Don tsarin mahalli zai zama mai ƙanshi tare da launuka daban-daban a lokacin rani, ya wajaba a kula da kayan dasawa a gaba. Yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire, na shekara-shekara da na shekara-shekara, ba za a iya girma kai tsaye daga tsaba ba. An shuka su a cikin ƙananan bushes - seedlings.
Shiri don shuka shuki iri na shuki
A mataki na farko, wajibi ne don gano wane furanni suke girma ta hanyar shuka. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ne masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya mutuwa a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ciyayi iri iri.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Lobelia
- Petunia
- Delphinium;
- Ageratum;
- Asters da yawa wasu
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar gano lokacin da za ku shuka furanni don shuka.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya zo daidai da ƙarshen lokacin hunturu ko kuma farkon bazara. Za'a iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da tattara kayan da aka zaɓa, wanda ke ba da rahoto game da lokacin dasa shuki, daukeshi a wani wuri mai ɗorewa da wasu mahimman fannoni na shuka shuka. Wasu nau'ikan furanni suna buƙatar dasa shuki a farkon, alal misali, Clobo Shabo, Lobelia. Dasa shuka furanni na fure a cikin watan Janairu ana haifar da shi na dogon lokaci na haɓaka da haɓaka iri.
A mataki na gaba, wajibi ne don shirya tsaba, ƙasa da kwantena don shuka shukar fure.
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Growararrun masu siyar da kayan abinci suna bada shawara a shirya tsaba don dasa Daga cututtuka daban-daban yana da bu mai kyau zuwa jiƙa kayan da aka zaɓa a cikin rauni mai sauƙi na potassium permanganate na 10 - 12 hours.
Don farkon tsiro, ana iya narke tsaba (bisa ga umarnin) a cikin maganin maganin zircon ko epin.
Yawancin masu girbe furanni masu fure tare da tsaba suna sha wahala. Don yin wannan, ana shuka tsiron furanni cikin ruwa a fili kamar awa 12. Bayan haka, ana tsabtace jita-jita tare da tsaba a cikin wuri mai sanyi a lokaci guda. Sannan an sake kawo akwati a cikin dakin, sannan a cikin firiji, da sauransu har sai tsaba sun tsiro. Masana sun yi jayayya cewa ta wannan hanyar, tsirrai, har ma a matakin fitsari, suke samun rigakafin yiwuwar wuce haddi a zazzabi.
Ana shirya kasar gona don shuka furanni
Ilasa don fure na fure ya kamata kuma zama sabon abu. Gardenersanyan lambu ba da shawara ba za su iya sayan cakuda da aka shirya a cikin shagon ba, misali, "Rayayyar ƙasa".
Amma yana da kyau ka dafa ƙasar da kanka. Don yin wannan, Mix:
- 1 yanki na yashi;
- 2 sassan takin;
- 2 sassan ƙasa mai bushe;
- 3 sassan peat.
Kafin shuka shukar furanni akan shuka, cakuda da aka shirya, da tsaba, dole ne a lalata. Don yin wannan, an zubar da ƙasa gaba ɗaya tare da raunin bayani na potassiumgangan na ƙasa kuma an bushe ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
Don kyankyasar da tsaba cikin sauri, ana bada shawara don dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai sanyaya (har zuwa 20ºС -22ºС).
Shiri na kwantena don girma fure seedlings
A halin yanzu, a cikin shagunan ƙwararrun akwai babban zaɓi na kwantena daban-daban don dasa shuki fure. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dukkansu manya-manya ne kuma masu zurfi. Cika waɗannan kwantena suna buƙatar ƙasa mai yawa. Wasu masu noman furannin furanni sun fi son amfani da shuka shuki:
- cakuda kofuna;
- kwantena abinci;
- tara daga karkashin yoghurts da curds;
- kunshin da aka yanke zuwa madaidaicin dama daga madara da kefir.
Idan ana amfani da kayan abinci, dole ne a wanke su tare da sauran guraben abinci. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dole ne a yi ramuka a ƙasan kowane akwati don zubar da ruwa mai yawa.
