Dankin tsire-tsire na Pushkinia (Puschkinia) shine wakilin halittar halittar halittar hyacinths, dangin bishiyar asparagus, amma a wasu bayanan an haɗa irin wannan fure a cikin iyalin lily. Sunan wannan fure mai suna bayan Musin-Pushkin, wanda masani ne a kimiyyan masanin kimiya da ilmin sunadarai, kuma memba ne na Royal Society of London, shi ne ya fara tattara bayanai daga wakilan duniyar shuka a ranar Ararat. Pushkinia wani lokaci ana kiransa dwarf hyacinth, saboda waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da kama sosai da kamannin, saboda sune mafi kusancin dangi. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada nau’ikan 2 ne kawai da kuma iri-iri. A cikin yanayin, ana iya samo su a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya ,arama, da kuma a cikin Caucasus, yayin da Pushkinia ya zaɓi ya yi girma a cikin ciyawar tuddai, tsakanin tsirrai da rami mai faɗi.
Siffofin Pushkinia
Pushkinia yana ɗayan shahararrun daskararruwar bazara. Tsawon daji ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 20 santimita. Irin wannan tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai ephemeroid; kwararan fitila da ba a iya amfani da ita suna rufe bakin bakin ciki na bakin launi. A gindin kara shine 2 ko 3 faranti masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi masu launin siginan daɗaɗɗen bel. Inflorescences na tseren tsere sun ƙunshi furanni masu launin rawaya masu launin fari ko launin shuɗi mai haske, suna da ƙanshi maras kyau. Fulawa a wasu yanayi yana farawa fewan kwanaki bayan bayyanuwar ƙwayoyin ganye. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne mai matsewa, a ciki wanda wasu launuka masu launin launin ruwan launi waɗanda ke da siffar zagaye.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan da wuya a iya kiran wannan shuka, babba yana da tasiri na ado sosai. Pushkinia yana da kyau a cikin tsaunuka, har ma da ƙananan lambuna na lambun, waɗanda aka dasa tare da wasu abubuwan fure ko perennials.
Dasa Tura Pushkinia a bude take
Wani lokaci don shuka
Idan ka yanke shawara don shuka irin wannan fure daga tsaba, to ya kamata ku yi haƙuri. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin da ake yaduwa ta hanyar iri, Pushkinia zai fara yin fure kawai a shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa. Koda seedlingsan fari na farko sun bayyana kusan kwanaki 30 bayan shuka. Amma tsire-tsire na asali na haihuwa shima ba shi da tasiri. Sown tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude nan da nan bayan girbi, kuma wannan lokacin, a matsayin mai mulkin, da dama a kan Yuni. Hakanan, za a iya yin shuka daga rabi na biyu na Satumba zuwa ashirin ga Oktoba, amma a wannan yanayin, za a buƙaci saka sababbin tsaba a kan shiryayyen firiji kafin shuka, kuma a kula kada a bushe su.
Kayan fasali
Idan an yi shuka iri a cikin hunturu, to za su iya ɗaukar cikakkiyar sassaucin yanayin, kuma wannan yana tasiri sosai ga girma, haɓaka da lafiyar shuka. Amma kafin ka fara shuka, dole ne ka shirya shafin. Don yin wannan, dole ne a tabbatar cewa akwai kyawawan magudanar ruwa, idan an cika ƙasa sosai, yashi, peat ko ganye humus ɗin an haɗa shi dashi a kwance shi. Don seeding, zaka iya zaɓar wani yanki mai dunƙun haske ko ɗan inuwa. Ya kamata a binne tsaba a cikin ƙasa aƙalla 5 santimita, sannan a cikin hunturu saman farfajiyar ya kamata a rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat).
Kula da lambun
Kuna buƙatar kula da Pushkin daidai kamar yadda sauran furanni suke girma a gonar. Don haka, ana buƙatar shayar da shi ta hanyar tsari, sassauta farfajiya na ƙasa, cire ciyawa mai ciyawa, ciyar da kan lokaci, da kuma cire saurin lalacewa waɗanda suka fara bushewa. Don rage yawan shayarwa, weeding da kwance, yana da mahimmanci don cika farfajiyar shafin tare da wani ciyawa na ciyawa (peat). Don waɗannan furanni don haɓaka kullun kuma suna da bayyananniyar sihiri, kuna buƙatar kulawa da su daidai da tsari, alal misali, idan ba ku cire ciyawar cikin lokaci ba, to da sauri zai "murkushe" ƙarancin ciyawar.
Ana yin miya babba a farkon bazara. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai (alal misali, nitrophosphate), wanda aka rarraba a ko'ina cikin shafin, shan daga 50 zuwa 60 grams na abu a kowace murabba'in mita (game da dintsi na fistful). A wannan yanayin, yakamata a sanya miya tun da akwai dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan da ƙasa thaws a watan Afrilu da harbe bayyana, zai zama dole don sassauta aisles.
