A cikin 1755, shahararren masanin ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere Kral Linnaeus ya buga shahararren rubutun nasa "Somnus plantarum" ("Mafarkin Shuke-shuke)", wanda a ciki ya gabatar da sakamakonsa na shekaru da yawa na yadda aka bayyana furanni da yadda aka saukar da furanni. An rufe filayen daga lokacin da ake hana ciyawar ta hanyar bushewa daga lokacin da raɓa ta bayyana, kuma bayan ta bushe, sai furannin sun buɗe, suna ba wa kwari damar shiga cikin shukar. rana, amma a wasu shuke-shuke, kuma da yawa daga baya.
Clock na fure ta hannun Carl LinnaeusWadannan abubuwan lura sun sanya sarkin botanists (kamar yadda daliban sa da abokan aiki da ake kira Karl Linnaeus) don ƙirƙirar agogo mai fure: wani da'irar ya kasu kashi da dama tare da tsire-tsire waɗanda suka girma da rufewa a wasu lokutan rana. Irin waɗannan kulle-fure na fure da aka kirkireshi daga gare shi a cikin sanannen Botanical Botanical a Uppsala. Da na ji labarin wannan, na ziyarci wannan lambun da gidan kayan gargajiya kafin zuwan zamanin Intanet, a cikin begen ganin wannan mu'ujiza da idona, amma abin takaici ne, har ya zuwa yanzu, ba a kiyaye sanannen sanannen furannin furanni ba.
Ta yaya shahararren agogon furannin Carl Linnaeus aka shirya?
Bari muyi kokarin gano ta. Bayan ƙirƙirar sa, ya bayyana kayan aikin su a cikin sauran sanannen aikinsa Falsafa na Botany a cikin 1751. Lissafin tsire-tsire na furannin furanni na Linnaean da aka buga sau da yawa akan Intanet, waɗanda aka buga sau da yawa akan Intanet, ba daidai bane; kawai suna nuna shawarwarin wani sanannen mashahurin mashahurin ɗan adam Kerner ne na Lambun Uppsala A karni na 19 cikin Tarihin Halittar Tsirrai. Kerner ya ƙaru yawan nau'in shawarar da aka ba da shawara ta hanyar sau 6. Don haka yanzu haɗuwa iri-iri na waɗannan nau'ikan 60 (waɗanda a cikinsu akwai cacti!) Suna tafiya akan Intanet. Amma Kerner ya ba da shawarwarin kawai don yiwuwar ƙari ga agogon fure! Tsarin asali na Linnaeus kuma, mafi mahimmanci, aiwatarwarsa ta amfani daban.
Karl Linney na furanni na fure ya hada da wadannan:
| Al’adu | Bayyanar | Rufewa | |
| Da safe | Meadow aku-mai kiwo | 3-5 hours | - |
| Waka na yau da kullun, Hawan gwaiba, Haushi | 4-5 | - | |
| Daylily launin ruwan kasa-rawaya, poppy single-kara, lambu shuka | 5 | - | |
| Jerin-kashi uku, Dandelion officinalis | 5-6 | - | |
| Ummi umma, ummi taja tsaki | 6 | - | |
| Hayaki, Shuka thistle | 6-7 | - | |
| Corolla na yi wa lakabi, Sowing letas, Kulbaba bristly, Lily white lily | 7 | - | |
| Gemun Mesembryantemum | 7-8 | - | |
| Cikakkiyar filin filin cikakken lokaci (filin Anagalis), Scion clove, Hawk Ushkovaya, Bindweed | 8 | - | |
| Dandelion na magani | - | 8-10 | |
| Filin Calendula, filin filin | 9 | - | |
| Red gerbil | 9-10 | - | |
| Meadow aku-mai kiwo | - | 9-10 | |
| Waka na gama gari, Sowing letas, Filin shuka | - | 10 | |
| Crystal nasembryantemum | 10-11 | - | |
| Skerda Alpine | - | 11 | |
| Shuka Shuka | - | 11-12 | |
| Field Calendula | - | 12 | |
| Rana | Carnation ne filin, Carnation ne filin | - | 13 |
| Scherda ja | - | 13-14 | |
| Hawk Ushkova | - | 14 | |
| Red gerbil | - | 14-15 | |
| Crystal nasembryantemum | - | 14-16 | |
| Kulbaba bristly | - | 15 | |
| Corolla mai launin fata, Hawk mai gashi | - | 15-16 | |
| Damuwa | - | 16 | |
| Gwanin Pancake | - | 16-17 | |
| Umbrella hawk, Farin ruwan Lily, Manta-ni-ba | - | 17 | |
| Maraice | Geranium yana baƙin ciki | 18 | - |
| Poppy single-stemmed | - | 19 | |
| Brown-rawaya daylily, Rosehip | - | 19-20 | |
| Dare | Kislitsa | - | 21 |
| Shiru maraice | 21-22 | - | |
Muna ba lokutan buɗewa da rufewa ga Uppsala, tare da wannan birni don Innsbruck, Linnaeus ya ba da shawarar sauran agogo. Matsakaicin matsakaita don buɗewa shine 1-2 hours daga baya, don rufe 2-3. Wasu lambobi suna da kunya, alal misali, wani ɗanɗano, yana rufewa da wuri (saboda adalci, don Innsbruck ya riga ya kasance 16-17). Amma wannan mafari ne kawai, furannin farko.
