Ba tare da gado na tafarnuwa ba yana da wuya a yi tunanin gonar ƙasa. Tafarnuwa an kira shi daɗaɗɗiyar ƙwayar cuta, wakili mai hana ƙwayar cuta, da kuma likita na jama'a. Kuma kula da tafarnuwa ba ya ɗaukar makamashi mai yawa da lokacin bazara daga lambu.
Shuka tafarnuwa (Allium sativum)Tafarnuwa yana cikin rukunin Perennials na amaryllis iyali. Sunan kimiyya game da tafarnuwa shine "Shuka albasa", "Shuka tafarnuwa" (Allium sativum), sau da yawa ƙasa sau da yawa - "albasa-tafarnuwa." A rayuwar yau da kullun, ana kiran wannan kayan lambu kayan lambu kawai tafarnuwa.
Noman tafarnuwa ya fara ne sama da shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata, bisa ga lamuran daban-daban, a Masar, inda aka fara amfani da al'adun don magani. Tafarnuwa an haɗa shi cikin abincin yau da kullun na ma'aikata waɗanda suka gina tsiran Masar. Ga 'yan wasan Girka, mahalarta a wasannin farko na wasannin Olympic, tafarnuwa suna aiki a matsayin wani nau'in steroid, kuma ga sojojin Girka a matsayin mai karfafa gwiwa. Rubutun farko na Pasteur ya gano nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta 23, ciki har da staphylococci, salmonella, wanda kisa mai zalunci shine tafarnuwa.
Kindan Adam, a karo na farko da ya sami asirin warkar da cututtuka da yawa tare da shirye-shiryen tafarnuwa, bai rabu da wannan al'ada ba.
A nazarin halittu halayen tafarnuwa
Tushen tsarin tafarnuwa yana da zazzagewa, amma kowane tushen zai iya kaiwa zurfin mita. Babban kara karya ne, wanda ya samo asali daga sassan ganye. Kamar yadda shuka ke tsiro, ƙananan sashin ganye yana da girma kuma yana samar da sikelin fleshy. Wasu Sikeli na waje, bushewa waje, ya zama juzu'i na tsakiyar kwan fitila. Saboda gajeruwar ƙarancin internodes, saƙar tafarnuwa na gaske za'a lalace zuwa ƙasan bakin ciki. A kansa akwai sikeli mai girman gaske, hakora, an rufe ta saman tare da sikelin mai shiga tsakani. A cikin haƙori akwai koda tare da maki ɗaya ko biyu na ganye da na ganye. Bayan hutawa, hakora sun girma zuwa sabon tsiro. Ana amfani da cakulan a matsayin abinci da kuma kayan abu don yaduwar ciyayi.
A inflorescence na tafarnuwa wata laima ce mai sauki, wacce take kan toho mai kamshi daga 0.5 zuwa 1.5 m, wanda ake kira kibiya. A cikin inflorescence, bakararre furanni da kwararan fitila (kwararan fitila) haɓaka, adadin wanda, ya dogara da iri-iri, daga 10 zuwa 500 guda. Dukkanin inflorescence na tafarnuwa an rufe shi da murfin mai yawa kafin fure. Inflorescences na tafarnuwa form tsaba kawai tare da karfi ultraviolet radiation. A karkashin yanayin al'ada, kwararan fitila na iska. Cikakken kwararan fitila crumble kuma sprout tare da kwararan fitila guda-(guda-hakori). Shuka hakori ɗaya yana ba da kwan fitila da yawa. Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar kwararan fitila, ana daukar al'adar 'yar shekara biyu, wato, a farkon shekarar da suka karɓi haƙora ɗaya, kuma shukarsu a shekara mai zuwa shine ke haifar da yawan haƙoran haƙoran haƙoran na al'ada.
Iri m sararin tafarnuwa
Tafarnuwa nau'i biyu na sama taro.
- Fure-fure ko danshi. Suna samar da harbi tare da inflorescence (kibiya).
- Wanda ba ya fure ko rashin harbi. Wannan nau'in lokacin girma kakar kawai ganye taro.
