Iyali: Maple ko Sapinda. Rod: Maple. Nau'in cututtukan dabbobi: Maple (an Amurka (Acer negundo) ko maɓallin Yasenelistny.
An samo shi a cikin daji a Arewacin Amurka. Yana nufin tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto. Ya fi son gina jiki, tare da matsakaici ƙasa danshi. Yana bukatar matsakaici watering. Tsawon tsirrai ya kai 20 kuma kaɗan fiye da mita. Tsawon rayuwa a cikin daji ya kai shekaru 100. Hanyar yaduwa: ta zuriya.
Itace Maple na andasar Turanci
Maan Maɗaukakin Amurka mallakar bishiyoyi ne masu rarrafe. Itacen yana da ɗan gajeren wando mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a gindi. Itatuwan bishiyar, da duhu yadashi da gangar jikinta. Samari matasa suna da ƙananan fasa a saman haushi. Yayin da itacen yake girma, suna zama mai zurfi, a hankali suna jujjuya cikin tsagi.
Dogon, yafa, m rassan kore ko launi na zaitun tashi daga sabon saitin gangar jikin. A kan rassan itace zaka iya ganin launin shuɗi, mara laushi mara nauyi. Crohn yana da fadi kuma yana yaduwa.
Ganyen suna da hadaddun, pinnate, petiolate. Kowane takarda ya ƙunshi ganye 3 ko 5 tsayi (har zuwa 10 cm). Ganyen yana da fa'idar gefen kuma yatsa, wani lokacin ma, lobed. Saman farfajiyar ya gama duhu fiye da ƙasa. Partashin ɓangaren takardar shine ɗan ƙaramin abu. A cikin kaka, ganye suna canza launi zuwa tabarau na launin rawaya da ja.
Ganyen Maple na Amurka suna kama da bayyanar ganye kamar ganye, saboda haka ɗayan "suna" na wannan tsiro shine Yasenovidny Maple. Maple shine dioecious shuka. A kan bishiya ɗaya, amma a kan rassa daban-daban, akwai furanni mace da namiji. Ana tattara furanni na namiji a cikin rataye masu rataye. Anwunsu an fentin su cikin jan kunne. Matar inflorescences na kore kuma an tattara su a cikin goge inflorescence. Maple Ba'amurke ya fara yin fure a watan Mayu. Fulawa ya ci gaba har sai ganye na farko suka bayyana. A cikin fall, farin Fluffy buds girma akan bishiya.
'Ya'yan itacen zaki da ke ɗauke da ƙwaya ɗaya da fuka-fukai biyu, sun kai tsawon cm 4. Tsarin kifayen ya girma cikin ƙarshen bazara (Agusta, Satumba) kuma ya kasance kan tsire har sai lokacin bazara. Bishiyoyi masu balaga suna tsayayya da sanyi sosai kuma suna iya jure yanayin zafi (ƙasa-35-C). Resistanceanƙanƙan ƙanana na ƙananan bishiyoyi sun fi ƙanƙanta.
An san tsire da haɓakar haɓaka da haɓaka mai sauri. Yana sauƙaƙe yana yarda da gurɓataccen iskar gas, wanda aka saba dashi don yayi girma a cikin birane. Yawan tsammanin rayuwar waje shine kusan shekaru 30. Bambanta a cikin babban rauni. Propagated da tsaba (kai shuka) da perennial harbe.
A baza American ashberry Maple
A cikin daji, ana samun kututturen Amurka a tugai (gandun daji a bakin kogunan koguna) a Kanada da Amurka. Ana iya gani a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a Tsakiyar Asiya, a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu ɗumi sosai, ko da ƙasa, ƙasa.
A cikin Rasha, a cikin daji, an rarraba shi sosai a yankin Tsakiya da Siberiya. Maple successfullyan ƙasar Amurika sun yi nasara tare tare da ire-iren ire-irensu, willows, gami da itacen ash.
Yin amfani da Maple
Sakamakon saurin haɓakawa da rashin daidaituwa, ana amfani da maple Amurka don shimfidar tituna na birni, lokacin ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa.
Koyaya, wannan shuka, a matsayin karkarar ƙasa, yana da nasa rashi:
- ɗan gajeren rai a cikin birane (har zuwa shekaru 30).
- ƙarancin lalacewa da iska mai ƙarfi, ruwan sama da ƙanƙara.
- kasancewar tushen harba cikin hanzari wanda ke lalata bututun mai kuma yana buƙatar gyara.
- samuwar a lokacin fure mai yawa na fure, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen mutum.
- wani babban kambi, mai faffada, yana girgiza tituna, wanda mazaunin kwari ne, gami da kwari.
- Tushen da lalata ganye suna fitar da gubobi waɗanda zasu iya hana ci gaban wasu tsirrai girma kusa da Maple.
- -Auki da yawa yana haifar da zubar da haɓaka, wanda dole ne a yi yaƙi kamar ciyawa.
Saboda haka, amfani da wannan itaciya azaman karkara ba koyaushe bane barata.
A cikin sharuddan kayan ado, maple Amurka ba ta da mahimmanci. Tana da kambi mai kyau, hoton kirkira ana zane shi a cikin kaka. Godiya ga launuka daban-daban na ganye (kore, rawaya da m) yana da ban sha'awa sosai.
A ƙirar ƙasa, kusan ba a amfani da shuka ba. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda fasalin fasalin ginin jikinsa. Ya gajarta, wanda aka goge, sau da yawa mai lankwasa. Rassan suna da rauni sosai. Maple ɗin Amurka bai dace da ƙirƙirar shinge ba kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ɗan lokaci na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don aikin lambun cikin sauri tare da wasu, ƙarin kayan ado, amma sannu a hankali suna girma.
