Schisandra Schisandra itaciya ce ta itacen inabi daga dangin Schisandra, wacce aka yi amfani da ita sosai a China, Japan, Korea, har ma da yawancin yankuna da yankuna na Rasha, gami da Yankin Moscow. A cikin asalin ire-iren wadannan albarkatun gona masu rikitarwa, akwai kusan nau'ikan dozin guda biyu, amma itacen lemun tsami shine yafi shahara.
Abubuwa masu banbanci na lemongrass sune dogayen saƙa, dogaye 15 a tsayi, tare da laushi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, launuka masu ƙanshi na launin koren duhu, fararen-ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da furanni masu launin ja - 'ya'yan itace tare da tsaba a ciki. Lokacin fure bai wuce sati biyu ba yana farawa a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Ana yin girbi a farkon kaka. An bada shawarar kare amfanin gona na yara daga hunturu sanyi tare da wani ganye na fadi da rassa; gandun daji ba sa bukatar wannan. Berries, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ganyayyaki da haushi na lemongrass suna da halaye masu kyau da warkarwa. Ana amfani dasu a cikin maganin gargajiya, a cikin shirye-shiryen sha, kayan zaki, da kuma masana'antar sarrafa abinci.
Schisandra chinensis shine kawai jinsin da aka girma cikin al'ada kuma an san shi don nau'ikansa "bornan fari" da "Lamb 1". Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna da sanyi-da-saurin girma. Bornan fari "ana rarrabe su ta wurin manyan fruitsa ,an itace, tsiwirwirinsu na tsakiya da kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka da kwari," Sadovy 1 "yana kawo girbin wadataccen ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗorewa da ƙanshi mai daɗi da m.
Dasa lemongrass a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Kwanaki, wuri da kuma makircin saukowa
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka Schisandra a cikin yankuna masu dumi shine Satumba-Oktoba, a wasu yankuna lokacin bazara zai fi dacewa - ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu. Wurin da aka zaɓa don amfanin gona yakamata a kiyaye shi daga iska mai ƙarfi na iska da sanyi, tare da kyakkyawan hasken rana. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon ana iya samun kimanin mita ɗaya da rabi daga ginin. Nisa tsakanin tsawan shine 80-100 cm.
Preparationasa shiri, zaɓi da dasa shuki
Makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shirya ramuka na dasa shuki da nisan kusan 70 cm da zurfin kusan 40 cm. Daga tubalin da ya fashe ko ƙaramin tsakuwa, ana saka matattarar magudanar ruwa mai kauri kusan cm 10 a gindin sauran sararin a ramin cike yake da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman , ya kunshi daidaitattun sassa na overripe humus da takin, ganye da sod ƙasa, superphosphate (200 g) da itacen ash (500 g). Har zuwa ranar dasawa, ƙasa zata zauna dan kadan ta zama ƙasa mai kyau.
Lokacin zabar tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar kula da halaye na waje masu mahimmanci:
- Shekaru - shekaru 2-3;
- Tsawon - 10-15 cm;
- Tushen tushen lafiya kuma yana da haɓaka.
An sanya seedling a tsakiyar ramin, Tushen an shimfiɗa shi bisa ƙasa kuma yayyafa shi da ƙasa domin tushen wuyansa ya kasance daidai da matakin ƙasa. Nan da nan bayan dasa, ana amfani da yawan ruwa a cikin akwati da aka gina da'irar tare da karamin murɗa yumbu tare da gefen (kimanin 10 cm). Bayan shayar da ruwa ban ruwa, an rufe ƙasa da ciyawa daga humus ko takin.
Kula da lemongrass a cikin lambun
Watering da spraying
Ana shawarar yin ban ruwa a cikin da'irar-kusa, yawan ruwan ban ruwa yana da matsakaici. A ranakun zafi mai zafi, za a buƙaci ƙarin hydration a cikin nau'in spraying na ganye taro. Ana ba da shawarar wannan maganin ruwa don al'adun matasa da manya. Ya kamata ruwa ya zama mai dumi kuma ya zauna, yana yiwuwa a bar kwantena tare da ruwa ban ruwa a cikin rana bude don dumama. Itace mai girma yana buƙatar buhun ruwa kusan 5-6 na ruwa.
Careasa kulawa
Requiresasa tana buƙatar ƙazanta na yau da kullun da ƙananan kwance. Don kula da matsakaici matsakaici kuma azaman ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, zaku iya amfani da maɓallin mulching na humus ko takin da aka juya.
Aikace-aikacen taki
A cikin shekaru biyu na farko bayan dasawa, ba a buƙatar ƙarin miya don lemongrass. Da takin mai magani yana fara aiki ne kawai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. A cikin kakar, an bada shawarar amfani da sutura masu manyan launuka uku - na bazara, bazara da kaka. Bayan kowane ɗayansu, lallai ne an cika ƙasa da ruwan ban ruwa mai dumi.
- A cikin bazara (kamar a farkon watan Afrilu) - 20-30 g na saltpeter.