Harbi tafarnuwa ba ya mutuwa. Kayan kai tsaye (kibiya) da ganyayyaki sun zama launin rawaya a karshen lokacin girma. Kibiya ta bayyana murfin gama-gari da kuma kwararan fitila da ya zube a kasa.
A cikin tafarnuwa mara fashewa, ganyayyaki sun rasa dusar kamar yadda suke huɗuba, sun zama rawaya, sun kwanta akan ƙasa sun bushe.
Iri tafarnuwa
Tafarnuwa ya kasu kashi biyu, wanda ya banbanta lokacin dasawa da girman kwan fitila. A cikin kaka, dasa cloves na tafarnuwa hunturu. A cikin bazara - spring tafarnuwa cloves. Tafarnuwa hunturu na da siffofi biyu: mai harbi da wanda ba mai harbi ba, da tafarnuwa mai bazara kawai ba ta harbi ba.
A cikin ƙasa, ya fi kyau girma duka nau'i biyu. Hunturu yakan samar da amfanin gona a baya, shugabannin sun fi girma, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya yi girma. Amma yana halin low kiyaye ingancin. A watan Janairu-Fabrairu, cokali na tafarnuwa na hunturu ya bushe kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin matakan don kiyaye iri. Haka ma, wannan ya fi kyau yin girma nau'in tafarnuwa iri-iri na tafarnuwa hunturu.
Bambanci tsakanin hunturu da tafarnuwa bazara
Tafarnuwa lokacin hunturu yana rufewa a cikin tushe, wanda yake tsakiyar tsakiyar kwan fitila. Lokacin rabuwa da hakora, tushe yana tsirara.
Tafarnuwa na bazara ba ta da irin wannan kara. Hakora sun fi birgewa saboda tsananin dacewa da junan su a cikin kwan furen tafarnuwa. Babban cloves ana zaune a cikin layuka na waje, zuwa tsakiya ƙananan.
Don cin abinci, duk tafarnuwa iri biyu daidai suke. Dangane da halayen halittu, sun banbanta da dasa. Lokacin bazara ya samar da amfanin gona a lokacin dasa shuki. Tafarnuwa ta hunturu ita ce mafi girma, kuma mafi yawan amfanin gona lafiyayye, ripening by Yuli, siffofin a lokacin kaka dasa. A lokacin da dasa shuki cloves a cikin bazara, shi, ko da ya samar da wata amfanin gona, ba shi da babban inganci kuma ba stale.
Tafarnuwa da tafarnuwa (Allium sativum).
Fasaha don girma tafarnuwa hunturu
Dasa Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa
Ana dasa tafarnuwa na hunturu a cikin bazara. A wajen kudu, tare da dumin ruwan sanyi, tsawon kaka, za a iya sake saukowa zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, har ma daga Nuwamba-Disamba. A cikin 2016, Na shuka tafarnuwa hunturu a cikin shekaru goma na farkon Disamba (daidai, a kan Disamba 3). Hakora sun kafe, saman ganye masu zuwa nan gaba kadan kore ne. Irin wannan cigaba shine ingantacciyar juyawa zuwa hutun hunturu. Idan an shuka shi a farkon matakai, lokacin da dumin yanayi yakan dawo zuwa kudu zuwa + 10 ... + 12 ° С, tafarnuwa tana kulawa da ganyayyaki har zuwa 5-6 cm, wanda ke daskarewa tare da dusar ƙanƙara da tsire-tsire masu bazara, wanda hakan ke haifar da nika.
Sauyin yanayin zafin jiki akai-akai a lokacin kaka yana buƙatar sake nazarin kwanakin dasa lokacin tafarnuwa tafarnuwa hunturu a tsakiyar yankin na Federationungiyar Rasha da CIS. A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, lokacin daga rabin na biyu na Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba an dauki mafi kyau lokacin. A halin yanzu, ingantaccen lokacin fadowar ya koma tsakiyar Oktoba. Zai fi kyau fara saukowa lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na dare ya kusanci +8 - + 10 ° С. Tafarnuwa za su sami lokaci don samar da tsarin tushen ci gaba ba tare da kore kore ba. Don haka, mahimmancin mahimmanci shine mafi yawan lokuta a fili suke yanke lokacin dasa cloves da shuka kwararan fitila don haifuwa. Idan cloves da kwararan fitila samar da ganye a cikin bazara, za su iya mutuwa a cikin bazara a lokacin dawowar sanyi ko kuma tsawon lokacin ciyayi zai ji rauni kullum.
