Muhawara game da tono ragon bishiyar bishiyar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace ya kasance, kuma zai dawwara da dadewa, watakila yayin da lambuna ke. Ba da daɗewa ba kwanan nan muhawara game da abin da za a yi tare da shinge na gonar ya ragu: ko dai ƙarfe su da tarakta, haɗa ƙasa da hurawa humus tare da iska ga maƙwabta a filin, ko kuma har yanzu yankan ciyawa a farkon matakin, har sai ya ba da iri. Komai a bayyane anan - sun yanke shawarar yanka kuma da alama sun ƙare; amma tono abubuwan da ke kusa da gangar jikin abu ne daban.
Digging itace gangar jikin itaceBambancin abubuwan da ke cikin akwatin akwati na kewayen bishiyoyi
A zahiri, akwai yan 'yan zabi kadan don kiyaye shinge na bishiyar a kusa da itaciyar, akwai tururin baki (digging), sodding, da mulching, kuma kowane ɗayan waɗannan matakan suna da riba da ci gaba. Misali, tono kasar gona a matattakalar kusa da mulchin iri daya za'a iya hadewa, hade da yin amfani da ruwa da kuma hadi, yayin da suke kara ingancin wadannan ayyukan noman.
Amma ba tare da yin komai ba, Hakanan zaka iya samun komai. Yawancin lokaci da yawaita karanta shafuka daban-daban, mai aikin lambu, tunda ya auna dukkan ribobi da mazan jiya, yakan zo ga wani irin yarda. Kuma iyawarsa ta zahiri ta taimaka masa a wannan (alas, ba kowa bane ke da ƙarfin ramin kayan jikin gangar jikin har ma).
Ribobi na tono bishiyar bishiyar
Bari mu fara da amfanin narkar da gangar jikin kowane itace 'ya'yan itace. Da farko dai, kuma wannan shine, watakila, mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da ake haƙa tsiri kusa da gangar jikin kowane irin kwari, zauna a can don hunturu.
Bayan haka, menene muke yi: da farko mun cire daga cikin akwati daga dukkan rassan, ganye, kowane irin datti, 'ya'yan itaciyar da ta faɗi, sannan kawai sai a kama felu da tono. Wato, duk abin da '' gizo-gizo gizo 'za su iya ɓoyewa babu shi, an tara su cikin tsika kuma ƙone wani wuri a ƙarshen gonar.
Bugu da kari, idan gonar wannan shekara ta wahala daga kwari, tono ƙasa ba tare da yin amfani da mulching tare da humus ba a zahiri za a iya fitar da yanayin hunturu na kwari da cututtuka, waɗanda aka yanke shawarar kada su yi hunturu a cikin ganyayyaki da suka faɗi ko kuma sassan sassan itace, watau a cikin ƙasa ƙasa, kawai a zurfin narkar da shi (santimita 10-15). Kawai a wannan yanayin, kasar bayan an tono bai kamata a sa mata ido ba, ko da kuwa tana kwance sosai (watau a cikin lumps).
Babu tabbas kan gaba kuma aeration ƙasa: Tono ƙasa, har ma da zurfin da bai dace ba, na wasu santimita 10-15, muna ƙara haɓaka iska ta ƙasa da musayar ruwanta, da karye ɓawon ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, danshi na iya shiga ƙasa da yalwa, wanda yawansu da yawa a wannan shekara, zai ƙafe, Tushen zai iya cinye abubuwa a ruwa. Tabbas, don aiwatar da aikin su, ba wai kawai ruwa da abubuwa masu narkewa ba ne ake buƙata, har ma da iska.
Plusari na uku: ta hanyar tono ƙasa muna kawar da duk masu fafatawawanda zai iya gasa tare da itace (ko ma bishiyar girma) a cikin gwagwarmayar neman abinci da danshi. Kuma wannan, hakika, ire-iren ire-iren iri ne, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, kamar, ka ce, ƙanƙanin ɗanyen ciyawa ko ƙwanƙwan ciyawar alkama suna da mutuƙar magana. Kuma idan itacen yana cikin gidan ƙasa, inda ba sau da yawa ba ziyarci, da wuya a ciyar da ruwa kawai a cikin ƙasa lokaci zuwa lokaci, to kawar da su gaba ɗaya babban ƙari ne ga shuka, kamar dai yana numfasawa a cikin nutsuwa da dakatar da raba danshi da abinci (wani lokacin ma sosai ) tare da abokan hamayyar ku.