- A lokacin rani (tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 15-20) - maganin maganin tsintsayen tsuntsaye (a kowace lita 20 na ruwa - 1 kg) ko kuma maganin mullein (a kowace lita 10 na ruwa - 1 kg).
- A cikin bazara, an gabatar da cakuda superphosphate (20 g) da katako mai itace (100 g) cikin da'irar kusa da kowane daji zuwa zurfin kusan santimita goma.
Shigarwa na tallafi
An ba da shawarar yin amfani da ladabi da ladanai da kansa don haɓaka lemongrass, saboda wannan jeri yana taimaka wa shuka su koyi yawancin hasken rana da zafi kuma yana da fa'ida a kan inganci da yalwar 'ya'yan itatuwa. Schisandra ba tare da tallafi ba yana girma kamar ƙazamin daji na ƙanana kaɗan kuma sau da yawa ba ya ba da 'ya'ya. Dole ne a shigar da irin wannan ginin mai mahimmanci a farkon farkon girma da ƙanshi mai ƙoshin lafiya.
Don ƙirar trellis zai buƙaci dogayen sanda (tsayi daga 2.5 zuwa 3 m) da waya mai ƙarfe. Kowane shafi an haƙa shi cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan 60 cm, tare da tazara tsakanin 2.5-3 m daga juna. An saita waya a kan dogayen sanda har ma a layuka a tsayi na 50 cm, 1.5 m da 2.5 m daga ƙasa. An ɗaure ƙananan ƙwayar da farko zuwa waya mafi kusa, sannan, yayin da suke girma, ga kowane ɗayan gaba.
Idan lemongrass yayi girma kusa da bango na gida ko wani ginin, to, a maimakon trellis, zaku iya gina ladabi na katako kuma shigar da su a cikin wani tsari kusa da ginin. Irin wannan tallafin zai kuma tallafawa ci gaban harbe na lemongrass.
Mai jan tsami
A cikin shekaru biyu na farko bayan dasa shuki seedlings, samuwar da karuwar ci gaban tushen yana faruwa sabili da haka ba a buƙatar pruning a wannan lokacin. Farawa daga shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, harbe filayen suna girma a cikin babban sauri, kuma tsarin girbi ya zama mai dacewa. Tare da ƙaƙƙarfan al'ada mai kauri, za a iya yanke harbe a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, amma wannan ya fi kyau a cikin kaka. A kowane daji, wajibi ne don barin daga harbe 3 zuwa 6, kuma an cire sauran gaba daya zuwa matakin ƙasa. Cire lemongrass harbe a cikin hunturu da bazara (aiki SAP kwarara) yana contraindicated, kamar yadda shuka na iya mutu.
Ana bada shawarar rigakafin tsufa don Schisandra na manya, rassan wanda zasu kai shekaru 15-18. Ana iya aiwatar da pruning na tsabtace tsabtace cikin lokacin dumi. Amfanin gona dole ne a sami 'yanci daga rassa masu lalacewa da bushewa, daga kananan kwari da marassa lafiya, haka kuma daga harbe-fito na yau da kullun. Ana buƙatar tsari na gaggawa lokacin da kwari ko cututtuka suka bayyana.
Juyawa
Juyayi wa lemongrass yayi da yawa kuma yana ɗaukar nauyi. Florists da kuma lambu ba su bayar da shawarar tura filaye ba tare da buƙatar musamman ba. Ko da irin wannan hanyar yaduwa kamar tushen tushen ba a amfani da shi a wannan yanayin, don kada tushen shuka ya bushe lokacin da aka cire shi daga ƙasa. Idan halin da ake ciki shine cewa ana buƙatar dasa shuka zuwa wani wuri, to sai a yi ƙoƙarin tura shi da wuri-wuri, tunda lemongrass yana fama da wahalar ɓangaren tushen. Wajibi ne a shirya ramin dasa shuki da cakuda ƙasa a gaba, kuma kawai sai a tono shuka.
Hanyar yaduwa na lemongrass
Tsarin iri
Ana iya dasa tsaba a cikin kaka da bazara. A cikin kaka, an yanyanka 'ya'yan itace da aka zaba a ƙasa. Bayan wintered a cikin ƙasa, a cikin bazara za su bayar da harbe. A lokacin dasa shuki, an shirya irin tsaba da aka daidaita kwanaki sittin a cikin kwalaye dasa tare da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman zuwa zurfin kusan 5 mm, an rufe shi da takarda kuma ana aiwatar da ban ruwa yau da kullun har sai fitowar su. Harbi zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-15. Matasa masu taushi bai kamata a fallasa su ga hasken rana kai tsaye ba. A matsayin prophylaxis kuma don kamuwa da cuta, ana shayar da seedlings tare da maganin manganese mai rauni. Bayan bayyanar ganye na 3-4 cike, ana jujjuya ƙwayoyin zuwa wasu kwantena masu fili kuma ana shuka su a nesa na 5-6 cm daga juna.