Tafarnuwa
Hanya ta gaba don girbi mai kyau shine hasken haske. Idan albarkatun gona sun lalace ta hanyar tafarnuwa tafarnuwa, shugabannin za su narke. Manyan shugabanni basa fitowa lokacin da tafarnuwa ke girma a inuwa m.
Magabata
Don haka tafarnuwa ba ta cika da cututtuka masu yaduwa ba, ana mayar da al'adar ta zuwa tsohon wurin yin namo bayan shekaru 4-5. Wani mahimmin yanayi shine al'adun da suka gabata. Mafi kyawun magabata sune al'adu na dangin Namiji (tumatir, barkono, eggplant), kabewa (kabewa, cucumbers, zucchini), cruciferous (kabeji, saladi).
Tafarnuwa hunturu maƙwabta ne masu kyau don bushesan itace da yawa: blackcurrant, rasberi, guzberi, strawberry da strawberry daji. Yana da sakamako mai kyau a cikin girma da haɓakar cucumbers da dankali. Yana kare su, kamar wardi, gladioli, tulips daga slugs, drills, caterpillars. Smellanshin warin tafarnuwa don moles. Tafarnuwa, dasa kusa da fure, yana rage yiwuwar lalacewar al'adun baƙaƙen fata.
Disinasa mai rarraba
Matakan asalin cutar na da matukar muhimmanci ga tafarnuwa. Mafi girma shine, ƙarancin bege don samuwar shugabannin tafarnuwa lafiya. Saboda haka, kafin dasa shuki tafarnuwa, koyaushe ya zama dole don aiwatar da matakan sharewa.
Babban cikinsu za'a iya kiransa shuka na phacelia siderat. Phacelia takin zamani ne mai ban mamaki.Ya warkar da kasar gona daga kusan dukkanin nau'in cututtukan fungal (marigayi Blight, root rot), yana lalata kwari (wireworm, nematode, ayau). Phacelia yayi nasara deoxidizes kasar gona. Yana hana haɓakar ciyawar ƙanƙara (katako, da sauransu).
Kyakkyawan cire wireworm daga shafin shine gabatarwar siffofin ammonium na takin mai ma'adinai, gami da ruwan ammoniya, sulfon ammonium, potassium sulfate.
Idan gado tafarnuwa ya mamaye karamin yanki, zaku iya zubar da yankin tare da mafita na potassiumgangan.
Ana shirya kasar gona don dasa tafarnuwa
Tafarnuwa fi son haske kasa tare da tsaka tsaki acidity. Idan an acidified ƙasa, yin 1 kopin lemun tsami ko dolomite gari ta 1 square. m Tafarnuwa baya yarda da ambaliyar ruwa da sabbin kwayoyin halitta. Lokacin da aka ƙara ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na kirki kai tsaye zuwa dasa tafarnuwa, akwai mummunan rauni na cututtukan fungal, ingancin kwararan fitila tafarnuwa yana raguwa. Saboda haka, idan ya cancanta, sassauta ƙasa mai nauyi, humus da taki ya kamata a shafa wa amfanin da ya gabata, da tafarnuwa - peat, yashi, bishiyar bishiyoyi masu ɗorawa (conifers acidify the ƙasa).
Don digging kaka (25-30 cm) amfani da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun - 35-50 g / m² ko cakuda gilashin ash da takin mai magani na potassium - 30 da 20 g / m², bi da bi. A hankali ne aka leka kasar. Suna fara dasawa a cikin makonni 1-2 domin kasa tayi karya ta hanyar narkewa wuraren zama. A zahiri 1-2 kwanaki kafin dasa, 15 g / m² na ammonium nitrate an ƙara ko grooves da tushen bayani. Wannan hanya tana da kyawawa musamman lokacin jinkiri tare da shuka don hanzarta samuwar tushen tsarin.