Lamunin furanni na Linnea akan "tsibirin Furanni" Mainau (Jamus). Ina mainauDaga baya, an kirkiro duwatsun fure a cikin wasu lambunan botanical da kuma wuraren shakatawa. Mafi shahararrun - ba shakka a Switzerland, suna cikin Moscow, a kan Dutsen Poklonnaya. A babban birnin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, manyan furannin furanni (kyaututtuka daga garin tagwayen Geneva) kwanan nan aka bude. Su kwafin Swiss ne gwargwadon yanayin gida.
Yadda za a yi agogon fure da hannuwanku?
Dole ne in faɗi cewa ƙirƙirar furannin fure na ainihi kasuwanci ne mai wahala. Ba don komai ba cewa mafi yawan lokuta agogo na fure yana nufin agogo na yau da kullun da hannaye, kawai tare da layi. Amma zaku iya sanya agogo na ainihin kanku, musamman tunda halittar su tsari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke ba da farin ciki na lura da sadarwa tare da yanayi ba kawai ga manya ba, har ma ga yaranku, idan kun yi su tare.
Agogon injina a cikin flowerbed Gene Emma KrasovDon haka, da farko, dole ne mu tuna cewa tsire-tsire da aka ba da shawarar da lokacin buɗewa a cikin littattafai da kan Intanet sun kasance janar kawai kuma sun dogara sosai ba kawai a kan latti da nisa ba, har ma a kan yanayin microclimatic na gida na shafin. Kuma mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba, komai an tara shi a cikin tsiro, yadda za a haɗu da shuka tare, alal misali, ruwan farin Lily da kare ya tashi?
Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa don yin binciken ƙaddara abun da sigogin lokaci. Don yin wannan, zaɓi ƙaramin dandamali don kewaya (mafi kyawun fale-falen buraka, amma da'irar da aka fitar akan lawn ɗin shima ya dace). A tsakiyar, sanya doguwar sanda na itace, zai jefa inuwa. A kewaye, nuna lokacin da inuwa ta fadi, ya fi kyau daga 6 na safe zuwa 8 na yamma, saboda zafin rana ba zai yi aiki da dare ba, sanya ɗan takarar nan a tukwane. Lura da ainihin lokacin buɗe furanni da rufewa har tsawon mako biyu, yana motsa tukwane, zaku iya zaɓar lokutan da zasu dace da shafin ku. Ka tuna kawai cewa yanayin hadari da ruwan sama suna yin gyare-gyare.
A ƙarshe, muna gabatar da jerin sunayen 'yan takarar don fare-faren furannin furanni iri-iri daga botanists na zamani don tsakiyar Rasha da ƙasashen Turai na CIS.
Sanarwa: makiyaya mai samar da akuya (3-5 awanni), fure mai fure, filawar bango, kaji, chicory, mustard (4-5), makiyaya da gonar shuka ciyayi, ranar ja, dandelion (5-6), shaho, filin shuka ciyawa, gwoza, dankali, flax ( 6-7), lactuk lambu, hawaye cuckoo (7), launi na filin cikakken lokaci, violet mai launi uku (7-8), bindweed (8), filayen filaye, tar, marigolds (9), torichen, mahaifiya da uwar rana, chicory - a karo na biyu (17-18), taba mai kamshi (19-20), violet na dare, ƙauna mai ganye biyu (21-22).
Rufewa: lambun letas, makiyaya da ciyawar shuka iri-iri (11-12), farjin tsirrai (hawthorn laima) cloves (13-14), poppy, chicory, dankali (14-15), gyada mai gashi, violet mai launuka uku, kwalta, toric (15-16), flax (16-17) marigolds, manta-ni-nots (17-18), tashi kwatangwalo (19-20), m (21).
