Yadda ake shuka da yaduwar irises a bude ƙasa Hoton furanniIris (Iris), Kasatik, Cockerel shine rhizome na perenniyya na dangin Iris (Kasatikovy). Kuna iya saduwa dasu ko'ina, fiye da nau'ikan 700 suna girma a cikin yanayin halitta. Daga harshen Latin, an fassara sunan dutsen kamar "bakan gizo".
Hippocrates ya ba da wannan sunan don girmama allolin bakan gizo, Iris. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda ire-iren tabarau na da yawa. A cewar almara, lokacin da Prometheus ya ba da wuta ga mutane, yanayi ya yi farin ciki: bakan gizo ya haskaka, wanda ya haskaka dare da rana, washegari kuma sai ya faɗi ƙasa a warwatsa furanni masu ban mamaki. Wadannan irises ne. Birni na Italiyanci mai suna Florence (wanda aka fassara shi azaman '' fure '') - don haka sunan Romawa, tunda alƙalin garin ya cika da iris.
Shuka furen da ya girma sama da shekaru 2,000. Irises suna da mahimmanci ba kawai kamar tsire-tsire na ornamental ba, har ma kayan albarkatun kasa ne don samar da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a ƙanshin turare.
Bayanin Botanical
Tushen tsarin irises tushe ne mai dan karen tsaye wanda ke da tushe a cikin tsari tare da tsarin filiform. Ganye suna xiphoid, lebur, kore fentin, suna da kayan shafa mai ƙanshi, ana tattara su a cikin sashin tushen a cikin ɗayan fan. Furanni masu girma ne, keɓe kai, mai rikitarwa a sifa, bambancin launi (a sarari, haɗuwa da launuka da yawa) galibi masu kamshi ne.
Furen ya ƙunshi lobes shida: lobes guda uku na ciki suna samar da bututu, sannan lobes uku na waje ana ɗan juya su ƙasa. Fulawa yana gudana daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Maimaita fure a cikin kaka mai yiwuwa ne. Kowane fure yana farantawa kwanaki 5. 'Ya'yan itace akwati uku ne.
Yadda ake girma irises a bude ƙasa
Wajibi ne yin la'akari da abubuwan da suka biyo baya lokacin tsirowar girma:
- Tushensu suna girma a kwance, sau da yawa suna zuwa farfajiya - don hunturu ya kamata a yayyafa su tare da ƙasa tare da peat. A cikin bazara, a hankali cire ciyawa.
- Ba ya son yin jigilar kayayyaki, saboda haka ya kamata ka yi la’akari da cewa a cikin shekara ɗaya zai canza wurinsa da centan santimita. Dasa su tare da kwalin ganye tare da layi, sannan saukowa zai sami bayyananniyar yanayin tsabta.
- Gemu irin iris fi son yashi kasa da ba zurfin saukowa.
- Kada ku ciyar da kwayoyin. Mafi kyawun takin zai kasance takin mai ma'adinai a cikin ruwa ruwa.
- Ana buƙatar juyawa cikin kowace shekara 3-4, masarautar Siberian zata iya girma a cikin al'ada na kimanin shekaru 10 a wuri ɗaya.
Yaushe shuka?
Mafi sau da yawa, ana aiwatar da dasa a cikin lokacin daga Agusta zuwa Satumba. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin bazara (Afrilu-Mayu).
Zaɓin wurin zama
Gemu na Iris ya fi son wuraren da hasken rana zai faɗi da safe, kariya daga zayyana kuma yana da mahimmanci, sauka a kan tsauni zai kiyaye kariya daga tsauraran ruwa. Siberian Iris da marsh akasin son danshi.
Kasar gona
Soilasa tana buƙatar abubuwan gina jiki. Idan kasar gona ta lalace, lokacin dasawa, ƙara ciyawar lambun mai takin gargajiya ko takin, ƙara potassium-phosphorus fertilizing. Wajibi ne don ƙara ash ash, alli, gari dolomite zuwa ƙasa mai acidic. Yiwu cikin loma tare da yashi da peat, kuma, akasin haka, ƙara ƙasa da yumɓu. An bada shawara don kula da yankin tare da maganin kashe kwari (don kariya daga kwari) da kuma fungicide (an yi shi da cututtuka.
Shiri don saukowa
Dasa kayan dasawa ana bada shawara don a kula dasu tare da haɓakar mai haɓaka. A datsa tushen daɗewa, cire wuraren da lalatacce kuma tabbatar da cewa ana bi da wuraren da aka yanke tare da maganin kashe kwari. Koyaya, tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya basa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma ana iya dasa su ba tare da shiri na gaba ba.
