Cineraria

Cineraria (Cineraria) asalin halittar tsirrai ne mallakar gidan Aster ko Asteraceae. 'Yan lambu suna noma nau'ikan silima da nau'ikan gidan ceneraria na godson (Senecio), waɗanda membobin gidan asters ne, waɗanda wakilai ne na dangin taurari. Halin cineraria ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 50 waɗanda aka samo su a cikin yanayi, yayin da bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, akwai nau'ikan jinsin dabbobi dubu daya da dubu dari uku. A ƙasa za muyi magana game da nau'ikan cineraria da na yara, waɗanda suka fi shahara tsakanin masu lambu.

A cikin Latin, cineraria tana nufin "ashen." An wakilta ta bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire herbaceous. A cikin daji, ana iya haɗuwa da irin wannan fure kawai a yankuna masu zafi na Afirka da Madagascar. A gida, kawai cineraria na jini (Cineraria cruenta), wanda kuma ana kiranta cineraria matasan (Cineraria hybrida), yana girma, amma a zahiri wannan tsire shine giciye mai hade. A cikin aikin gona, ana shuka wannan tsiro ne azaman shekara-shekara ko biennial. Tsawon daji tare da harbe harbe mai zurfi shine 30-90 santimita. Manyan faranti na ganye a tsaye suna kamar siffa-fure mai fasali, a cikin jinsunan da yawa ana rarraba su sosai. A saman foliage da harbe akwai pubescence. Abun ƙarshen ƙarshen corymbose inflorescences ya hada da terry ko kwanduna mai sauƙi tare da furanni na lingual, da fararen fari, shunayya, ja da launin shuɗi. Sun kewaye tsibiri mai ruwan fure mai launin shuɗi. Ana lura da ruwa daga rabin na biyu na Yuni har sai sanyi na farko.

Girma cineraria daga tsaba

Shuka

Don haɓaka cineraria daga tsaba, da farko kuna buƙatar siyan su. Ana iya yin wannan a cikin shagon fure, tunda a cikin gidajen lambun irin wannan shuka za'a iya haɗuwa da ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Tsaba suna da kyau sosai. An bada shawara don shuka tsaba don shuka a cikin kwanakin farko na Afrilu. Don yin wannan, kwandon dole ne a cika da peat gauraye da yashi (1: 1). Shuka ne da za'ayi a farfajiya na substrate, da tsaba ba a binne. Bayan shuka, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar mai mulkin katako kuma kuyi murfin dutsen. Bayan wannan, dole ne a shayar da seedlings tare da mai sprayer ko ta amfani da ƙananan hanyar. Dole a rufe kwandon da gilashin gaskiya.

'Yayan itace

'Ya'yan fari na farko, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna bayyana bayan makonni 1-1.5. Bayan wannan, dole ne a motsa kwandon zuwa wani wuri mai ingantaccen haske. Ana ɗaukar tukwane a cikin tukwane bayan an kafa ganyayyaki 2 na ainihi akan tsire-tsire. A lokacin nutsewa, ya kamata a cire shuka a hankali tare da dunƙule na ƙurar ƙasa. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da alkama na peat a matsayin ganga; Sakamakon haka, yayin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe matsaloli da yawa ba su da yawa. Tare da kyakkyawan kula da seedlings a cikin lambu, zaku dasa shuki matasa masu iko.

Sauke cineraria a bude take

Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa

Koyar da irin wannan fure ba mai wahala ba ne, musamman idan kun san ka'idodi na kulawa da shi. An bada shawara don zaɓar yankin da yake da rana, amma kar ku manta cewa a lokacin cin abincin rana irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar shading. Wellasan da ya dace sosai, cike da sinadarai, tsaka tsaki ko ƙarancin alkaline. Za'a iya aiwatar da dasa shuki na seedlingsan seedlings ne kawai bayan babu barazanar sanyi da daddare, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Mayu.