Ana shirya kayan dasawa
Za'a iya siyan kayan dasa tsiro a wuraren masarufi na musamman, amma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da samfurin amfanin gona da aka girma a cikin shekara ta yanzu. Don dasa shuki, zaɓi mafi girma shugabanni kuma, a ranar dasawa, yanke su cikin haƙoran daban-daban na hakora. Idan an shirya hakora a gaba, to kasan ƙashin haƙoran ya bushe kuma, gwargwadon haka, ƙarfin kuzari yana raguwa. A cikin tsawon lokacin ajiya na tsage hakora, ƙila ba za su iya fito ba.
An lalata haƙoran hakora a cikin mafita na potassiumgangan (30-40 na mintuna) kuma dasa. Ana iya aiwatar da haƙorin haƙori a cikin maganin 1% na baƙin ƙarfe sulfate. Ana kiyaye haƙoran hakora a cikin sulhu ba fiye da minti 1 ba. Wasu ƙwararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar fara fitar da haƙora a cikin maganin gishiri (40-50 g / 5 l na ruwa) na minti 1-2. Sa'an nan kuma nan da nan rage ƙananan maganin maganin sulfate a cikin 1% bayani na minti 1 kuma, ba tare da yin wanki ba, fara fara dasa kayan.
Idan waɗannan kayan basu samu ba, za'a iya ɗaukar ƙwayar kayan dasa abubuwa tare da maganin alkaline. An zuba 400 g na ash a cikin ruwa 2 na ruwa, a tafasa don awanni 0.5, a sanyaya. Ana tace maganin sanyi kuma an riƙe haƙoran hakora cikin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya na awoyi 1.5-2.0. Wanke tare da Boiled ruwan sanyi kuma dasa.
Dasa tafarnuwa hunturu
Kyakkyawan tsarin dasa tafarnuwa talakawa ne ko kuma layi biyu (layi biyu). Faɗin tsakanin maɓallin ya kai cm 10 cm, tsakanin layuka 25 cm ko faɗin katako. Nisa a jere shine cm 8 cm ko tsawon akwatin daidaitaccen wasa. Lokacin dasa shuki yayi kauri, toka da kwararan fitila zasu zama karami. Zurfin sakawa shine girman hakori 2 ko kuma kasa da santimita 5-7. Don dasa shuki, saurin saurin yadudduka ƙasa a bazara zai haifar da nika da hakora. Idan kasar gona bushe, pre-ruwa kasan da farirow daga watering iya. Rufe kuma matakin ƙasa. Duk da isasshen juriya na sanyi na tafarnuwa hunturu (-18 ... -25 ° C), tabbatar da ciyawa dasa kowane karamin ciyawa. Daga hankaka zaku iya rufe gado tare da rassan spruce ko rassan bushe.
Dasa tafarnuwa cloves.
Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa
Kasa kwance
A cikin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, dasa tafarnuwa dole ne a flaked. Haɗuwa za ta cire kwandon ƙasa, cire rudiments na ciyawa, da ƙara haɓakar isowar oxygen zuwa tushen tsirrai. Kasancewar ɓawon burodi na ƙasa yana hana ci gaban kwararan fitila tafarnuwa. Suna guntu da kuma zama shredded shugabannin.
Watse
M karuwa a cikin m taro na tafarnuwa faruwa a watan Mayu, Yuni da kuma farkon rabin Yuli. Ana yin ruwa 3 sau ɗaya a wata a yanayin al'ada. A cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi, ana ƙara yawan ruwa zuwa sau 5-6 a kowane wata. Idan bazara ta yi sanyi, kar a sha tafarnuwa. Tsire-tsire a cikin zamani girma girma bukatar zafi, amma daidaituwa da ruwa sama sosai da kuma nauyi watering take kaiwa zuwa fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta, tushen rot, ganye tsatsa. Don rage adadin shayarwa da kuma kiyaye ƙasa ta daɗe, ya zama dole don sassauta da ciyawa ƙasa bayan kowace ruwa. A cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe da sauri, ba tare da mulching manyan shugabannin tafarnuwa ba za'a iya samu.
Aƙalla daga farkon shekaru goma na Yuli, lokacin da girbin-farkon girbin shugabannin tafarnuwa ya fara, suna canzawa zuwa riƙe danshi na ƙasa ko soke ban ruwa. Ba sa barin bushewa, saboda haka busasshiyar ƙasa bata ɗauki danshi daga haƙoran hakora.