Matasa lemongrass za a iya canjawa wuri zuwa bude ƙasa a farkon Yuni, bayan na farko hankali hankali shuke-shuke bude iska da hardening. Ya kamata a buɗe gadaje mai buɗewa a cikin inuwa m, tazara tsakanin ciyayi shine cm 10 ko fiye .. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko, ana bada shawara don amfani da ƙarin tsari don amfanin gona na matasa don lokacin hunturu. A matsayin kayan rufewa, zaku iya ɗaukar ganye da kuma rassan spruce. Lokacin da tsire-tsire sun kai shekara uku, ana iya dasa su a cikin dindindin.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Don yankan yanke, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar firam na matasa. Kyakkyawan lokacin grafting yana tsakiyar. Isashin ɓangaren ganyen yana nutsar da rana ɗaya a cikin maganin Kornevin, sannan a dasa shi a cikin yashi mai laushi. Dole ne a rufe dabbobin da aka dasa tare da gilashin gilashi ko kwalban filastik tare da saman.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Daga cikin harbe-fure na shekara-shekara a gindin Tushen, ana bada shawara don zaɓar samfuran ƙarfi, su karkatar da su zuwa farfaɗiyar ƙasa, gyara tare da waya kuma yayyafa tare da humus ko ƙasa na peat wani yanki mai kauri tsawon cm 15. Tushen farko a kan rassan sun fara bayyana bayan kimanin watanni 4, kuma gaba ɗaya tushen za a samar da tsarin ne kawai bayan shekaru 1.5-2. Bayan haka zai iya yiwuwa a raba keɓaɓɓen da canja wuri zuwa shafin yanar gizo na dindindin don ƙarin ci gaba mai zaman kanta.
Yaduwa daga tushen zuriya
Nagari da kuma dasa tushen zuriya bada shawarar a karo na biyu da rabin bazara. A bu mai kyau ka zabi zuriya da yawa wadanda ba su can daga cikin daji iri na. A gaba, ya wajaba don shirya wurin saukowa kuma nan da nan bayan an cire su daga ƙasa, dasa su a kan sabon rukunin yanar gizon. Tushen tushen bai kamata ya bushe ba a cikin iska har ma da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci. A cikin farkon watannin, dole ne a kiyaye seedlingsan seedlings daga hasken rana kai tsaye da yawan danshi ƙasa.
Manyan kwari da cututtuka
Schisandra yana da tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da saboda ƙanshinsa mai haske, amma wani lokacin cutar na iya farawa saboda hulɗa da ƙungiyar da ke da lafiya ko kusancin wurin. Don ƙayyade cutar gaskiya da ɗaukar matakan gaggawa don adana albarkatu, kuna buƙatar sanin manyan alamu.
- Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi tare da baki masu ɗigo masu launin a bayan farantin ganye suna nuna mura ko ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta - tabin ganye. Wajibi ne a kula da tsirrai tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe
- Manyan aibobi na duhu, kusan kusan launin baki a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda a ƙarshe ya juye zuwa ramuka, suna nuna phylostictosis. Ana buƙatar Solutions dauke da jan ƙarfe.
- Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa har zuwa santimita biyu a diamita ascogytosis ne. Bordeaux ruwa (1% bayani) za a buƙaci don sarrafa ganyen.
- Abun launuka masu launin ruwan hoda tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda sune cututtukan fungal na ramulariosis. Ana buƙatar magungunan fungicides na musamman.
- Looseaukar murfin farin launuka a saman farantin ganye da mai tushe, wanda a ƙarshe ya juya launin ruwan kasa a launi, shine mildew powdery. A matakin farko na cutar, ana amfani da maganin soda don yin yaƙi, kuma a cikin yanayin ci gaba, ana amfani da mafita da shirye-shirye tare da jan ƙarfe.
- Rotting daga cikin tushen wuyansa, wani ɓangare na tushe shine cutar fungal na fusarium. Dole ne a cire ciyawar da ke da cutar gaba daya, kuma ya kamata a zubar da ƙasa tare da mafita mai narkewa.
M kaddarorin da contraindications
Abun da ke tattare da ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba na schisandra ya hada da dumbin abubuwa masu amfani: acid acid, bitamin, mai mai, abubuwa masu yawa da abubuwan da aka samar da kayan halitta wadanda jikin dan adam ke bukata a cikin hadaddun hanyoyin magance cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, hanta da cututtukan zuciya, tsarin juyayi da gabobin jiki. narkewa. Ana amfani da berry da tsaba na schisandra don yin kayan ado da tinctures, waɗanda suka zama dole don warkarwa daga cutar ƙanjamau da tarin fuka, cututtukan tsarin jijiyoyin jini da hauhawar jini. Abubuwan da ke cikin itacen magnolia, ƙwayoyin Sin suna amfani da su don daidaita matakan sukari na jini da ƙarfafa tsokoki na zuciya. A cikin ƙasarmu, lemongrass ya shahara a cikin girke-girke na mutane (azaman prophylactic akan mura da mura), da kuma a masana'antar kayan shafawa (don shirye-shiryen cream da masks).
Lokacin zabar lemongrass azaman maganin warkewa ko kayan kwalliya, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi ƙwararrun masani, tunda inji yana da wasu abubuwan contraindications.