Yadda za a dasa beran irises bayanin da bidiyo:
Tona rami mara zurfi, yayyafa yashi tare da ƙwanƙwasa, rarraba Tushen a kwance, ya kamata su zama tare da ƙasa, yayyafa da yashi.
Bayanin saukarwa gwanayen farawar sanarwa da bidiyo:
Saukowa na beardless irises: dole ne a zurfafa cikin ƙasa 'yan santimita, don kiyaye danshi, ciyawa yankin.
Lura nesa tsakanin dasawa ya danganta da girman tsirrai: undersized ya isa 15 cm, matsakaici-20 cm, tsayi - aƙalla 50 cm.
Yadda ake kulawa da irises a gonar
Irises suna son haske da dumi.
Watse
Ruwa a kai a kai yayin budurwa, idan kuna son samun fure sosai. Koyaya, irises basu da ma'anar da zasu iya yi ba tare da jan hankali ba. Ana amfani da wannan don wuraren shimfidar wurare kusa da gine-ginen jama'a, lokacin da ba zai yiwu a yi ban ruwa ba. Bayan fure, za a buƙaci watering kawai tare da bushewa mai ƙarfi na ƙasa kusa da tushen, kuma, idan maƙasudin lambu shine ƙara launuka na ado a cikin kakar mai zuwa.
Manyan miya
Idan ƙasa tana da abinci mai gina jiki, tsire-tsire na iya gamsuwa da wannan. A matsayin ƙarin riguna na sama, ƙara bayani na takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium kafin fure. A lokacin furanni, ba za ku iya ciyarwa ba.
Yadda za a sako da kuma sassauta ƙasa
Tushen tsarin yana kusan kan farfajiya, don haka weeding yana gudana ta musamman da hannu. Sassauki ƙasa lokaci-lokaci, amma dole ne a yi wannan a hankali. Cire wilted inflorescences.
Cututtuka da kwari na irises
Rot - mafi yawan cuta na irises. Samfurori masu lalacewa dole ne a ɗaga su kuma a lalata su. Zuba kasar gona da sauran tsirrai tare da maganin 2% baseazole. Tabbatar da bi da tushen kafin dasa. A matsayin prophylaxis, a lokaci-lokaci fesa irises tare da cakuda Bordeaux (1% maida hankali).
Amma ga kwari, scoops ku ci da mai tushe na peduncles - sun juya rawaya mutu. Don kauce wa matsaloli a farkon lokacin girma, fesa irises tare da maganin zazzabin cizon sauro a kashi 10%, ana aiwatar da aikin sau biyu tare da tazara mako. Thrips na iya shafar ganye (sun zama launin ruwan kasa, bushewa), buds (discolor). A wannan yanayin, bi da maganin kashe kwari.
Sau da yawa bayyana a kan irises slugs. Kuna iya amfani da tarkuna iri iri don tara su. Hakanan, don magance slugs, ana bada shawara cewa a cikin bushewar ƙasa da safe ko da yamma, watsa manyan grande na metaldehyde (30-40 g a 10 m2).
Me zai yi bayan fure? Irises a cikin hunturu
Idan baku shirya dasa tsiran iris dinku ba, to bayan fure ya zama dole a yanke ciyawar fure. Yanke yellowness daga cikin ganyayyaki, ana iya sanya tukwanen semicircular - flowerbed zai yi kama da kyau, kuma tushen tsarin zai cika da abubuwan gina jiki. Lokacin da ganyayyaki sun bushe, yanke su, barin kusan 10 cm daga saman ƙasa. Qwai na kwari za a iya dage farawa akan yanke ganye - yana da kyau a ƙone su.
Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, yakamata a dasa tushen yashi tare da peat ko yashi kimanin kauri cm 10. Idan ana tsammanin hunturu tare da tsaftataccen lokacin sanyi, bugu da coverari yana rufe da rassan tsiro ko busassun ganye. Dankunan sanyi masu jure hunturu ba tare da shiri na musamman don hunturu ba. Lokacin sayen, tambayi mai siyarwa idan waɗannan furanni suna buƙatar tsari don hunturu.
Idan akwai buƙatar adana rhizomes har sai lokacin bazara, yi shi ta hanyar da aka bayyana a ƙasa.
Gemu irises ya kamata a adana a cikin sanyi, bushe wuri. Dry Tushen, saka su a cikin akwati, kowane kunsa kowane yanki tare da takarda ko yayyafa da sawdust da bushe peat.
