kwararan fitila a cikin kirjin ganye. A kan harbi daya zasu iya haɓaka guda 150-180. Bulbiferous iri sun bambanta a lokacin samuwar kwan fitila (kafin, lokacin da bayan fure), adadinsu, girmansu da launi (daga haske zuwa launin duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa). Cire buds da karuwar zafi na iska suna ba da gudummawa ga karuwar ƙarfin bulbous da samuwar kwararan fitila. Sau da yawa, tushen, wani lokacin ganye 1-2, ana kafa su a cikin buds ba tukuna rabuwa da harbe na kwararan fitila. A ƙarshen bazara - farkon kaka, kwararan fitila sukan fara rarrabewa daga tushe. A wannan gaba, dole ne a tattara su don aikin namo mai zuwa kuma domin kar a rufe abubuwan da suka shuka. Dole ne a kula da kwararan fitila tare da maganin 0,5% na dindindin na dindindin, ajiyewa cikin mafita na mintina 20. Bayan haka, ana dasa kwararan fitila da aka tattara don girma a cikin tsagi tare da zurfin 2-3 cm tare da nisa tsakanin layuka na 15-20 cm, tsakanin kwararan fitila a jere - 5-6 cm.
Don dasa shuki na hunturu, an rufe kwan fitila a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi tare da yanki na 10-15 cm na ganye na itace, sawdust ko peat. Za a iya dasa kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa a cikin dindindin bayan shekara 1-2.
Sake yin gyaran albasa. Wannan hanyar, wanda ke ba da adadi mai yawa na kayan shuka (har zuwa 150 da ƙari daga kwan fitila ɗaya), ya dace da kowane nau'in, hybrids da nau'ikan fure. Dangane da ikon flakes da aka rabu dashi daga kwan fitila don samar da kananan albasarta. Sikeli na lokaci don nau'ikan furanni daban-daban. Mafi kyawun lokacin don nau'ikan iri daban-daban daga ƙungiyar hybrids na Asiya kuma don Lily na sarauta (sake sakewa) shine bazara, don hybrids Tubular - lokaci na fure.
Farfadowa daga furen lilin ta albasa Sikeli
- 1. Ana yawan yin walƙiya a lokaci guda tare da dasawa da kwan fitila. Kwan fitila ya kamata a haƙa kuma a hankali a rabu don samar da ingantaccen ɓarnataccen ɗamammen ɓataccen waje. Har zuwa 2/3 na ma'aunin za'a iya cire shi daga babban kwan fitila, yayin da zai ci gaba da haɓaka,
- 2. Cire Sikeli ya kamata a wanke shi, a magance shi da maganin potassiumgangan, a bushe kuma a adana shi da farko a cikin dumi, sannan a wani wuri mai sanyi. Bulbsan ƙananan kwararan fitila suna inganta akan sikeli, wanda a hankali zai girma da haɓaka tushen saiti, a cikin bazara za'a iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Wannan hanyar zaku iya haifar furannin fure a kowane lokaci na shekara.. Ana samun sakamako mafi kyau yayin amfani da ƙoshin waje, mafi girma da sikeli don samarwa. Sikeli ya kamata ya zama fari, lafiya, ba tare da aibobi ba. Don cire Sikeli, da kwararan fitila ko dai an haƙa shi (saboda haka, yawanci ana yin sa ne a watan Agusta, tare da haɗa shi da juyawa tsakanin furannin fure), ko kuma ƙasa ta duƙufa daga gare su, amma ba tare da tayar da hankali ga ci gaban tsirrai ba, ta wannan hanyar ana aiwatar da flaking a watan Mayu. Daga kwan fitila, cire har zuwa 1/2 ko sama da 2/3 na duk sikeli. Uwa albasa tana ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓakawa koyaushe, ingancin fure ba kusan an rage shi ba.Ana cire sikelin da aka cire kuma ana bi da shi da maganin 0.1% na potassiumgangan. Bayan wannan wajibi ne don bushe su, saka su cikin jakar filastik mai tsabta, ɗaure su kuma sanya su a wuri mai duhu inda ya kamata a adana su tsawon watanni 1.5 a zazzabi a ɗakin (22-24 ° C). Bayan haka yana da kyau a sanya jakunkuna na tsawon wata guda a wani wuri mai sanyaya inda zafin jiki bai wuce 17-18 ° C ba. Kafin dasawa, dole ne a adana su a cikin firiji a zazzabi na 2-4 ° C. A wannan lokacin, ana kafa kwararan fitila masu girma dabam akan sikeli, a sama har zuwa 1 cm a diamita. Ya danganta da lokacin shekara, ana shuka su a cikin kwalaye, a cikin katako, ko a cikin takuna ko kuma shimfidar ƙasa mara buɗe. Dole ne a zabi wani shafin don furannin fure a hankali. Duk furannin fure suna buƙatar kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi, amma tururuwar iska mai laushi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar tsirrai ta hanyar lalata, yana da haɗari sosai, don haka shafin bai kamata kawai ya sami kariya daga iska ba, har ma ya wadatar da iska.