Kafin cika ƙasa a cikin kwantena, wajibi ne don yin tsarin magudanar ruwa. Don yin wannan, yadudduka yashi ko ƙaramin yumɓu mai yumɓu tare da tsayi ba fiye da 1 cm an shimfiɗa ta a saman kwalin don bishiyar fure.
Cika kasar gona a cikin tanki ba lallai ba ne ga ainihin. Yana da kyau a bar 1 cm ko cm 2. Za a buƙaci wannan wurin don shayarwa na yau da kullun kuma, idan ya cancanta, ƙara ƙasa. Soilasa a cikin akwati don shuka yakamata a haɗu da ita yadda idan aka shayar da shi ba ya crumble kuma baya raguwa a gefuna jita-jita.
Fasaha don dasa shuki 'ya'yan furanni
Kafin shuka furanni don tsire-tsire, ƙasa a cikin kwantena da aka shirya ya kamata a shayar da kyau. Idan ba ku bi wannan dokar ba, to, tun kafin fitowar seedlings, zaku buƙaci ƙarin ruwa, kuma idan an yi ruwa, zaku iya lalata tsirrai ko ƙwaya da ba su da lokacin yin toho.
A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ƙananan tsagi ko dimples dole ne a yi idan kayan dasa ya yi girma sosai. Ana saukar da tsaba na 2 zuwa 3 cikin waɗannan ramuka kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Idan kayan iri sunyi ƙanana, kamar na Lobelia, to, an haɗu da shi tare da yashi kuma a ko'ina a zuba a ƙasa.
Na gaba, jita-jita tare da seedlings ya kamata a rufe shi da polyethylene ko an sanya shi gaba ɗaya cikin jakar filastik, idan girman kwandon ya ba da izini.
Ta wannan hanyar, an ƙirƙiri microclimate na musamman a cikin kwandon dasa, wanda baya bada izinin rage zafin jiki da ya cancanta don haɓaka shuka da bushewa daga ƙasa. Kowace rana yakamata ku kula da yadda fim ɗin yake. Idan manyan saukad da ruwa mai yawa suka tara akan sa, to lallai ne a dasa shuki a cikin huhu. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yin wannan:
- Kawai juya jaka a gefe guda kuma kunsa sake dasa shuki na fure fure.
- Bude jaka kuma ba da izinin ƙasa da kayan shuka don yin numfashi kaɗan (minti 20-30).
Idan tsaba basu yi tsiro ba tukuna kuma ƙasa ta bushe sosai, ana bada shawara don yin ta da shi ta amfani da mai toshe. Ba za ku iya shayar da 'ya'yan itacen furanni daga abin sha ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da lalacewa da mutuwar tsirrai.
Sanya kwantena tare da seedlings a cikin wurin da aka tsara. Yana da kyau cewa babu batura kusa da kwantena kuma hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya faɗo musu. Zai fi kyau yin shuka seedlings na furanni na shekara-shekara akan baranda da keɓe. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to za a iya sanya shelves na musamman akan taga ɗan ƙarami sama da matakin baturi (idan windows ba su fuskance gefen rana ba). In ba haka ba, zaku iya shirya gandun daji a kusurwa mai kyau na dakin. Ana nuna mafi kyawun zazzabi da haske a kan kunshin tare da tsaba.
Idan 'ya'yan itacen basu da isasshen haske, ana bada shawara a kunna fitilun da aka sanya a saman sa na awanni da yawa a rana. A zahiri, dole ne a kula da wannan batun tun gaba. LED fitilu tare da mafi yawan jan jaka ne manufa.
Mutane da yawa lambu fi son shuka seedlings na fure a cikin greenhouse samuwa a kan mãkirci. Don yin wannan, ana shuka tsaba a cikin bishiyoyin kore a farkon farkon Afrilu kuma ku kula da su daidai da duk ƙayyadaddun dokokin.