Duk sauran suna hydrophilic. Ya kamata a dasa su a cikin tukunya. Yanke da dogon Tushen, bi da tare da potassium permanganate bayani, nutsad da m a cikin ƙasa, yayyafa tare da duniya a saman. A cikin bazara, canja wuri don buɗe ƙasa.
Kiwo
Yawancin nau'in halitta shine ya haifar da nau'in irises. A wannan yanayin, fure yana faruwa bayan shekaru 2-3.
Mafi mashahuri kiwo yanki na rhizome. Tona irises tare da fenti, girgiza ƙasa, rarraba tushen zuwa sassan saboda kowane mahaɗin ya ƙunshi maki biyu na girma da ganye. Yanke ganye zuwa 2/3 na tsawon. Tabbatar da bi da fungicide da bushe Tushen.
Iri da nau'ikan wake na bebaye tare da hotuna da sunaye
An raba Irises kamar yadda aka yanke a gemu (gashinsu yana da aski) da kuma gemu. Hakanan an rarrabe shi cikin rashin girman kai (40-50 cm), matsakaici (50-70 cm), tsayi (sama da 70 cm).
Jamusanci Iris Iris germanica
Jamusanci Iris Iris germanica hoto
Mafi mashahuri nau'in beris na iris.
Sanannu iri:
Galadiman Karshin Iris Iris German
Tekun Baltic - filayen kwalliya ana fentin shuɗi tare da gemu mai ruwan shuɗi.
Iris German Beavilderbist Iris germanica 'Bewilderbeast'
Bewilderbest - daskararren fata, launin ya ƙunshi kirim, burgundy, ratsi ja, akwai dunƙun farin, launin rawaya.
Iris gemu iri-iri Iris germanica 'Mafita Daga Boredom' hoto
Kodadde m tare da peach tint da purple veins ne launi daga cikin iri-iri Iris germanica 'Ficewa daga Boredom'. Furanni masu ban sha'awa masu ban mamaki suna da kyau a kan makircin kuma a cikin yanke.
Bean guntun furanni na hoto Iris germanica Acoma hoto
Acoma - hauren hauren giwa tare da iyakar shuɗi, lavender. Tunatarwa mai ban mamaki girgije mai girgije.
Iris giya iri-iri Iris germanica 'Regal Knave' hoto
Varietiesanan sautin biyu suna da mashahuri sosai, lokacin da aka zana ƙananan ƙananan corolla a cikin launi mai duhu, kuma firam ɗin ya fi sauƙi. Misali, a matsayin iri-iri na Iris germanica 'Regal Knave' tare da tabarau masu shuɗi da shunayya.
Iris giya iri-iri Iris germanica 'Rondo' hoto
Kada ku kawar da idanunmu daga Iris germanica 'Rondo' iri tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a tsakiyar furannin da duhu kan iyakoki tare da gefen. A petals suna mai kauri sosai kusa da gefen, kawai tare da mai wuce yarda kyau waƙowi mai ɗaukar hoto.
Girman Iris iri-iri Iris germanica Peach Jam hoto
Kwalliyar masu shayarwa bata da iyaka: akwai iri iri tare da launuka masu banbanta dasu, kamar su Iris germanica Peach Jam iri-iri.
Iris gemu iri iri 'Superstishn' Iris germanica 'Superstition' hoto
Duhu mai launin shuɗi, kusan baƙar fata a cikin iri-iri na Iris germanica 'Superstition', na iya ƙirƙirar bambanci mai ban mamaki a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'in inuwa mai haske.
Iris giya iri-iri Iris germanica Distant Chimes photo
Fantastic launi a cikin cultivar Iris germanica Distant Chimes tare da cibiyoyin-tsami-rawaya da ƙananan ƙananan furannin shuɗi.
Iris furanni iri iri na Iris 'Acapulco Gold'
Launi mai haske mai launin shuɗi a cikin furanni iri-iri na '' Acapulco Gold ', manyan furanni suna da faffadan gefen furannin.
Iris da gemu iri-iri Iris 'madauki madauki' hoto
Kyau mai laushi mai launin shuɗi da fari mai launi iri-iri na '' Loop the Lop '' yana burge ta da yadin da aka saka.
Girman Iris iri-iri Iris germanica 'Game da Town' hoto
Furanni biyu masu marmari tare da gefuna wavy - game da About Tall Tall tare da tabarau na Lilac mai taushi da duhu lilac.