Tafarnuwa saman miya
Don yin ciyarwa ya fi tasiri, suna haɗe tare da sha. Tafarnuwa shugabannin sun sami damar tara nitrogen, don haka ƙarin tanadin al'ada tare da abubuwan gina jiki dole ne a kula da su da kyau. A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da tafarnuwa sau 2-3, ba ƙari.
Ana aiwatar da riguna na farko na tafarnuwa hunturu a kan ƙasa mai laushi a cikin tsari na ganye 3-4 tare da maganin urea (20-25 g / 10 l na ruwa) tare da gudan wuta na 3 l na bayani a 1 sq. m square.
Ana yin sutura ta biyu na tafarnuwa bayan makonni 2 tare da nitrofos, nitroammophos ko wasu takin a cikin adadin 2 tablespoons a 1 m². Za'a iya amfani da miya babba a cikin bushewa ko cikin bayani (2 tablespoons a lita 10 na ruwa, a kowace m 2 2).
Za'a iya fitar da riguna na uku akan kasa mai ƙyalli. A kan yashi da haske kasa, a cikin lokaci na kai samuwar da girma (shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni), suna ciyar da superphosphate - 30-40 g / m².
Idan aka lura cewa tsire-tsire sannu a hankali gina sama-ƙasa taro, ƙarin foliar saman miya za a iya za'ayi tare da jiko na ash ko tsuntsu droppings, takin mai magani mai ruwa-ruwa tare da saitin abubuwan da aka gano.
Ana shirya hanyoyin magance abubuwan da ke gaba:
- Gilashin 1 na ash ko ganyayen tsuntsaye an narke a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa, ana tace tsire-tsire kuma an feshe su,
- Kuna iya amfani da cokali na crystallin tare da saita microelement (saya a cikin shagon) don lita 8 na ruwa.
Za'a iya amfani da miya na Foliar saman tafarnuwa a cikin kowane haɗuwa, amma ƙara maida hankali, saboda yana dacewa, amma baya maye gurbin, babban riguna. Idan ka shayar da tsirrai, dandano da ingancin kwararan fitila da abin ya lalace.
Tafarnuwa ba ta da kyau. Daga zaɓin shekaru, ba zai yuwu a sami manyan shugabanni na lokaci ba. Sabili da haka, dole ne a sabunta kayan bayan shekaru 3-4. Don yin wannan, an girbe inflorescences ana girbe, an dauki manyan kwararan fitila kuma an shuka su a kusa da Satumba - farkon Oktoba. A shekara ta gaba suna karɓar hakora guda ɗaya, wanda, lokacin da aka shuka shi a cikin kaka, samar da lafiya, cikakke manyan sifofin tafarnuwa hunturu.
Dubi kuma kayanmu: Muna girma tafarnuwa daga kwararan fitila.
An kafa manyan kawuna ta tafarnuwa hunturu, idan an cire kibau a daidai gwargwado kamar yadda suka bayyana. An cire kibiyoyi a tsayin 10 cm. Sun karya ko yankewa, suna barin shafin 2-3 cm.
Kare tafarnuwa daga Cutuka da Cututtuka
Tafarnuwa
Kamar kowane kayan lambu, tafarnuwa hunturu tana iya kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar fungal, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka. Shirye-shiryen sunadarai don kariya daga cututtuka da kwari a kan tafarnuwa ba da shawarar ba. Zai fi kyau amfani da biofungicides mafi dacewa kuma ba tare da barazanar lafiyar masu mallakar gida ba, yara, dabbobi. Zasu iya sarrafa tsire-tsire daga farkon kwanakin rayuwarsu har zuwa girbi, wanda zai ba ku damar samun samfuran lafiya.