Ba tare da la’akari da cewa ana dasa furannin fure a cikin bazara ko kaka ba, fasalin dukkanin hadaddun matakan matakan agrotechnical (zaɓi wani wuri, shirya ƙasa, dasa, kulawa, dumama don hunturu) ya dogara, da farko, a kan furannin lilin mallakar sashin ɗaya ko wani: gungumomi daban daban na lilies da ke gabatarwa daban-daban bukatun don girma yanayi. Don haka, nau'ikan halittar Asiya sun fi son ƙasa mai acidic da shading haske, ko da yake sun girma sosai a wuraren buɗe rana. Tubular hybrids suna girma mafi kyau akan tsaka tsaki da ƙarancin ƙasa na alkaline, a cikin wuraren da ke da rana. Lily Martagon da hybridan Gabas na Oriental suna buƙatar inuwa na ɓangare. Iyayen fure suna buƙatar sako-sako, busasshen ƙasa, ƙasa mai tsabta na ciyawar ciyayi. Clay, mai hana ruwa da yashi mai laushi mara nauyi don furannin fure basu dace ba. Yankin da aka shirya dasa furannin lilin bai kamata a mamaye shi da ruwa ba, saboda daga tsayayyen ruwa, kwararan fitila na iya sauƙaƙe su mutu. Tunda yawancin furanni suna cikin tsire-tsire na gandun daji, ƙasan ƙasa mai ɗimbin yawa tare da humus ɗin humus wanda yake fitowa daga ƙarƙashin gandun daji mai lalacewa ya dace dasu.
Tunda an dasa furannin furanni na dogon lokaci (Asiatic hybrids na shekaru 3-4, Tubular na shekaru shida), shirya ƙasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adunsu. A karkashin digging yi (a 1 sq. M.) Har zuwa 10 kilogiram na humus, har zuwa 20-50 g na cin abincin kashi, 15-20 g na urea, 30-50 g na sauki ko 20-25 g na superphosphate na biyu, 15-30 g na potassium sulfate. An ƙara peat a ƙarƙashin Asianyan itacen girmar Asiya; don ubuasa ta Tubular, ana kara lemun tsami, yada lemun tsami a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na baya ko a lokacin bazara. Ana yin jiyya ƙasa don zurfin 35-40 cm.
Hil Tom Hilton
Abubuwan Lafiya
Tare da fasaha na gama gari na yau da kullun, kowane aji na lili yana da halaye na kansa. Sanin su, yana da sauƙin samun sakamako mai kyau.
Harshen Asiya mafi unpretentious, suna girma kusan ko'ina, har ma a cikin permafrost a Alaska. A lokacin tsananin sanyi, an yanke ciyawar furanni a matakin ƙasa saboda kar su tashi sama da murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Wadannan furannin sun fi son ƙasa mai ɗan acidic.