Idan lokacin bazara ya zama bushe, to Pushkin zai buƙaci a shayar dashi, kuma ya kamata a lura cewa yana buƙatar musamman a lokacin shayarwar ganye. A lokacin rani, yana da matukar mahimmanci a samar da weeding dace da loosening na jere jerawa. Idan kuma abin da daji ya yi ya zama mai launin toka kafin a sanya shi ko kuma cutar ta kamu da shi, to dole ne a haƙa sama kuma a hallaka shi.
Abu ne mai sauqi ka shuka Pushkinia, alhali hakan zai baka damar jin dadi yayin fure a lokacin bazara.
Yaduwa daga Pushkinia
Girma Pushkinia, dole ne mu tuna cewa tana buƙatar jigilar kayayyaki na tsari. Gaskiyar ita ce, kwancen girma ya girma kimanin yara 5-7 na shekaru daban-daban sama da shekaru 4-5. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna zama cike da cunkoso, wanda ke rage tasirin adonsu sosai. Lokacin juyawa, dole yara su rabu da kwan fitilar mahaifiya. Don haka, yaduwar ciyawar Pushkinia yana faruwa. Game da yadda ake yada shi ta hanyar halittar (iri), wanda aka fasalta a sama. Ya kamata a haƙo kwararan kwararan fitila kuma ya kamata a raba yara tare da kwan fitilar iyaye. Bayan haka an barsu don ajiya, kuma tare da farkon lokacin kaka ana dasa su a cikin dindindin, yayin da aƙalla santimita 10 dole ne a lura tsakanin kwararan fitila. Masana sun ba da shawarar raba kwararan fitila sau 1 a cikin shekaru 5 ko 6.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa tono kwararan fitila wajibi ne akan lokaci. Kwararan fitila da aka haƙa kafin ranar da ta dace ana adana su sosai. Idan an cire su daga ƙasa daga ƙarshen lokacin da ya kamata, to yawancin yaran zasu ci gaba da zama a cikin ƙasa, tunda a wannan lokacin suna da sauƙin rabu da kwanon uwa. Lokacin da yakamata ku fara farawa a daji shine yakamatasu ta hanyar ganyenta. Da zarar sun bushe, ya kamata su ci gaba da dasawa da rarrabuwa. Ya kamata a cire fitila daga ƙasa kuma a sanya inuwa don bushewa, sannan a cire sauran ƙasa da tsoffin Tushen daga gare su. Ya kamata a rarrabe kananan yara da girman su. Babban kwararan fitila za a iya dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin wani wuri na dindindin ko amfani da shi don distillation a cikin yanayin ɗakin. Ana buƙatar dasa ƙananan kwararan fitila a kan gado na horo don girma. Duk nau'ikan kwararan fitila ana ware a cikin ɗan ƙaramin ɗimin ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko peat kuma a saka a cikin ɗakuna mai kyau-ventilated. A wurin ya kamata a adana su har sai an hau jirgi.
Pushkin ana shuka shi ne a buɗe a cikin kaka. Zurfin dasa ya dogara da girman kwan fitila kuma yana iya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 7 santimita, yayin da aƙalla santimita 10 dole ne a kiyaye tsakanin ramuka.
Irin wannan fure yana iya yaduwa sosai ta hanyar shuka iri. Wannan hanyar yada cannabis itace kyakkyawar madadin zuriya, mafi mahimmanci, lallai ne kar a manta don sarrafa wannan tsari.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Wannan tsire-tsire na iya fama da waɗannan cututtukan waɗanda ke shafar ƙananan ƙananan kwan fitila da tsire-tsire. Misali, idan launuka masu launin launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a sassan sassan daji, wannan yana nuna cewa ana shafa shi ta hanyar launin toka, wakili wanda shine tushen naman gwari. Wannan wata cuta ce mai hatsarin gaske, saboda wannan naman gwari tana da mutuƙar yaɗuwa, kuma tana iya saurin cutar da sauran tsirrai. A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafin, an ba da shawarar cewa kwararru, lokacin shayar da daji, yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa ruwan bai faɗi akan ƙwaryar ba, kar a shanye shi da sinadarin nitrogen, sannan a tono sama ya lalata samfuran da abin ya shafa da wuri-wuri. A matakin farko na ci gaban cutar, kamar su: Champion, Bordeaux fluid, Topaz ko Kuproksat ana amfani da su don kawar da ita. Idan samfirin ya shafa sosai, to ana amfani da Skor, Previkur ko Fundazol don aiwatar da shi.
Har ila yau, mai hadarin gaske shi ne shan kashi na shuka da rot na kwararan fitila, yayin da dama fungi ne causative wakili na irin wannan cututtuka. A cikin dajin da aka kamu, tushe na faranti ɗin ya zama launin rawaya, to cutar ta shiga kwan fitila da kanta, daga inda aka zana launuka masu launin shuɗi-ja a farfajiya. Wannan yana haifar da mutuwar kwan fitila. Wannan kamuwa da cuta na iya dagewa a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci. Don adana shuka, dole ne a kula da shi tare da kayan aiki mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Kafin dasa shuki kwan fitila, dole ne a bincika shi sosai, idan ya haifar da ƙarancin shakku, zai fi kyau a rusa shi.
