150 g na kankana kawai ya isa don biyan bukatun yau da kullun mutum mai lafiya don maganin magnesium. A saukake, sinadarin magnesium a cikin kankana ya fi wadatar. Saboda haka, mutanen da ke fama da cutar hawan jini yakamata a hada su a cikin abincinsu.
Rashin daidaituwa na kankana shima ruwan shansa a zahiri ba ya dauke da acid na halitta da gishiri, wanda ba za a iya fada game da sauran berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa ba. Amma alkalis suna nan a ciki. Duk wannan ya sanya kankana da mamaki mai amfani ga tsarin urinary.
Saboda haka, nephrologists sau da yawa bayar da shawarar kankana ga waɗanda suke yiwuwa ga samuwar urate ko oxalate koda duwatsu. Idan kuma ya tsananta ta hanyar fitar da jaba, pyelonephritis, cystitis, kankana shima zai amfana.. Masana sun ba da shawara ku ci har kilo 2 na wannan abincin mai daɗi a kowace rana. Kuma don canji, zaku iya shan ruwan kankana - kofuna waɗanda ruwan 'ya'yan itace 2 cokali 1 na zuma.
100 grams na m ɓangaren litattafan almara m ya ƙunshi kawai adadin kuzari 38. Saboda haka, kankana yana da matukar kyau ga waɗanda suke son rasa nauyi. Ana iya amfani dashi don rage ci. Kankana da sauri yana ba da jin daɗin jin daɗi, ba tare da tsananta matsalar wuce kima ba.
Bugu da kari, akwai sinadarin folic acid a cikin kankana, wanda ke daidaita dabi'ar halittar kitse.
M BotMultichillT
Kankana talakawa (Citrúllus lanátus, ko Cucúrbita citrúllus, da Citrullus vulgáris) -An shuka tsiran gwaiba na dangin Pumpkin, gourd, shuka ce ta shekara-shekara. An girma saboda fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari, waɗanda suke manyan kabewa mai laushi mai yaduwa tare da ɓangaren litattafan danshi mai ɗumi, galibi mai haske mai launi. A halin yanzu girma a cikin ƙasashe 96 cikin nau'ikan sama da 1200.
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace ne kabewa. An yi imanin cewa ɗan itacen kankana itace, amma daga ra'ayi game da Botany, wannan ba daidai bane.
'Ya'yan itacen kankana suna da haushi, ɓangaren litattafan almara da mahaifa tare da tsaba. Haushi ya ƙunshi yawancin yadudduka. A saman shine epidermis, a ƙarƙashinsa akwai parenchyma mai ɗaukar chlorophyll. Tsaba suna warwatse ko'ina na ɓangaren litattafan almara. Tsaba suna karɓar abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar haɗarin jijiyoyin bugun gini.
Wurin haihuwa na kankana shine Afirka ta Kudu, inda har yanzu ake samun sa cikin daji. Tuni a cikin tsohuwar Misira, mutane sun sani kuma suka bunkasa wannan al'ada. Kankana ana sanya kankana a cikin qabarin magabatan a matsayin tushen abinci a rayuwarsu bayan rayuwa. An kawo kankana a Yammacin Turai a lokacin Jihadi, kuma ya fito ne kawai a cikin Rasha a karni na 17.
© Shu Suehiro
Shuka seedlings
An shuka tsaba kankana bayan 20 ga Afrilu a cikin kwantena domin bayan kwanaki 25-30 ana iya dasa shuki a ƙasa. An shirya cakuda mai gina jiki daga humus, peat da woody ƙasa (2: 1: 1), da -1% itace ash da 3% superphosphate. A cikin kwantena - tukwane an shuka tsaba 1-2, an rufe su da fim. Kwanakin farko na farko na 2-3 suna kula da yawan zafin jiki + digiri 20-23. Tare da shigowar harbe, an cire tsari kuma zazzage saukar da zafin jiki zuwa + 15 ... +18 digiri, don kada thean itacen su shimfiɗa.
Mean itacen kankana yana buƙatar haske mai kyau, saboda haka yana da kyau a sanya tukwane akan taga mai haske ko kuma haskaka shuka da fitilun fitilu na musamman. Ya kamata a shayar da su da ruwa mai dumi - akai-akai da matsakaici, tun da yawan danshi na iya haifar da cututtuka da mutuwar tsirrai daga ƙafafun baƙar fata.
Lokacin da ganye na farko na gaskiya ya bayyana, yana da kyau a ciyar da seedlings tare da jiko na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye (1:12), ƙara superphosphate (2g a kowace lita 1). Lokaci na biyu, bayan makonni 1.5-2, kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, tare da mafita na takin mai magani (a kowace lita 1 na ruwa -1 g na ammonium nitrate, 2 g na superphosphate, 1.5 g na potassium chloride), yana kashe 250 ml ga kowace shuka.