Iyakar abin da bambanci tsakanin hanyar greenhouse na girma seedlings daga gida shi ne rashin bukatar dasa bishiyoyi masu girma zuwa cikin tukwane daban. Rashin kyawun wannan hanyar ita ce kulawa da ƙwayar seedlings yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa koyaushe kuma kasancewa cikin gonar.
Daukar tsirrai
Lokacin da tsaba suka yi toho, kuma ganye masu yawa na gaske sun yi girma, ya kamata ku ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba na dasa shuki fure - saro.
Don yin wannan:
- Dangane da duk ka'idodin da ke sama, shirya kwantena daban da ƙasa;
- Dawo kayan aikin da ake bukata. Idan babu, to, zaku iya amfani da saita menicure na yau da kullun.
- Don shirya, zai fi dacewa dumama da ruwa ya zauna.
Dasa shuka furanni a cikin tukwane aiki ne mai ƙyalli da kayan ado. Wani fure mai tsiro tare da karamin adadin ƙasa an ja shi a hankali, ƙarshen tushen an pinched kadan, an saukar da shi cikin rami da aka yi a cikin ƙopin daban, yafa masa busasshiyar ƙasa kuma ana shayar da dukkan bangarorin. Ta wannan hanyar, tushen fure zai shiga cikin ƙasa kusan gabaɗaya, ban da duk wani lahani a ciki.
Wasu lambu sun fi son yin shuki daga bishiyoyin furanni na ba da bushewa a cikin ƙasa mai bushe, amma nan da nan a cikin rijiya mai da-ruwa. Wannan hanyar ta dace da tsarin tushen haɓaka mai zurfi kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin pinching.
Idan tsire-tsire sun yi rauni sosai, to, ba za ku iya dasa shuki ɗaya ba, amma a cikin kananan tsiwo. Wannan baya yarda mai tushe ya fashe kuma yana kawar da nauyi mai ƙarfi akan rhizome.
Kulawar ƙasa
Seedlings na furanni, kamar dukkan tsire-tsire na yau da kullun, suna buƙatar lokacin matsakaici na matsakaici, samun haske mai mahimmanci kuma, ba shakka, ciyar da akai. A cikin shagunan Botanical zaku iya sayan takaddun takaddun shuka na shukokin furanni, alal misali, Uniflor micro, Agricola.
Dole ne a yi suturar farko na tsirrai 2 zuwa 3 bayan an shuka sannan kuma da irin tazara.
Kullum ku kula da bayyanar alamun alamun seedlings. Mafi haɗari a gareta ita ce "black kafa".
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan cuta ta bayyana tare da tsananin overmoistening na kasar gona da matsanancin yanayi na yanayi mai yawa.
Alamar cutar baƙar fata mai kafaɗɗun fata sune:
- Discoloration na tushen tsiro zuwa launin ruwan kasa;
- Thinning na tushe na shuka;
- Sharparin raguwa mai haske a cikin launi mai haske na ganye.
Game da gano alamun farko na cutar:
- Cire tsire-tsire masu yaduwa daga akwati kai tsaye;
- Toara a cikin akwati tare da tsire-tsire na busassun yashi da lemun tsami;
- Don aiwatar da ƙasa da tsirrai tare da maganin bashin.
Wani muhimmin abokin gaba na shuki shuki fure ne mildew.
Shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa:
- Sun bambanta a cikin curryure na kara;
- Bayyanar fararen plaque a cikin ganyayyaki;
- Ganyayyaki na faduwa.
Don rabu da cutar, nemi mafita na tusheazole ko kuma maganin soda mai wadatarwa da alli.
Don kauce wa cututtuka na fure fure, ya zama dole don lokaci-lokaci fesa tsirrai da ƙasa a kusa da su tare da raunin bayani na potassiumgangan.
Domin cin gashin kansa na fure mai tsayi, da buƙatar ku ciyar da lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari. Kuna iya siyan kayan shuka da aka yi da shiri a cikin shagunan Botanical, amma a wannan yanayin babu wanda zai isa da laifin sayen abin da kuke so.