Shafukai - hybrids, ko llyly curly, kuma Hardy: resistant ga cuta, Bloom profusely, m da sanyi-resistant. Suna iya girma har a Siberiya. Amma ƙasa da ke kusa da su ba za a iya mulched da sawdust da allura conifer, saboda wannan yana ƙara acidity da tsire-tsire suna zalunta. Zai fi kyau amfani da humus tare da ƙari na ash. Ana dasa shahidai a cikin inuwa, a cikin wani wuri mai buɗe rana suna girma da talauci kuma a hankali mutu.
Homelandasar mahaifin Candidum, ko kuma dusar ƙanƙara mai fari, - Gabas ta Tsakiya. Suna da lokacin hutawa a tsakiyar bazara (a lokacin da ake dasa su), kuma ciyayi ke farawa a cikin kaka, lokacin da ganye ke fita. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun fi son ƙasa na alkaline, ana bi da su a cm cm 25-30. depthwanƙwasa tsiro yana da kaɗan, saman kwan fitila ya kamata ya rufe ƙasa kawai, in ba haka ba ba za su taɓa yin fure ba. Mafi kyawun wurin shine rana mai-iska mai kyau a kan gangara ta kudu. A cikin yankuna na arewacin don hunturu an rufe su da fim - sannan rosette na ganye zai kasance har sai lokacin bazara. A cikin bazara, an cire tsari a hankali. Kuma saboda Tushen ya haɓaka da sauri, ana shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Hanyoyin bautar Amurka sauko daga jinsin da ke girma a cikin ƙasa daban-daban da yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi. Saboda haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan matasan suna da bambanci. Furannin furanni na Yammacin Amurka suna girma cikin tsakiyar Rasha, kodayake har yanzu suna daskarewa yayin tsananin lokacin sanyi. Suna buƙatar haske, ƙasa mai loamy; gaban lemun tsami ba ya tsoma baki. Bloom da cikakken ƙarfi shekara guda ko biyu bayan kaka kaka. An dasa fuka-fukan zuwa zurfin 20-25 cm akan ƙasa mai kyau tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Zai fi kyau dasa a tsakanin ƙananan bishiyoyi suna girgiza ƙasa.
Longslorum hybrids ya kawo I.V. Michurin da I.A. Zalivsky. Suna hunturu sosai a tsakiyar layi. Ana iya yada su ta dukkanin hanyoyin ciyayi har ma ganye. Yara da seedlings shuka a cikin fall da kuma sheltered ga hunturu iya Bloom na gaba shekara.
Tubular Hybrids suna mamakin da launuka iri-iri, fasalin furen, ƙanshin, kuma mafi mahimmanci - juriya ga cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai hana haihuwa. Soilasan a gare su tana buƙatar tsaka tsaki, mai m, numfashi.
Hybrids na Gabas - Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan kyawawan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa. Koyaya, kawai lambu gogaggen lambu iya samun ingancin shuke-shuke, tun da suna sosai mai saukin kamuwa da cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri kuma suna da wuya sosai a kan yanayin girma.
Andrew Dunn
Cutar da kwari
Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta - Cutar da ta fi hatsari kuma mafi munin cutar yawancin kwararan fitila, wanda kuma ake kira launin toka. Cutar ta yadu da sauri ta cikin plantings, musamman ma a cikin yanayin sanyi mai sanyin sanyi tare da zafi mai zafi. Da farko dai, ana shafar ganyen matasa, farawa daga tushe daga tushe. Saannan cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin shuka, ta shafi kara da fure. Tare da dampness m ga ci gaban da naman gwari, Botritis a cikin 'yan kwanaki juya da tsire-tsire a cikin wani tari na Rotting mai tushe, kamar dai scalded ta ruwan zãfi. Hadin kankara ya fi kamuwa da cutar.