Pushkinia shima yana iya kamuwa da wata cuta kamar Achelenhoeids. Saboda shi, albasa flakes zama launin ruwan kasa, ring ring rot bayyana. Har ila yau kusa da ƙasa a farfajiya na farin kwan fitila launin ruwan kasa necrotic aibobi suna kafa. Bushasan da abin ya shafa yana da rauni a haɓakawa da asarar bayyanar ado. Dukkan albasarta da ke da cuta dole ne a ƙone, kuma kafin a dasa waɗanda ke da lafiya, ana shafe su na ɗan lokaci cikin ɗan ƙaramin zafi (kimanin digiri 43).
Yankin kwararan fitila na shuka suna da ikon lalata icea man don su kore su, an ɗora ƙutunan guba a shafin. Hakanan hatsari ga irin wannan fure ana wakilta shi daga magudanan makiyaya, waɗanda suka shiga cikin kwan fitila, suna tofar da ƙasan su. Suna cinikin sikelin ciki, wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawa ko bushewa da kwararan fitila. Don dalilai na hanawa, ya kamata a kula da kwararan fitila tare da shirye-shiryen kwari kafin dasawa. Idan akwai babban haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, to ana bi da Pushkinia tare da magunguna iri ɗaya a shafin.
Pushkinia bayan fure
A cikin kaka, bayan an shuka iri ko dasa kwararan fitila a ƙasa buɗe, ana lura da halin haƙoran farji a farhaniya. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a shirya shuka don lokacin hunturu; don wannan, an rufe shafin da humus (kauri daga 20 zuwa 30 mm) ko peat (kauri daga 50 zuwa 70 mm). A cikin bazara ko bazara, ba kwa buƙatar cire ciyawa daga shafin, saboda yana kare tsire-tsire daga saurin ciyawa da ciyawa daga bushewa.
Tura fitar da
Pushkinia cikakke ne don distillation na cikin gida, kuma ana iya ganin kyawawan furanninta tuni cikin hunturu. Don distillation, an zaɓi albasa da yawa. An shuka su a watan Nuwamba a cikin tukunyar da ke da diamita na 13 zuwa 15 santimita da tsawo na kimanin santimita 7. Zuba ruwan cakuda a ciki, wanda ya hada da humus ganye, yashi kogin sod, wanda aka ɗauka a cikin rabo 1: 1: 2. Ikon don makonni 8-10 yana tsabtacewa a cikin bene mai duhu, inda zafin jiki na iska kada ya zama ya wuce digiri 10, da gumi - kusan kashi 85-90. Bayan haka sai a fitar dashi cikin ɗakin da aka cika hasken wuta, a ciki wanda bai kamata ya zama da zafi sama da digiri 15 ba, kuma fure yana buƙatar shayar da shi. Bayan kwanaki 14-20, farawa yana farawa. An ba da shawarar kada ku zubar da kwan fitila mai lalacewa, saboda idan an kula da shi sosai, zai faranta muku rai da kyawawan furanninta har abada.
Nauyoyi da nau'ikan Pushkinia tare da hotuna da sunaye
Nau'in nau'ikan Pushkinia 2: irin-dazuka da hyacinth.
Pushkinia hyacinth (Puschkinia hyacinthoides)
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a saman tsaunin gabashin Transcaucasia da Arewacin Iran. Irin wannan karamar karamar kyakkyawa tana da faranti masu launin layin fata wanda suka kai tsawon santimita 15 kuma suna da santimita santimita. Girman diamita na kwararan fitila kusan 20 mm. Staloshin fure mai ƙarfi ya kai santimita 15 a tsayi. A kansu akwai haske game da launuka masu inganci, wadanda suka kunshi furanni 12-30 masu launin shuɗi (kusan fararen fari), suka kai girman diamita 15 mm, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai shuɗi a bayan bangon. A cikin babban kwanya na 1 na manya, har zuwa hudu na iya yin girma. Tsawon lokacin fure shine makonni 1.5-3.
Pushkinia scaphoid (Puschkinia scilloides)
A cikin yanayi, zaku iya haɗuwa da irin wannan Pushkin a cikin Turkey, Lebanon, Iran da Caucasus, yayin da ya fi son girma a cikin ciyayi da gefunan daji a tsakanin tsirrai. Karamin daji yana da faranti 2 na duhu kore mai fadi-layin-layin faranti, wanda ya kai santimita 12-15 a tsayinsa, suna girma lokaci guda tare da shinge, wanda tsayinsa yakai santimita 20. Furen furanni an yi wa ado da furanni mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, diamita wanda ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 20 mm, tsinkayar shuɗi ya shuɗe tsakiyar kowane ɓangaren murfin. Tsawon ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin tsere na wasan wuta ya kai santimita 12. Fulawa ya fara a cikin watan Mayu kuma zai ɗauki kwanaki 20.
Wannan nau'in Pushkinia yana da kyawawan nau'ikan da ake kira Pushkinia Lebanonotica (Pushkinia Lebanon). Ba kamar babban nau'in ba, yana da furanni masu girman girma, rawanin rawanin a ciki wanda ya ninka biyu. Yin shuka da girma irin wannan nau'in ya kamata iri ɗaya da babban nau'in.
