Itaciyar fure na homphrena (Gomphrena) memba ne na dangin Amaranth. A cikin yanayi, ana iya haɗuwa da shi a cikin wurare masu zafi na Kudancin da Kudancin Hemisphere. Delashen, wanda dan asalin botanist ne na Faransa, wanda ke bayyana wannan al'ada, ya nuna cewa ya ba sunan Purny hominy. Sannan an gabatar dashi a cikin "Spe Spear plantarum" wanda Karl Linnaeus yayi karkashin wannan sunan. A Kudancin Amurka, mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire. Wannan nau'in halittar ya danganta kusan nau'ikan 100, wanda wasu daga cikin su ke yin shuka kamar tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Siffofin gomfrena
Gomfrena yana wakilta ta tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda zai iya zama perennials da annuals. Tushen suna da kafa ko tashi. Duk matsanancin takaddama na farantin ganye na petiolate ko sessile. Inflorescences na kayan motsa hankali ya ƙunshi furanni fentin launin shuɗi, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, fari, shunayya, Lilac ko rawaya, yawancin launinsu mara daidaituwa. Fruita isan itace aa aan mara lafiyan ne wanda ba ya haɓaka mai yalwa, mai lalacewa.
A tsakiyar latitude, ana ba da fifiko don girmamawa a matsayin farkon shekara. Irin wannan shuka bashi da fasali, kuma tana da halaye masu kyau.
Girma na girma daga tsaba
Lokacin girbi na shuka
A cikin tsakiyar latitude, farfrene yana girma ne kawai ta hanyar shuka. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tsaba da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa bazai ba seedlings ba, kuma tsawon lokacin tarawa a cikin irin wannan amfanin gona ya daɗe. Shuka tsaba don seedlings ne da za'ayi a farkon zamanin Maris.
Koyaya, iri yana buƙatar shiri na farko na shuka-shuka, kuma yana ɗaukar mako daya da rabi. Kwana uku da safe, yakamata a zuba iri ɗin da ruwa mai ɗumi, kafin wannan an zuba shi cikin tukunyar gilashi. A rana ta huɗu, ruwa da zuriyarsa ya kamata a zana su a kan sieve, ya kamata a goge ta sosai ta amfani da ruwa mai gudu. Bayan haka, dole ne a ninka iri a cikin tukunyar da aka wanke, bayan an rufe shi tare da mashin kankara kuma a sanya shi a kan shiryayye na firiji wanda aka tsara don kayan lambu, inda ya kamata a bar shi har tsawon kwanaki 7.
Shuka dokokin
Matsakaicin cancanta ya kamata ya ƙunshi m yashi ko vermiculite, da ƙasa ta duniya da akayi nufi don kayan lambu. Ruwa mai da kyau, a ƙarshe ya kamata ya zama m, amma kada a cika ƙasa da ruwa. Tare da wannan cakuda ƙasa ya wajaba don cika kwantena, kuma zai fi dacewa da cassettes. Sa'an nan kuma danna ƙasa cakuda da ruwa sake, wannan dole ne a yi, saboda na gaba watering ba za a za'ayi da ewa ba.
Dole ne a cire zuriya mai sanyi daga gwangwani, sannan a rarraba iri a saman farfajiyar, bayan wannan ana matse su ga cakuda ƙasa. Daga sama, dole ne a rufe kwalin da gilashi ko fim, to dole ne a cire shi a cikin wurin da yake da kyau, yayin da hasken ya kamata ya kasance mai haske kuma ya warwatse, kuma yanayin zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin ya kamata ya zama kusan digiri 20-22. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko yakamata su bayyana bayan kwanaki 15-18. Don hanzarta germination na tsaba, ya zama dole don amfani da ƙananan dumama, a wannan yanayin seedlings zai bayyana bayan kwana uku.
Da zaran seedlings sun bayyana, dole ne a cire tsari. Idan seedlings suka girma a cikin kwandon gama gari, to, bayan kwanaki 15-18 bayan bayyanar su, dole ne a ba da tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena iri ɗaya, kai zuwa 50-70 mm ko'ina ko cikin manyan tukwane. Bayan tsire-tsire masu ƙonewa suna da tushe, ya kamata a shayar dasu tare da maganin ma'adinan ma'adinan mai rauni mai rauni. A kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan m, amma ya kamata ba dauke da wani wuce kima yawan ruwa, in ba haka ba da shuka iya mutu saboda da baki kafa, wannan fungal cutar rinjayar da bushes a cikin seedling zamani. Lokacin da aka shayar da homfren, ya zama dole a hankali sassauta farɗan cakuda ƙasa a kewayen bushes. Idan an lura da alamun farko na cutar, kuna buƙatar tsaga duk bushes ɗin da ya shafa, kuma an rufe saman cakuda ƙasa tare da katako na ash, yayin furanni bai kamata a shayar da su na ɗan lokaci ba.
Dasa gomfrena a buɗe ƙasa
Wani lokaci don shuka
Ana dasa bishiyoyin gida a cikin ƙasa buɗe bayan dawowar lokacin bazara na sanyi wanda aka bari a baya, kuma ya kamata a kafa yanayin dumama, kuma ya kamata a sanyaya ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen kwanakin Mayu ko na farko - Yuni. Don haɓakar homfren, ya kamata ka zaɓi yankin da ke da fitila mai inganci mai kariya daga daftarin iska da iska mai ƙarfi. Shouldasa ta zama tsaka tsaki kuma ba ta zama mai gina jiki ba.