A kan kasa mai, tare da rashin yanki (kuma yana, la'akari da shi, koyaushe bai isa ba) zaka iya shuka albarkatu mai dorewa cikin sauri, ganye, radish, musamman, yayin da shuka take saurayi kuma, ta dabi'a, yayin samar da amfanin gona da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da danshi. Amma kafin hakan, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa da kyau, ta tono ta, takin ƙasa, sanya gadaje da makamantan su, shine, yakamata ya zama cikakke da wadataccen tururi.
Saping na kusa-akwati da'irar a karkashin bishiyoyi.
Cons na tono ƙasa a cikin ramin kusa-bishiyar 'ya'yan itace
Da alama cewa duk abin da ke da shuɗewa, kuma mun manne a shebur, amma, za a iya samun rashin nasara daga irin wannan matsin lamba.
Mafi yawan abubuwan da aka rage a raina shine cewa tare da dunkulallen tsinkaye bayoneti spade akan tsawon tsawon, muna cutar da tushen tsirrai. Ka tuna: yana da kyau a haƙa ƙasa a cikin yankin kusa-kusa zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm, to babu buƙatar ci gaba. Kuna iya fitar da tushen ko lalata su: za su iya daskarewa bare a cikin hunturu, kuma ta hanyar lalacewa, kamar ta hanyar ƙofar buɗewa, kamuwa da cuta na iya shiga cikin sauƙi. Babu wani abin da ba za ku iya yi ba game da shi, amma dole ne ku yarda cewa wannan ba ƙaramin hanyar ba ce da kanta, amma na lambu, musamman ma malamin da ba shi da ilimi, wanda, bayan ya karanta waɗannan layin, ba zai ƙara yin haka ba.
Rage na biyu shine, da ban mamaki isa, amma mahimmin digging na iya bazai inganta ba, amma ya lalata ƙimar ƙasa, musamman a cikin shekaru tare da isasshen iska da fari: daga ƙasa da aka haƙa, iska zata zama maras muhimmanci don rushe tsarin abinci mai gina jiki. Amma akwai nuances da yawa: da farko, menene ƙasa a shafinku: idan ƙasa ce mai baƙar fata, to, abin da ake kira "busawa" babban sashin abinci mai gina jiki zai zama mahaukaci ne kawai, amma kuma komai zai sha wahala, kuma ba kawai wannan itaciyar ba. Kuma idan ƙasa tayi haske da yashi, sannan tono to tabbas hakan bazai yiwu ba ko kaɗan, wannan shine, bisa ƙa'idar, zaku iya yin shi ta hanyar kwance abubuwa marasa tushe don karya ɓoyayyen ƙasa.
Rashin tsananin laima, wannan shine wani dalilin cewa yafi kyau kada ku taɓa ƙasa. Wannan kuma ya shafi mazaunan kananan gida: idan kun shayar da ƙasa kadan, amma sau da yawa kuna kokawa da ciyawa, kwance abubuwa da tono ƙasa, ku kanku ba kwa so, ƙaruwar haɓakar danshi daga danshi har ma da zurfi mai zurfi, wanda, a zahiri, take kaiwa zuwa rashi na danshi a cikin kasar gona, da tsirrai a kan irin wannan “kyakkyawan” kusa-da'irar da'irar fara bushewa saboda rashin danshi. Kuma sake, wannan ba matsala ce ta tono ƙasa ba, amma matsalar bazara mazaunin kansa: da kyau, wanda ya hana shigowar tsarin ban ruwa ko ƙasa mai kyau tare da danshi bayan kowace tono. Ka yi mini gafara, amma idan kana da isasshen ƙarfi don tono ƙasa a cikin ramin kusa-kusa, to, zai yuwu cewa kana da isasshen ƙarfin da za ka shayar da wannan itaciyar! Bugu da kari, idan ba a tono ƙasa ba, to, ka ce, ruwan sama ko ƙarami mai tsayi ba ya ɗauka a cikin ƙasa, amma yana saukar da ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa, ƙasa mai haɓaka tana da ƙananan haɗari, amma akwai kowane damar wadatar danshi tare da danshi ma.
Kuma a karshe - digging kasar gona a cikin kaka, musamman a cikin sababbin tsire-tsire da 'ya'yan itatuwa da dutse, zai iya haifar da daskarewa na tushen tushen tsarin, kuma wannan yana da haɗari sosai kuma yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta guda ɗaya kuma yana haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya. Kodayake, duk wanda ya hana ƙasa ta ciyawa bayan wannan tono, ciyawa zata shiga cikin yadudduka masu zurfi, ta rufe da dusar ƙanƙara, kuma lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, za ta juya cikin abincin farko ga ƙananan tsire-tsire waɗanda za su yi farin ciki da irin wannan kyautar kuma amfani da ita yayin da kuke amfani da datti mai wuya har yanzu ba zaku sami tsirrai ba.