Shirya shafin
Tsarin kankana yakamata a kiyaye shi daga arewa da arewa maso gabas daga iska mai sanyi. A shuka fi son yashi da yashi kasa loamy kasa mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Mai nauyi, clayey, waterlogged - bai dace ba. Yankin da aka tono, ciyawar da ba shi da ciyawar zai fara zama a cikin kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasawa - yawanci a rabin Mayu na biyu. Sun tono rami mai zurfi na 30-40 cm zurfi da fadi, saka taki a ƙasan kuma ya cika shi da ƙasa. Kuna iya rufe shi da fim ɗin baƙar fata don ƙasa ta cika ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma shirya arcs, ja fim ɗin filastik amintacce kuma yayyafa gefuna kafin dasa.
Shuka seedlings
A Hauwa'u na seedlings ya kamata a shayar sosai, kuma kasar gona kwance ga zurfin dasa. A cikin gidan kore, ana shuka tsire-tsire a nesa na 30-40 cm daga juna kuma 60-70 cm a jere. A cikin bude ƙasa, nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama akalla 2 m, tunda kankana yana da lashes mai tsawo.
Lokacin dasawa, baza ku iya zurfafa tushen wuyan tsire-tsire ba!
A rana mai zafi, ana shuka shuka mafi kyau da rana. Idan yana da zafi, tsire-tsire suna inuwa da takarda. Rijiyoyin suna shayar da ruwa sosai sannan kuma a ɗan shayar da dusar ƙanƙan da ke kewaye da tsire-tsire. A ƙarshen aikin, ana rufe dafin gidan kore sosai, kuma a cikin buɗe ƙasa, fim ɗin da ke kan shingen an sake saukar da shi kuma an yayyafa gefuna tare da ƙasa don ƙirƙirar microclimate wanda zai ba da damar seedlings su yi tushe sosai da sauri. A cikin mako, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kowace rana (matsakaici, 0.5 l na ruwa kowace rana), mafi yawan lokuta a cikin yanayin zafi da bushewa. A cikin kore, yayin da suke girma, suna ɗaure zuwa trellis.
Kulawa
Ilasa don kankana yana buƙatar haske, hatsi, ingantaccen acidity - pH 6.5-7.5. Kafin dasa shuki, kasar gona ta cika da kwayoyin halitta: tataccen ciyawa ko peat (4-5 kilogram a 1 sq. M). Fresh taki, musamman a cikin manyan allurai, yana raunana juriya da kwayar cutar. Lokacin da ake amfani da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus (20-25 g na superphosphate, 15-20 g na potassium g da 1 sq M), haɓaka yana haɓaka, lokaci yana farawa a tsakanin furanni, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun haɗu tare.
Ana yin sutturar farko ta sati biyu bayan dasawa, na biyu - a cikin tsarin budding. Bayan hadi, an shayar da qasa.
Kankana yana haɓaka tushen tushen iko, mai iya cire danshi daga ƙasa bushe. Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa ba kwa buƙatar shayar da shi - kuna buƙatar shi, amma a cikin matsakaici. Sabili da haka 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu daɗi ne, a lokacin theya ityan itace yana wajaba a rage ruwa, kuma a dakatar da shi gabaɗa.
A tsakiyar layi, watermelons za a iya girma ko dai a cikin greenhouse (akan trellises) ko a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin fim (a watsa). A cikin kore, ana ɗaure tsire-tsire a tsaye - wannan yana inganta haske, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa sun zama mafi dadi. Amma tare da wannan tsari, watermelons an dakatar da su a cikin raga, in ba haka ba tushe mai sihiri ba zai iya tsayar da kaya ba kuma ya yanke. An kafa shuka a cikin tushe guda ɗaya, ana cire lashes na farko a cikin farkonn internlines ɗin shida, a sauran ragowar bayan ganye na huɗu. Lokacin da aka kirkiro peakuna uku zuwa hudu kuma sun isa girman irin goro, to, ku sa babban babban abu (bayan 'ya'yan itace na ƙarshe sun bar ganye huɗu zuwa biyar) kuma cire duk harbe marasa amfani.
Kuma wata muhimmiyar yanayin: da greenhouse yana buƙatar ya kasance da iska mai kyau, lura da kullun, kamar yadda 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu iya lalacewa saboda ƙwanƙwasa.
Lokacin girma tsire-tsire a cikin yaduwar, ana aika lashes tare da tsari na tsari don ba a haɗa su da yawa. Chanƙaɗe leɓunansu bayan ganye na huɗu ko na biyar, kuma a sa ƙananan sanduna ko wasu kayan da ba a jujjuya su ba a ƙarƙashin 'ya'yan itacen.