Dokokin saukarwa
Kafin fara dasawa, shafin zai buƙaci a haƙa shi, amma ƙasa ba tayi tayi ba. Bayan an gama leken asirin, ya zama dole a sanya ramuka na dasa shuki, yayin dasa shuki masu tsayi, dole ne a lura da nisa tsakanin 30 zuwa 35 santimita a tsakiya, kuma zai isa ya bar tsakanin 15 zuwa 20 santimita tsakanin gajeren bushes. Ramin ramuka yakamata ya zama cewa sun dace da shuka tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. A cikin ramuka da aka shirya wajibi ne don canja wurin plantlet, dole ne a sanya su a cikin cibiyar, yayin ƙoƙarin kada su cutar da tsarin tushen, kuma su ɓoye sarari a cikin ramuka cike da ƙasa. A kewaye da tsire-tsire da aka dasa, ƙasa an shayar da ita kuma ta shayar.
Kula da gomfrena a gonar
Girma homfren a cikin lambun ka yayi sauki. Irin wannan al'ada ba a fassara shi ba, saboda haka, yana da sauƙin kula da gomfrena. Bushes suna buƙatar lokacin shayarwa, weeding, kayan miya, saman kwance ƙasa. Don yin tsire-tsire masu kyau da kuma shirya, za su buƙaci ƙananan girbe na yau da kullun. Irin wannan fure ya dace da yankan, amma abin lura ne cewa yawancin lokutan da kuke yanke furanni, busasshen daji da ciyawar fure.
Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa
Watering bushes wajibi ne kawai a lokacin tsawan fari, yayin da wannan hanya ya zama matsakaici. Ya kamata a tuna cewa irin wannan al'ada tana da haƙuri, saboda haka idan kun tsallake ruwa, to babu abin da zai damu. Koyaya, ba za a yarda da kwararar ruwa a cikin ƙasa ba, tunda wannan na iya haifar da cutar fungal, musamman idan yanayin yayi sanyi. Idan tayi ruwa bisa tsari a lokacin bazara, to ba za'a iya shayar da wannan fure ba kwata-kwata, amma a wannan yanayin, masana sun bada shawarar cewa bayan ruwan sama washegari ya zama tilas a kwance farfajiyar kasar tare da share ciyawar da ke fitowa.
Irin wannan fure yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sosai, kamar yadda yakamata kada yayan abinci da yawa a cikin ƙasa. Misali, idan akwai mai yawa a cikin qasa, to saboda wannan ne wani aiki mai karfi na kore taro zai fara, wanda hakan zai shafi fure, wanda bazai yuwu ba kwata-kwata.
Cututtuka da kwari na homfren
Gomfrena na iya rashin lafiya ne kawai idan an lura da tururuwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙasa. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan al'ada tana da tsayayyen juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. A cikin lokuta masu wuya, aphids da ke motsawa zuwa bushes daga wasu tsirrai zasu iya tsayawa akan sa. Don kawar da aphids, kuna buƙatar amfani da magungunan kashe kwari, yayin da dukkanin magunguna na mutane a wannan yanayin zai zama da ƙarancin tasiri.
Nau'in iri daban-daban na girmamawa tare da hotuna da sunaye
An riga an faɗi a sama cewa genus Gomfrena ya ƙunshi ɗimbin yawa, amma 3 daga cikinsu kawai ke noma daga lambu.
Gomphrena mai siffar mara lafiya (Gomphrena globosa)
Tsawon daji shine 15-40 santimita. Taranti-furen takaice-faranti duk suna da farin jini, saboda wanda suke da launi shuɗi. A na fata capitate inflorescences a diamita kai 40 mm, za a iya fentin su a ruwan hoda, Lilac, purple, ja, fararen ko rasberi launi. Bushes Bloom a Yuli, kuma Bloom kafin farkon fari na sanyi. Popular iri:
- Bright Border. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.3 m, ana fentin furanni a launuka iri-iri masu ruwan hoda, har zuwa ruwan hoda.
- Buddy. A cikin wannan jerin gwanon, bushes din yana da kusan santimita 15, yayin da furanni a cikinsu ana fentin su da shunayya, farar fata ko ruwan hoda.
Hakanan shahararrun nau'ikan su ne kamar: Globosa, Rasberi, Wuta, Pompom da jerin nau'ikan haɗuwa na Pixie da Gnome.
Gomphrena Haage (Gomphrena haageana), ko Gomfrena mai launin zinare
Wannan nau'in ana noma shi kwanan nan. Ya yi daidai da na homphrena mai sihiri, amma ƙarancin lalacewarsa ya fi girma kuma yana da launi mai ruwan lemo da ja. An bambanta ta ta thermophilicity, kuma idan lokacin bazara yayi sanyi, to bushes ɗin bazai yi fure kwata-kwata.
Gomphren warwatse (Gomphrena serrata)
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da wannan nau'in a cikin tsarin da aka dakatar. Farantin ganye mai ɗorewa yana ƙawata harbe da ke yaduwa ko'ina cikin yankin, wanda ya haifar da magana. A kan bango daga tushensa, kamar yadda aka yi faranti da ƙamshin ɗan itacen ƙwaya mai haske.
Abubuwan launuka masu launin ruwan 'Pink pinhes' sun fi shahara sosai: ana fentin furanni a cikin launi mai ruwan hoda mai zurfi, launinsu yana kasancewa koda bayan sun bushe, sabili da haka ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin furannin hunturu.