Fusarium Iska ta lalace ne sakamakon lalacewar nama. Wani ƙwayar cuta ta microscopic na halittar Fusarium, fara daga ƙasa, a hankali yana shafan kwan fitila. Ya juya launin ruwan kasa kuma ya karye. Cutar ba koyaushe yana da sauƙi a lura da rawaya na ganyayyaki ba: tsirrai na iya ci gaba da girma a koyaushe saboda asalin tushen lafiya, amma a lokacin hunturu ko adanawa, ƙwayoyin Lily ta mutu. A ci gaba da cutar taimaka danshi da high ƙasa zazzabi, kazalika da gabatarwar talauci rotted taki dauke da spores daga cikin naman gwari, wanda zai iya zama a cikin ƙasa har zuwa shekaru uku.
Phytium, da rhizoctonia. Cututtukan lili, bayyana a cikin lalata da tushen da kwararan fitila - blue mold. Phytium yana shafar tushen tsire-tsire, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa furannin fure suke samun isasshen ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki.
Fata mold - ajiya cuta, a lokacin da yakaitattu aibobi na fungal hyphae bayyana a farfajiya da abin kwararan fitila, an rufe shi da wani fure mai fure na sporulation.
Fungus rhizoctonia. Idan shuka ya yi wilted a lokacin girma, kuma idan aka tono kwan fitila, sai ka lura cewa kyallen tasa ta yi launin rawaya sai Tushen ya zama busasshe kuma ya mutu, to akwai alamun kamuwa da cuta a cikin rhizoctonia.
Kwayar cuta (taushi) rot. Lokacin da wannan cutar ta shafi, launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana akan ganyen lili a farkon bazara. Sa'an nan tsire-tsire a hankali juya launin rawaya, rot, ganye da kuma shinge sun fadi a kashe. A sabili da wannan cutar na iya zama cuta kwararan fitila, waterlogging na kasar gona da kuma wuce haddi na nitrogenous takin mai magani.
A lokacin ajiya akan Sikeli mara lafiya tare da kwayan cuta na fure na Lily kwararan fitila, ba tare da jin ƙyamar murmushin jin daɗin bayyana ba, yana haifar da jujjuya kayan abu.
Yana da mahimmanci a bincika kwararan fitila na fure a kai a kai lokacin adana su. Bulbsan fitilar da aka samo daga cuta ya kamata a ware ta kai tsaye daga wasu kuma a hallaka su; Kada ku dasa furannin fure a wuri guda don shekaru da yawa. Rashin kamuwa da shawarar: kasar gona da kwararan fitila - kafin sauka ajiya - Makonni 2 kafin kwanciya da kwararan fitila don ajiya. Lokacin da cutar ta bayyana a lokacin shuka da girma, ana fesa tsire-tsire sau 3 a wata tare da fungicides.
Tushen rot Soilasa mai lalatarwa da kayan shuka mai rashin lafiya, rarar ruwa na ƙasa kuma zai iya haifar da tushen rotse a cikin lilin: fiɗa na ganye ya zama launin rawaya, tsire-tsire sun bushe. Lokacin tono, a bayyane yake cewa kwan fitila na da lafiya, kuma an rufe tushen sa da ƙananan aibobi launin ruwan kasa. Dole ne a cire sassan jikin da ya shafa. Don hana bayyanar da yaduwar tushen rot, kwararan fitila Lily tare da tushen ana gurbata kafin dasa.
Tsatsa Masu ɗaukar wannan cutar sune kwararan fitila marasa lafiya na lilies, tarkace na shuka tare da tarkace na fungi. A ganyen tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da tsatsa, ƙananan aibobi marasa launi sun fara bayyana, daga baya yellowing, tare da gammaye na jan spores. Ganyayyaki da mai tushe na irin wannan lilin da ewa ba bushe.
Gano da tsatsa ganye da mai tushe halaka; Ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da 1% Bordeaux ruwa ko fungicides masu dacewa.
Don hana overwintering da kuma baza na spores na pathogenic fungi samu a cikin lilies, da shuka tarkace an shuka a hankali tattara da kuma hallaka a cikin fall.
Jiran shawarar ku game da girma furanni!