Idan, tare da cikawar dacewar duk bukatun fasaha na aikin gona, tafarnuwa hunturu ta canza launi, aibobi, dige, kibiyoyi sun bayyana akan ganyayyaki, haɓaka ya tsaya, to, tsiron yana kamuwa.Mafi cututtuka na yau da kullun sune tsatsa ganye, tushen tushe, fusarium, mildew powdery, farin rot na ƙasa, da dai sauransu Kuna buƙatar fara farawa nan da nan tsirrai da ƙasa tare da alirin, gamair, phytosporin, glyocladin, planriz. An ba da shirye-shiryen samarda mafita da aikace-aikacen su a cikin shawarwarin, ba shi yiwuwa ya karkace daga bukatunsu. Increasearawar mai zaman kanta a cikin taro, fesawa a ƙananan yanayin bazai da sakamako mai kyau da ake tsammani akan tsire-tsire.
Karin Tafarnuwa
Daga cikin kwari, mafi cutarwa su ne: albasa tashi, wanda larvae ci naman da hakora, kara nematode, albasa beetles, thrips, ticks, sirrin mafarauta da sauransu.
Babban hanyoyin sarrafawa sun haɗa da riguna masu wajaba na kayan shuka da lura da tsirrai da ƙasa tare da bioinsecticides. Sakamakon asalin halitta na halitta, bioinsecticides ba shi da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam kuma baya cikin jaraba a cikin kwari.
Waɗannan sun haɗa da actofit da aka fi amfani da su, avertin-N, mycoafidine, lepidocide, bitoxybacillin, nemabact, bicol, pecilomycin (daga nematodes) da sauransu.
Inganci, a matsayin gwargwado na hanawa, dasa bishiyoyin marigold da marigolds tare da gefen gadaje da kuma tsakanin manyan layuka na tafarnuwa. Gwanin nematode, rarrafe akan ƙanshi na amfanin gona na fure, yi amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga asalinsu don abinci mai gina jiki, wanda yake da guba ga nematode kuma yana haifar da mutuwar kwari.
Girbi
Ana Sharewa a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. Juji tsire-tsire suna bushe a cikin inuwa don kwanaki 3-5. Sa'an nan kuma yanke yanki na iska, barin 5-6 cm daga cikin shafi. Ya kamata a lura cewa kusan dukkanin nau'ikan tafarnuwa hunturu sun bambanta da manyan albasa. Don haka, nau'ikan nau'ikan Komsomolet suna da nauyin 80-110 g, Sofievsky - 90-110 g, Otradnensky - har zuwa 100 g.
Dasa tafarnuwa cloves.
Yawancin tafarnuwa hunturu don girma a cikin ƙasar
Iri na fari: Bashkir (wanda ba ya harbi), Broadleaf -220 (wanda ba ya harbi).
Matsakaicin maki
- Alcor - don yanayin yammacin Siberiya,
- Podmoskovny (wanda ba a harbi ba) - don yankin Moscow da kuma yankunan da ke kusa da su,
- Lyubasha - don Ukraine da tsakiyar yankuna na Rasha,
- Nazus aka yi nufi ga Urals da kewaye yankuna,
- Komsomolet - don yankuna na arewacin.
Daga cikin sauran nau'ikan tafarnuwa na tsakiyar, ana iya ba da shawarar don namo a yankin na tsakiya da yankuna masu sanyi: Dogara, Jamusanci, Dubkovsky, Antonik, ranar tunawa da Gribovsky, Gribovsky-60, Novosibirsk (ba harbi), Zubrenok, Losevsky, Sofievsky, Skif, Danilovsky da sauransu. Duk nau'ikan suna iya girma a yankuna na kudu, suna samar da albarkatu masu inganci.
Yadda za a yi girma tafarnuwa
Ba kamar hunturu ba, ana shuka tafarnuwa na bazara a lokacin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa ta tashi sama cikin maɓallin 15 cm zuwa + 5 ... + 8 ° С. An bambanta tafarnuwa Spring ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙananan shugabannin. Don samun shugabannin da suka fi girma, ana shuka su da wuri-wuri. Al'adar tana da tsayayyar sanyi kuma tana ci gaba sosai a yanayin zafi. Sabili da haka, idan ba zai yiwu a auna zafin jiki na ƙasa ba, to, yawanci lambu, yana mai da hankali kan lokacin daga dusar ƙanƙara, haka kuma ya dogara da yankin da sauyin yanayi, fara shuka a farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu.
Roarshen tafarnuwa na bazara ba sa tsoron dawowar sanyi lokacin sanyi kuma ya bayyana a zazzabi na + 3 ... + 4 ° С.