Iris furanni iri-iri Iris 'Drunk Skunk'
Abubuwan fararen kaya marasa kyau a cikin duffan ganye masu launin shuɗi na ƙananan corolla na Iris iri-iri 'Drunk Skunk' ya dace da kyau tare da launi na pastel-lilac na manyan ƙananan karafa.
Kalamar Iris florentine
Iris Florentine Iris florentina hoto
Filin da aka yiwa laƙabi da tsayin daka ya kai kusan cm 70, yana ɗaukar furanni 5-7. Petals fari ne da launin shuɗi.
Unshorn irises tare da hotuna da sunaye
Siberian iris Iris sibirica
Iris Siberian iri daban-daban Iris Sibirica 'Yadda Audacious' hoto
Launi ya bambanta daga shuɗi zuwa shuɗi mai duhu. Rashin kamshi. Hardy, ba ji tsoron zafin sanyi da fari. Zasu iya girma kusa da jikkunan ruwa. Fiye da nau'ikan 1,000 ana barnatarwa.
Shahararrun irin nau'ikan Siberian:
Iris Siberian Santa Barbara Iris Siberian
Sarauniyar Snow - tana da fararen furanni.
Iris Siberian iri daban-daban Hoto Opal Opal
Opal na ciki - iris tare da tsawo na 80 cm, diamita na corolla shine 10 cm, launi - ruwan hoda-lavender.
Iris Siberian iri-iri Butter da Sugar hoto
Butter da Sugar - filayen cikin gida suna fari, tare da takaddar lemun tsami a gindi, filayen waje suna launin rawaya.
Jafananci iris, xiphoid ko Kempfler iris
Jafananci iris, xiphoid ko Kempfler iris hoto
Manyan furanninta sunkai kusan 25 cm a ciki.
A cikin latitude, iri iri suna da tushe:
- Nessa-No-Mai - furen-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da diamita fiye da 20 cm;
- Solveig - yana da furanni na launi mai laushi na lilac;
- Vasily Alferov - iris tare da canza launi tawada na fure.
Iris spuria ko ƙarya Iris spuria
Iris spuria ko ƙarya Iris spuria
Iris tare da manyan m furanni.
Popular iri:
- Lemon Touch - furannin furanni, wadanda aka zana a launi mai launin lemun tsami da rawanin zinare, ya kai kusan 1 m;
- Juyin Juya Hanya mai launuka iri-iri, dogayen fure suna da launi daga shudi-shuɗi zuwa ruwan tabyi mai duhu tare da kwararan tagulla.
- Stella Irene - daskararren fure ya kai tsawo na kusan 90 cm, launin ruwan fure shine launin shuɗi-baki.
Maarfin Iris ko na baƙin ƙarfe Iris pseudacorus
Marsar Iris ko na karya aliof
Ya fi son m kasa. A cikin yanayin halitta, furanni masu launin shuɗi ne.
Popular iri:
- Sarauniyar Zinare - furanni suna da launin zinare;
- Flore Pleno - furanni masu launin fari na launin shuɗi;
- Umkirch - yana da furanni masu ruwan hoda.
Dangane da hanyar launi, sun bambanta:
- launi daya (duka lobes ana fentin su a launi iri ɗaya);
- sautin biyu (babba da ƙananan lobs ana fentin su ɗaya a cikin launuka daban-daban);
- sautin biyu (ƙananan ciki da babba ana fentin launuka daban-daban);
- variegate (babba suna launin rawaya, ƙananan ƙananan masu launin ja-ruwan kasa);
- amena (ɓangaren ɓangaren yana fentin fari);
- iyaka (a kan ƙananan ko a duk lobs akwai iyaka na canza launi);
- Kofar waje (inuwa daya tayi kyau ya shiga wata).
Irises a cikin shimfidar wuri
Irises a cikin hoton zane mai faɗi
Ana iya ganin Irises a ko'ina: a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, filaye na sirri, a cikin gadaje na fure kusa da baranda. An kawata lambuna na dutse da nau'ikan furanni. Iridarium (flowerbed tare da irises) za'a iya dasa shi tare da amphitheater - tsari na furanni don hauhawar tsari. Marsh irises suna shimfiɗa tafkunan.
Irises suna da haske, don haka zabi makwabta da hankali. Suna tafiya lafiya tare da phlox, astilbe, dolphin, hehera, tenacity, tradescantia, hosta. Matsayi mai dacewa don tashin hankali zai kasance spirea, thuja, juniper, dwarf spruce.