Yadda ake shuka

Dasa a cikin ƙasa na wannan tsiron kusan ba shi da bambanci da dasa sauran tsirrai. Nisa tsakanin ramuka ya kamata ya zama daga santimita 20 zuwa 25. Ana saukowa ƙasa tare da dunƙule mai ƙura. Lokacin da aka dasa cineraria, to, haɗa ƙasa kuma ba da ruwa. A cikin taron cewa akwai haɗarin sanyi da daddare, sannan da yamma, ya kamata a rufe shuka da lutrasil ko spanbond, kuma da safe - tsabtace shi.

Siffofin Kulawa

Ba shi da wahala a kula da wannan fure, amma yana da mahimmanci a shayar da shi daidai. Tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, cineraria ta zama mai rauni, kuma idan akwai danshi mai yawa, to rot zai fara bayyana akan tsarin tushe. Ya kamata a tuna cewa kusan dukkanin nau'ikan wannan shuka suna tsayayya wa fari kuma galibi suna da isasshen ruwan sama. Bayan an shayar da shuka ko ruwan sama, dole ne a kwance farfajiyar ƙasa, yayin cire ciyawar ciyawar da take akwai. Lokacin da furanni suka fara bushewa, dole ne a yanke su, a sakamakon wannan cineraria zai yi fure sosai. Ana ciyar da ciyar da 2 ko sau 3 cikin makonni 4 kuma ana amfani da ma'adinan ma'adinai don wannan. Abubuwa na ado na kayan fure suna buƙatar ciyar da lokaci 1 cikin kwana 7 ta amfani da ma'adinan da ake buƙata da takin gargajiya. Idan kuna da kyan gani-deciduous, to sai a yanke alluran a wannan yanayin da zaran sun bayyana.

Sake bugun cineraria

Yadda za a shuka tsiro daga zuriya ana baiyana a sama, duk da haka, nau'in kayan ado-fure ne kawai za a iya yaduwa ta wannan hanyar. Hakanan za'a iya yadu da nau'ikan fure na kayan kwalliya ta hanyoyin ciyayi. Seaside cineraria (Cineraria maritima), alal misali, za a iya yada shi a lokacin bazara ta hanyar girke santimita goma. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar "katako" (akwati mai ɗaukar hoto), a cikin abin da za a dasa tsiron. Irin wannan karbuwa wajibi ne don yana yiwuwa a sauƙaƙe cire matasa plantlets (cuttings) daga tsakar rana kai tsaye. Don yin shi, kuna buƙatar allon da plywood. A kasan, kar a manta yin ramuka don magudanar ruwa. Sannan wani santimita mai santimita goma na filayen da aka haɗe da yashi ana zuba, a saman akwai rufin ruwan yashi mai kauri (kauri santimita 5-7). Ya kamata a zartar da farfajiya kuma ya kamata a zuba ruwa da ruwa tare da maganin zarton ruwan manganese ruwan hoda. Tsara yanke wannan tsiran a ƙasa tushen tushe, sai a nutsar da shi a cikin ɗanɗano a cikin “cuticle” kuma a shayar da ƙasa kusa da ita kaɗan. Bayan wannan, an rufe hannun da gilashin filastik mai dunƙulen hannu, dan kadan yana ɗora shi a cikin yashi. Wannan tsari za'a iya cire shi kawai bayan cikakken tushen. Idan ya cancanta, shayar da ƙasa a saman kwalabe ya kamata a za'ayi sau 2 a rana. Tushen tsire-tsire masu tushe suna buƙatar fara saba da yanayin waje, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar cire kwalabe daga gare su kullun don 1-2 hours. Bayan wani lokaci, ana buƙatar cire mafaka don kyakkyawa kuma yana da kyau a yi shi lokacin da yake hadari ko ruwan sama. Don lokacin hunturu, ana sanya cuttings a cikin daki mai sanyi, ba tare da cire su daga "cuticle" ba. A cikin bazara, ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa bude.

Cutar da kwari

Cineraria na kayan ado yana da saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ta mildew ko tsatsa (tare da zafi da zafi), kuma aphids da kwandon gizo-gizo ma zasu iya warware ta. Tunda waɗannan furanni suna da ɗimbin yawa, zai zama da sauƙin hana kamuwa da cuta fiye da warkar da cutar. Ana amfani da magungunan kwari don kashe kwari. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa dukkan nau'ikan wannan shuka suna tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari.