Watermelons kwari ne ke sanyawa, amma a ranakun girgije ne basa tashi, don haka furannin mata zasu zama da karfi da karfi, yin jigilar pollen zuwa pistil na wata mace mace.
Biso
Ikon cutar da rigakafin cutar
Janar hanyoyin kariya
- Sako lalata
- Ana cire matattun tsire-tsire
- Tsarkakewa bayan mun girbe 'ya'yan itaciya, ganye.
- Zabi don dasa kayan dasa kayan lafiya,
- Yarda da juyawa amfanin gona.
Lokacin girma watermelons a cikin greenhouses, ya zama dole don tsare iska ta tsari, don hana canje-canje kwatsam cikin zafin rana dare da rana. Ilsasa ƙasa kowace shekara, ɓarke ɓarna, Frames.
Powdery mildew ya bayyana a kan shuka a cikin nau'i na kananan fararen powdery spots a saman, sannan kuma a gefen ƙananan ganye da akan kara. Ganye ya shafa ya zama rawaya ya mutu, tare da babban ci gaba na cutar, 'ya'yan itãcen za a iya shafa. A farkon alamun cutar, ya kamata a yayyafa tsire-tsire tare da jiko na kwana uku na mullein (1: 3), diluted da ruwa (1: 3). Idan cutar ta yi tsanani, a kula da tsiron sau uku: na farko bayan kwanaki 2-3, sannan bayan kwana 10.
Anthracnose halayyar tsire-tsire na kore, da wuya a samu a buɗe ƙasa. Rawaya mai launin shuɗi, mai zagaye, maimakon manyan aibobi akan ganye. A kan petioles, mai tushe da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, aibobi na ciki sun bayyana a cikin hanyar ulcers tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Lokacin da muhimmin ɓangare na tushe yana lalacewa, tsire-tsire sukan mutu sau da yawa. Haɓaka cutar ta taimaka ga yawan zafi da zazzabi. Yankunan da abin ya shafa ya kamata a kula dasu da baƙin ƙarfe, lemun tsami, alli, pre-wetting raunuka tare da maganin 0.5% na sulfate na tagulla.
Man zaitun yana shafar dukkanin shuka. M m bayyana a kan 'ya'yan itãcen, wanda sai ya zama haske launin sores tare da sporulation na zaitun zaitun. A iyakar lafiyar lafiya da ƙwayar cuta, ana fitar da ruwa mai narkewa. Fruitsa fruitsan da aka shafa sun rasa ingancin kasuwanci, kuma ƙwayoyin suna mutu. A petioles da mai tushe, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar sores, launin ruwan kasa da aibobi akan ganye. Bayan gano cutar, sai an cire mahaifa mara lafiya. A cikin gidajen katako ba sa izinin zazzabi ƙasa da digiri +17., Kula da yanayin zafi iska har zuwa 70%.
Kwayar cuta a cikin ganyayyaki ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na angular spots na launin ruwan kasa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin siffar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, sau da yawa tare da ƙwayar gelatinous. Lokacin da alamun farko na cutar suka bayyana, ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da maganin 1% na ruwa na Bordeaux ko chloride na jan karfe.
Babban lahani ga watermelons an yi shi ne a cikin gidajen katako da hotbeds ta guna da gourds da kuma gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace, suna huda fata na ganye, wanda ganyen ya koma launin rawaya ya bushe. Tare da mummunan shan kashi, tsire-tsire sun mutu.
Don sarrafa kwari, zaka iya amfani da kayan ado ko infusions na chamomile, kantin magani, ƙwayar dankalin turawa masu lafiya, fipe talakawa.
© L.m.k
Iri daban-daban
A farkon cikakke iri na kankana
Rose na kudu maso gabas.
Shuka tayi girma. Tsawon babban lash shine 2 m ko fiye. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da sihiri mai zurfi da sihiri mai zurfi, yana nauyi kilogiram 2.5-3.6. Fuskar ta yadu ko dadi, a wasu shekaru ana iya yin fashewa, asalin baya haske ne mai kyau, tsarin ya zama yadudduka kore bakin da yake kusan rufe bango. Bark na matsakaici kauri (har zuwa 1.5 cm), m. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne carmine ja, alkama, m, mai dadi. Ya ƙunshi batun bushe - 8.6-13%, sugars - 7.9-9.6%, bitamin C 4.4-5.1 mg%; dandano na tayin shine maki 4.4-4.8. Tsaba na girman matsakaici (1.3-1.5 cm tsayi), launin shuɗi, launin nauyin 44-46 g a cikin 'ya'yan itace ɗaya. Daga cikakken germination zuwa farkon girbi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 78-83. Yawan aiki shine 1.9-2.6 kg / m2. Powdery mildew da fusarium za, bambancin ya shafa a matsakaici mai tsauri.
Stokes 647/649.