Ash-itace maple itace mai gajeru kuma basu dawwama, saboda haka ya dace kawai don ƙirƙirar kwantena na katako da wasu abubuwa na gida.
Lowerarshen, mafi faffadar ɓangaren gangar jikin (komli) da haɓaka a kan akwati (bakin) na wannan shuka akan yanke suna da wani sabon abu da ba a saba gani ba, saboda haka ana amfani dasu sosai don yin ayyukan kirkira. Vases, an yanke suttura daga gare su, an yanke hannuwan wuka.
A cikin bazara, da shuka bada kashe mai yawa ruwan 'ya'yan itace ruwan' ya'yan itace. A wasu ƙasashe, alal misali, a Arewacin Amurka, an fara amfani da maple kamar sukari.
A cikin daji, tsire-tsire yana da mashahuri ga tsuntsayen da suke son yin sheƙarsu a kambi mai yawa, kuma a faɗuwar suna cin zaki. Suna son jin daɗin 'ya'yan itacen Maple da squirrel.
Dankin yana da darajar kiwo. A kan tushensa, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro sabbin siffofin kayan ado na bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Sakamakon zaɓi shine Maple na Flamingo, wanda yake da ƙima da ado.
Itace kulawa
Maple ɗin Amurka ba ya buƙatar kulawa sosai. Idan ka lura da tsirrai a hankali tare da sanya hankalinka, zai gode maka da rawanin chic kuma zai baka inuwa da sanyi a ranar zafi mai zafi.
Kula yayin dasa shuki ya ƙunshi saka takin ma'adinai kai tsaye zuwa ramin dasawa. Bayan dasa, yana da kyau a ciyawa da Trunks. Ana aiwatar da mulch tare da santimita biyar ko peat.
A cikin bazara, ana ciyar da shuka maganin maganin potassium da takin gargajiya na sodium. Ana yin kayan miya ta hanyar bazara ta hanyar tashar Kemira tashar wagon.
Maple maan ƙasar Amuri sauƙin yana haƙuri da fari, amma yana haɓakawa kuma yana haɓaka mafi kyau lokacin shayarwa. Darajar ruwa: lita 15 a karkashin wata itaciya. Don kananan bishiyoyi, yakamata a ƙara yawan al'ada sau 2. Yana da kyau a shayar da shuka sau ɗaya a wata, rani mai bushe - sau ɗaya a mako.
A lokacin bazara, weeding da loosening na ƙasa yana da kyawawa don wadatar da shi tare da oxygen. Kulawar bazara ta hada da bushewar rassan bushewa da marassa lafiya. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayayye rassan gefen da ke raye, yana da kyau a cire su.
A ƙarshen kaka, tushen wuyan matasa (na shekara) na tsire-tsire suna buƙatar rufe su tare da kayan mai yawa ko rassan spruce. Su ne mai saukin kamuwa ga daskarewa. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsaurin sanyi ne kuma basa buƙatar kariyar hunturu.
Girma
Dasa ne ake yi a lokacin bazara ko kaka. Dasa shuka ana aiwatar da su cikin ramuka na musamman, zuwa zurfin zurfin. Tushen wuya na seedling ya kamata ya zama a matakin ƙasa. A yayin taron cewa ruwan karkashin kasa ya wuce kusa da wurin saukowa, ko saukar da ƙasa ana yin shi a cikin gonaki masu ruwa, ya zama tilas a saki ƙarshen ramin. An saka magudanar ruwa wacce ta ƙunshi yashi da sharar gini a cikin hutun shuka, tare da furen da ya kai 20 cm.
Lokacin dasawa, ana shuka shuki a nisan nisan mita 3-4 daga juna. Don ƙirƙirar shinge - kowane ɗaya da rabi, mita biyu.
Ash Maple Flamingo
A cikin daji yayi girma a Arewacin Amurka. An gabatar da itacen zuwa Turai a karni na 17. An noma ta a Rasha tun daga 1796. A waje, wannan nau'in maple itace ce mai rarrafewar bishiya ko tsintsiya wacce take da tsintsiya mai yawa. Tsirren tsirrai 5-5. Abubuwan rarrabe na wannan nau'in ganye ne da kambi.
Flamingo maple yana da hadaddun, ganye mai pinnate, ya ƙunshi ganye na petiolate (daga 3 zuwa 5). Tsawon ganye yakai cm 10 A launi na ganyayyaki suna canzawa yayin da suke girma:
- a kan matasa harbe ganye ne azurfa-m.
- a lokacin rani, fararen fata - ruwan hoda kan iyaka yana bayyana a kansu kuma aibobi iri ɗaya na inuwa an rarraba su gabaɗaya a duk faɗin yankin ganye.
- Kusa da kaka, launi na ganye ya zama ruwan hoda mai haske tare da ruwan hoda mai duhu da rawaya mai launin kore.
Kambin bishiyar yana da nau'i mai zagaye tare da diamita har zuwa 4 mita da bayyanar budewa. An rarrabe ta da canza launi. Itacen yana da kyan gani sosai kuma ya zama ainihin kayan ado na tituna, murabba'ai da lambuna. Dankin yana riƙe da adorativeness gabaɗaya rayuwa.
Kamar sauran wakilan halittar Maple, Flamingo maple shine dioecious plant. A daya shuka ne namiji da mace inflorescences. Suna da ƙanana kaɗan kuma suna da launin fure. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - kifi mai zaki.
Wannan nau'in maple yana girma sosai a cikin wurare masu haske, yana ƙaunar haihuwa, ƙasa mai daɗin rai. Yin tsayayya da yanayin zafi.