Don haka, yawancin yan lambu har yanzu suna haƙa ƙasa a cikin tukunyar kusa-gangar jikin bishiyoyi, amma cikin hikima!
Ngwu a kusa da akwati a cikin gonar.
Yaushe za a tono ramin bishiyar da'irar?
Yawancin masu girbi na fruita foran itace don tsabtace da'irar kusa-da-tsabta tsabta da tono shi, shine, don tururi na baki a ƙarƙashin itacen apple ko pear, ceri ko plum, da sauransu. A wannan yanayin, tono ƙasa ɗaya na lokacin zaku iya yanke shawara kaɗan, yana da kyau ku aiwatar da su sau huɗu ko sau biyar a lokacin.
Yawancin lokaci a karo na farko lokacin da aka tono da'irar gangar jikin a farkon bazara, lokacin dusar ƙanƙara tana narkewa kuma ƙasa tayi zafi. Tonawa a wannan lokacin yana ba ka damar hanzarta sanyaya ƙasa da zurfin zurfafa, sannan kawai jira a mako guda, bari ya dumama shi sosai, kuma zaka iya yanke ciyawa tare da takin tare da santimita na santimita, ba da tsire-tsire ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Bugu da kari, takin, wanda suka fara mantawa da shi, zai sassauta girman ciyawar, kuma danshi zai yi raguwa, zai kuma rage yawan zafin ƙasa. Hakanan zaka iya haɗa ma'anar ƙasa tare da haɓaka tare da gabatarwar takin, alal misali, nitroammophoski a cikin nau'in ruwa (tablespoon a cikin guga na ruwa da kamar wata lita a ƙarƙashin itace).
A lokaci guda, gwada tono sama da ƙasa ba kai tsaye a cikin akwati kansa (a cikin 'ya'yan itace dutse yana da haɗari don yin wannan, akwai m wuyansa mai wuya: danshi zai tattara kuma wuyan zai fara zubar), saboda akwai mafi yawan lokacin farin ciki da ke riƙe da shuka, kuma ɗan ƙara gaba 12-15 cm daga akwati (m, mafi yawan Tushen aiki galibi suna cikin wannan yankin). Amfanin irin wannan (daidai) tono zai zama mafi yawa.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin tono ƙasa a kusa da itaciya, sanya felu tare da baki (tare da haɓaka daga tushen, kuma ba haɓakar tafarkin haɓaka su ba), kawai don haka za a rage girman haɗarin cutar da tushen bishiyar.
Bada digging na biyu na kasar gona a tsakiyar bazara, haɗu da shi tare da gabatarwar potassium sulfate (15-20 g a murabba'in murabba'i, kuma mafi kyau a cikin nau'in ruwa), cire ciyayi kuma, idan ya cancanta, tare da shayarwa (guga biyu a gindin itace). Sannan zaku iya ciyawa tare da takin na 0.5 kilogiram a ƙarƙashin kowane itace (bayan digging).
Mahimmanci! Lokacin yin takin albarkatun kasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire masu dutse, yi ƙoƙarin komawa daga abin wuya na tushen, don kauce wa tsufa, santimita 2-3, a cikin kowane akwati kada a tattara takin mai magani a kai, gami da sauran nau'in ciyawa.
Ana buƙatar yawan buƙatar digging na uku kamar yadda ciyawar ta rufe ciyawar da takin ƙasaHakanan suna aiwatar da cire ciyawa da takin, amma a wannan karon itace ash (asalin sinadarin potassium da abubuwan ganowa, da kuma soot) ko tsiro 250-300 g ga kowane tsiro. Hakanan zaka iya ciyawa da tsire tare da takin, kilogram ɗaya kowannensu.
Na huɗu digging na kasar gona za a iya za'ayi a watan Satumba, yana halatta a haɗe tare da ban ruwa mai shigowa da ruwa, ana zuba bokiti 5-6 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka tsawon kwana uku ko hudu. A karshen (bayan tono), saboda danshi bai narke, zaku iya ciyawa farfajiya tare da takin daya da rabi lokacin farin ciki. Tashin hankali (Compost mulching) na iya taimakawa wajen kare Tushen da suka lalace lokacin haƙa ƙasa.
Gingarshen digging na ƙasa, wanda muka sami kashi na biyar, ana iya aikata shi kwanaki 5-7 kafin farkon lokacin tare da yanayin yanayin barga.. Anan kuna buƙatar kawar da dajin gangar jikin dukkanin tarkokin tsire-tsire, tono shi kuma kuyi mulch tare da humus, wani Layer na 4-5 cm, don adana tushen daga daskarewa.