Daya daga cikin wanda ya fi so. Itace mai gajere-gashi - tsawon babban faifan shine 1-1.5 m. 'Ya'yan itace karami ne, mai nauyin kilogram 1.4-2. Fuskar ta yi laushi, tushen baya duhu ne, abin kwaikwaya mai duhu ne mai ratsa duhu wadanda suke wahalar bambancewa daga bango. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne orange-ja, m, m, matsakaici mai dadi. Ya ƙunshi kayan bushewa - 7.4-9%, sugars - 6.3-7%; dandano na tayin shine maki 4-4.5. Yawan aiki shine 1.3-2.1 kg / m2. T
Iuman Marmari Tsakanin Kankana
Fi so a cikin Farm Pyatigorsk 286.
Matsakaici da wuri ko farkon cikakke, dangane da yankin. Lokacin shuka iri shine Mayu 3-10 bisa ga tsarin 1.4 × 1.4 m ko 2.1 × 1 m. Siffofin kulawa: nasara ta lokaci biyu, shayarwa, 5-6 kwance cikin layuka. Srednepletisty - tsawon babban faifan ya kai mita 2. 'Ya'yan itacen suna daɗaɗɗen fata, ɗanɗano daga walƙiya zuwa ƙarshen furen, yana nauyin kilogram 3.4-4.5. Fuskar ta yi laushi, tushen baya duhu ne, yanayin kunkuntar launin kore-kore ne da wuya mai yaduwa. Haushi yana da bakin ciki (har zuwa 1 cm), fata. Namijin yana da tsananin ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda-ja, mai taushi, mai kamshi, mai daɗi. Ya ƙunshi kwayoyin bushe - 9.7-11.3%, sugars - 7.9-8.8%, bitamin C - 6.9-8.4 mg%; dandano na tayin shine maki 4-4.4. Tsaba na girman matsakaici (har zuwa 1.3 cm a tsayi), santsi, cream tare da baki baki da hanci. Daga cikakken germination zuwa farkon girbi, kwanaki 75-90 wuce. Yawan sarrafawa shine 1.5-2.8 kg / m2. Foda-ciki na mildew da fusarium za a shafa nau'in zuwa matsakaici matsakaici.
Yankin tsakiyar-irin nau'in kabewa
Astrakhan.
Buƙatar zafi a duk lokacin girma. Dankin yana da hawa hawa-dogo, na matsakaici. 'Ya'yan itacen yana daɗaɗɗe, ɗan ƙaramin abu mai sauƙi daga tushe zuwa ƙarshen fure, an ɗanɗana shi, wani lokacin bututun mai, kilogram 3.4-5.1. Bango shine haske mai launin kore da kore, abin kwaikwaya shine ratsin launuka masu duhu mai kauri daga matsakaici. Haushi ya yi kauri - har zuwa 2 cm, na roba, mai yawa. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne lokacin farin ciki ruwan hoda, m-grained, m, mai dadi. Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa wani lokacin kan zama voids, amma wannan ba ya shafar dandano. Tsaba suna da fadi, launin ruwan kasa, masu nauyi zuwa 40 g daga 'ya'yan itacen guda daya. Ya ƙunshi batun bushewa - 8.2-11.4%, sugars -7-9%, bitamin C - 6.6-8.7 mg%; dandano - maki 4-4.8. Daga cikakken tsiro zuwa girbin farko, kwanaki 86-93. Yawancin yana shafar Fusarium zaƙi da mildew powdery a tsakiya, anthracnose - zuwa ɗan kaɗan.
Melitopol 142.
Shuka tayi girma. Tsawon babban lash shine 3 m ko fiye. 'Ya'yan itacen sunada girma, mai nauyin kilogram 4.4-5.2. Fuskar tana da rauni sosai, bango ne mai launin kore, abin kwaikwaya shine duhu mai launin kore mai yaduwar yaduwar matsakaici. Barkarin matsakaici mai kauri (1-1.5 cm), mai wuya. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m ruwan hoda da rasberi, hatsi, mai dadi sosai, m, matsakaici-m. Ya ƙunshi kwayoyin bushe - 8.7-9.9%, sugars - 7.9-9.5%, bitamin C - 6.1-10.2 mg%; kyakkyawan dandano - maki 4.1-5. Tsaba suna da fadi, girman matsakaici (1-1.3 cm a tsayi), santsi, ja, ba tare da tsari ba. Daga cikakken germination zuwa farkon girbi, kwanaki 85-102 wuce. Yawan aiki 1,6-3,2 kg / m2.
An ɗauka cewa kankana tebur a cikin tsari wanda muka san shi yanzu an ƙirƙiri shi a zamanin da tsoffin masu shayarwa daga Kudancin Asiya ko Northeast Africa. Daga nan kuma sai ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, har ya kai ga iyakokinmu.