An shirya ƙasa don tafarnuwa spring a cikin bazara, don kada ku dame shi a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi mai sanyi.
Abubuwan agrotechnical na yanayin muhalli, shirye-shiryen ƙasa da kayan dasa ba su bambanta da tafarnuwa hunturu.
Yanayin tafarnuwa na zazzabi na tafarnuwa na bazara
Abubuwan buƙatun tafarnuwa na bazara zuwa tsarin canjin yanayin yana canzawa a lokacin girma. Kuna iya daidaita shi ta zurfin hakora. Don zafin jiki ya zama mai kyau a cikin sashin ci gaban tushen tsarin (+ 5 ... + 10 ° С), hakoran ana shuka su ne zuwa zurfin 5-6 cm kuma an shuka ciyawar saboda ƙasa a cikin wannan Layer ɗin yayi taushi a hankali. A zazzabi mai ƙarancin ƙasa, ƙwaƙwalwa suna motsawa sosai cikin haɓaka, kuma tushen tsarin yana haɓaka da sauri. Wata daya daga baya (daga lokaci na sanya kwararan fitila na tafarnuwa), mafi kyawun iska shine + 15 ... + 20 ° and, kuma daga baya, lokacin da kwararan fitila suka fado, - + 20 ... + 25 ° С.
Kuna iya sarrafa zazzabi na iska da ƙasa (ba shakka, in mun gwada da) ta amfani da mulching da kuskuren kuskure. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana amfani da ciyawa mai launi (launin doki), a cikin yanayi mai zafi - haske (sawdust, shavings). Za a iya mulched da mowed, ciyawa bushe. Jigilar da take kwance ta wuce iska sosai kuma tana hana dumama ƙasa. Ana ba da shawarar Layer ciyawa aƙalla 4-5 cm. Tare da wannan dabarar, zaku iya rage yawan zafin jiki a kan ƙasa daga 1 zuwa 3 ° C har ma fiye da haka.
Spring tafarnuwa miya
Ana ciyar da tafarnuwa na bazara sau 2 yayin kakar girma. Ba za ku iya (kamar hunturu) overfeed al'adu ba. Lokacin da overfeeding a cikin hakora, da nitrite nau'i na mahadi nitrogen tara (guba ga mutane), da ingancin hakora rage sosai. Don ciyar da tafarnuwa bazara, idan ƙasa lokacin babban shiri yana da kyau tare da takin mai magani, zaku iya amfani da nitrofoska ko tincture na 1 kofuna na mullein sabo ko digo na tsuntsu tare da kofuna biyu na ash a cikin lita 10-12 na ruwa. Mix Mix da kyau da kyau, iri da kuma kara zuwa ga hanya domin watering, bi mulching.
Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa
Kula da tafarnuwa na bazara (namo, sha, kariya daga cututtuka da kwari) babu bambanci da tafarnuwa hunturu.
Girbi
Ya zuwa watan Agusta, ganye sun zama rawaya, sun kwanta, al'adar ta shirya girbi. Sun tono tafarnuwa, sun goge shi a ƙasa kuma, bayan ya bushe, saƙa shi da abin rufe fuska. A wannan tsari, an adana tafarnuwa a wuri mai sanyi, bushe. Rayuwar shiryayye na kwararan fitila na tafarnuwa yana tsayayya da bushewa ya kai shekaru 1.5-2.0. Yawancin nau'ikan da aka adana har zuwa watanni 10.
Iri da tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa don girma a ƙasar:
- Harshen Aleisky shine tsakiyar lokaci, ana yin saiti don yanayi a Yammacin Siberiya.
- Yankin Sochi-56 yana da cikakke, yana da tsayayya da tsauraran yanayi a yankuna na kudanci da cututtuka. An samu nasarar girma a tsakiyar yankin canjin yanayin ƙasa.
- Bambancin Permyak tsakiyar kakar, wanda aka tsara don yankuna na arewacin.
- Daban-daban Degtyarsky tsakiyar kakar don yankuna na arewacin.
Ta yaya zaka shuka tafarnuwa? Raba asirin da aka tabbatar da kuma ingantaccen bayani a cikin bayanan!