Bayan fure

An riga an ambata a sama cewa wannan tsire-tsire mai fure mai ban sha'awa a cikin matsakaiciyar matsakaici shine ke shuka ta hanyar lambu a matsayin shekara shekara. A wannan batun, bayan faduwarsa, lalacewa kawai yake. Koyaya, nau'ikan ado da ƙoshinsu abu ne mai yiwuwa a adana har zuwa shekara mai zuwa. Don yin wannan, dole ne su kasance a shirye don hunturu, wato, bushes na shuka buƙatar rufe shi da wani ganye na busassun ganye. A cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar cire foliage, sannan ku yanke sassan da aka daskarewa daga silima, saboda suna iya hana harbe matasa girma. Haka kuma akwai hanya ta biyu da zata taimaka ci gaba da wannan shuka har zuwa lokacin bazara. A cikin kaka, yakamata a watsa shi cikin tukunyar filawa, sannan a canza shi zuwa ɗakin da yake cike da wadatar ɗakin. Tare da zuwan bazara mai zuwa, kawai kuna buƙatar dasa wannan fure zuwa cikin ƙasa.

Babban nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan hotuna

Duk nau'ikan wannan shuka, wanda 'yan lambu da mai furanni ke nomawa, sun kasu gida biyu. Na farkon su shine fure mai ado. Irin wannan cineraria, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana horar da mafi yawan sashi a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Rukuni na biyu shine kayan fure. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna girma kamar tsire-tsire na cikin gida.

Cineraria seaside (cineraria maritima)

Ana kuma kiranta silima na zinari, silima na zinari ko gwal. Wannan tsire-tsire na ado da deciduous ne perennial. Abun da ke ciki na tushen kayan masarufi ya ƙunshi faranti na ganye da launin launi mai launin kore-sabon abu. Wannan nau'in sanannen ya shahara a zanen ƙasa. Gaskiyar ita ce kyakkyawar bango ga sauran ganye, har ma da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da furanni masu launi mai haske, cike da launi. Hakanan, ana iya kiran wannan nau'in "ƙura ta azurfar." Mafi mashahuri iri sune:

"Dust Azkar"- Irin wannan karamin bushes din yana da karamin tsayi da kuma yadin faranti.
"Cirrus"- irin wannan daji yana da tsayi mai tsayi idan aka kwatanta shi da na baya, kuma akan bishiyoyin da suke cike da busassun ganye.

Hyine Cineraria (Cineraria matasan)

Wanda kuma ake kira ja cineraria ja, ko cineraria mai jini - irin wannan shuka mai tsini shine ado-fure. Wani daji na iya samun tsayin kusan santimita 30 har ma da ƙari. Babban faranti masu zagaye zagaye suna da tsawon santimita 10-20. A bango na kyawawan ganye, furanni masu haske waɗanda suka yi kama da waɗanda suka yi kama da su da sirsis ko kayan zaki. Mafi mashahuri iri sune:

Grandiflora - daji yana da tsawon santimita 50 zuwa 70. Furanni suna da yawa kuma suna da faɗin inci 5-8.
Sau biyu - bushes na iya samun tsawo na 35-70 santimita, furanni suna da girman santimita biyar.
Saka - bushes suna da tsayi sosai (70-90 santimita), kuma diamita na fure shine 2-4 santimita.
Rashin tausayi - An bambanta wannan shuka ta gaskiyar cewa ana iya fentin furanninta a cikin haɗuwa iri-iri na tabarau mai launi.

Kyakkyawan silima (Senecio elegans)

Tsawon suturar da aka suturta ta kusan santimita 60 ne, a saman fuskarta akwai fitsari da kuma gashi, a jikin faranti. Furanni na iya zama terry ko mai sauƙi. Su ɓangare ne na kwanduna, waɗanda sune ɓangaren inflorescences tare da siffar corymbose. Fulawa tayi har zuwa farkon sanyi. Popular iri: