Yana da daɗi sosai don sha'awar launuka masu haske na Dahlia a gonar! Yawan nau'ikan launuka da launuka na waɗannan dumi kuma wasu tsire-tsire na gida suna mamakin da jin daɗi. Sunan farko na 'yan Aztec sun ba dahwa ta farko, suna kiransa "aktil". Wuraren Aztec da Mayans sun haɗu da su, an girma furanni don yin ado da haikalin Sun da al'adun bautar rana. Sun ce ana amfani da daskararrun matattarar su a wancan zamanin kamar bututun ruwa. A yau, ana iya samun dahlias a kusan kowane lambu. Bayan duk, ban da kayan ado masu girma, suna da ƙarin fa'idodi guda ɗaya - unpretentiousness a cikin barin. Cikakkun bayanai suna cikin labarin.
Dahlias a cikin lambun
Bayanin Botanical Dahlia
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da fleshy, Tushen fatsi-mai-bakin bututu, mai tushe a madaidaiciya, daɗaɗa, mai laushi ko m, m, har zuwa tsayi 250 cm. Ganyen suna pinnate, wani lokacin sau biyu ko sau uku pinnate, ƙasa da yawa duka, 10-40 cm tsawo, na daban-daban pubescence, kore ko shunayya, located gaban.
Inflorescences dahlia - kwanduna, kwalliyar kwalliya, ta ƙunshi layuka 2-3 na ganyen ganye, waɗanda aka gasa a gindi. Dogayen fure furanni ne, babba ne, launuka iri iri ne; na tsakiya sune tubular, rawaya mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa-ja, 'ya'yan itacen suna da rauni.
Halin halittar Dahlia ya haɗu, bisa ga bayanan da yawa, daga nau'ikan 4 zuwa 24, ana rarraba su musamman a tsaunukan Mexico, Guatemala, da Columbia.
Zabi wani wuri a cikin lambu da dasa shuki dahlia
Don girma dahlias, kuna buƙatar zaɓi rana, an kiyaye shi daga wurare masu sanyi da iska mai ƙarfi tare da isasshen iska. Ba za ku iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa mara amfani ba. Nisa'I yayin dasa shuki ya dogara da tsayi da sifar wani daji na iri daya ko wani. Wurin da aka zaba don dahlia ya kamata a kunna wuta aƙalla sa'o'i shida na yamma.
A tsakiyar yankin, ana shuka dahlias a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen ƙarshen shekarun farko na Yuni, lokacin da hatsarin ƙarshen watan Yuni sanyi yake wucewa. Sun tono rami a kan bayonet don shebur, fitar da gungumen azaba 130-150 cm tsawon garter na nan gaba "daji", sanya a cikin wani rami, idan an buƙata ta ƙasa, turted taki, 20-30 g na superphosphate, haɗa komai da kyau, ruwa mai yawa kuma dasa ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da dunƙule na duniya , pre-girma a gida a kan windowsill ko a cikin greenhouse.
Lokacin da aka dasa shi daidai, dutsen tushe na Dahlia ya kamata ya zama 2-3 cm ƙasa da matakin ƙasa. An dasa shuka bayan an dasa shi a jikin gungume. Sannan ana aiwatar da garter kamar yadda ciyawar daji ke yawaita. Carearin kulawa ya ƙunshi a cikin ruwa na yau da kullun, weeding, loosening, kayan miya.
Yadda ake kulawa dahlias?
Kulawar Dahlia ya hada da kiwon dabbobi, lokatai zuwa ga turaku, shayarwa na yau da kullun da kuma kayan miya na zamani. A baya can, ba fiye da biyu buds ya kamata a bar a kan kowane tuber, a nan gaba, sauran harbe suna fashe saboda kada su raunana ci gaban manyan. Pegs don garter dahlia drive in kafin saukowa. Tsayin ya kamata ya zama 40 cm ƙasa da tsinkayen tsirran da kansa.The mai tushe zai fara ɗaure shi lokacin da suka isa 30 cm kuma suka ci gaba da yin wannan yayin da suke girma don kare su daga fashewa.
Hilling tsire-tsire yana da buri iri ɗaya. Don farkon fure, yana da Dole a cire kullun cire kullun - harbe a kaikaice a cikin axils na ganye, kuma wannan ya kamata a yi shi da wuri-wuri domin cutar da ƙarancin shuka. Fara daga ganye na hudun, sai an bar gefen gefen ya zama daji. Graarancin maki mai kyau na Dahlia ba su haihuwar jariri.
Don samun ƙarin inflorescences dace don yankan, tsunkule babban shoot a kan na huɗu biyu ganye, babba gefen harbe kafa a kan na biyu. An cire toho na tsakiya, wanda ke haifar da tsawaita da bugun kirji, yaduwar girman inflorescences. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin da aka fara bayyanar dahlias. Idan ba'a rage inflorescences ba, to, ana cire su da zaran sun fara fure. In ba haka ba, bayyanar tsire-tsire ganimar da ci gaban sabon buds yana jinkirta.
Dahlia tsare Melody Mambo
Ciyar da Dahlia ana aiwatar da shi ne bayan tsirrai sun sami tushe bayan dasawa (ba a baya ba sai kwanakin 5-7), tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 10 bayan shayar da shuka. Kewaya daji yayi rami tare da zurfin 10-12 cm, ciyar, sannan kuma ka shirya rami nan da nan. Don ciyarwa (sau 3-4) amfani da jiko mullein (1:10), ƙara superphosphate da takin nitrogen (20 g da 10 l na ruwa) a ciki. Hakanan yana da kyau a aiwatar da ciyarwa 3-4 tare da superphosphate (50 g a 10 l na ruwa) tare da ƙari da yawa na 3-4 na itace ash.
Tare da wannan kulawa, an sami cikakkiyar fure na dahlias kuma girman inflorescences yafi girma. Ana yin suturar miya a cikin watan Yuni da kuma farkon farkon Yuli, kuma a watan Agusta, ana yin miya kawai daya tare da potassium sulfate don mafi kyawun fitar da tubers (30 g a kowane daji). Ya kamata ku kasance ba ma m da takin mai magani na nitrogenous, tun da wannan ya rage tsananin fure, daji kawai yana samun babban adadin ciyayi, da rauni blooms da siffofin da aka adana talauci. Tun Satumba, dakatar da shayarwa da ciyar.
A tsakiyar watan Agusta, ana ba da shawarar cewa a rufe dahlias tare da 8-12 cm don kare tushen wuya daga lalacewa mai sanyi. Tun Satumba, dakatar da shayarwa da ciyar.
Kiwo dahlia
Tsarin iri Ana amfani da Dahlia sosai don rukuni na nau'ikan da ba sau biyu ba da kuma aikin zaɓi. Don shirya seedlings, shuka tsaba yana gudana a cikin Maris-Afrilu a cikin kwalaye tare da cakuda peat da yashi (3: 1). Don kauce wa cututtuka, ana shuka iri na 5-10 na mintuna a cikin wani maganin formalin (10 ml na 40% na maganin a kowace lita 1 na ruwa), a bushe akan takaddar tace. 'Ya'yan Dahlia suna nutsewa, yawanci a cikin tubalin peat ko ƙananan tukwane. Dasa dasa a cikin ƙasa bayan bazara dawo frosts.
Don yanke a ƙarshen Fabrairu da farkon Maris, ana dage farawa daga tushen tubers (bayan jiyya tare da maganin 0.1 na dindindin na dindindin na mintina 15), akan kanfuna ko a cikin akwatuna, an rufe 1/3 na tsayi tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki mai gina jiki, ana shayar da shi matsakaici. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin dakin da misalin 20-25 ° C. Lokacin da buds suka fara girma, an ƙara yawan ruwa, kuma rage zafin jiki zuwa 15-18 ° C. Ana ɗaukar yankan bayan makonni 3-4, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.
Don haɓaka tushen tushe, ana amfani da abubuwan ƙarfafa, wanda na yi amfani da gishiri na gishiri na heteroauxin da aka narke cikin ruwa. Yana da sauri zubar da haske a cikin haske, don haka ana gudanar da dukkan ayyuka tare da ƙarancin haske kuma a cikin jita-jita na opaque.
Da farko, an shirya 200 g na foda na yumbu mai narkewa ta hanyar sieve mai kyau (0.5 mm). Bayan haka an haɗu da shi tare da maganin heteroauxin (1 g na potassium gyada a cikin 200 ml na dusar ƙanƙara). 100 g na potassium ko sodium humate, wani bayani na ammonium molybdenum acid (5 g a cikin 100 ml na ruwa) da 50 g na talc an haɗa su a cakuda. All Mix sosai. Sakamakon cakuda yana bushe ba tare da dumama ba cikin duhu da murƙushe cikin foda. Wannan adadin mai kara kuzari ya isa ya sarrafa itace dubu 15. Ana zuba foda a cikin gilashi tare da kwanon ruwansu na 5 mm, wanda ya sa ganyen ya fara hulɗa da shi kawai da yankan.
Tun da ƙirar Dahlia na haɓaka ba wai kawai a kan tushe na wuyan ba, har ma a kan tushen ƙwayar cuta, suna shirya kayan aiki mai kaifi tare da madaidaiciya kuma mai ruwa mai kaɗa (ana iya yin shi daga halves na almakashi mai wutsi da hancin). Kayan aiki mai lalacewa zai lalata ƙwayar shuka, yana haifar da lalata. Yanke yanke tare da diddige. Da ya fi girma shi ne, da mafi nasara da shuka daukan tushe. Koyaya, a gefe guda, karuwa a diddige yana haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin girbin da aka girbe, tun da an yanke hutun bacci daga matattarar tushe, daga inda sabbin harbe zai fara daga baya. Tare da yin aiki da hankali daga tushen tushen ɗaya, zaka iya zuwa 50 cuttings. Dole ne a lalata kayan aikin tare da barasa bayan kowane aikin.
Dole ne a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa yin amfani da kwayoyin halittu da kuma fasaha mai dacewa don cire cut ɗin ba zai kawo sakamakon da ake tsammani ba idan wannan nau'in yana da ƙarancin ikon kafa tushen.
Don tushen tushe, ana ɗaukar itace waɗanda tushe wanda ba ya ƙarancin mm 3 a diamita da tsawo na cm cm 8. Daga tsire-tsire masu sihiri da aka samo cewa Bloom yayi latti ko kuma basu da lokacin zuwa fure. A cikin gidan kore, yana da kyau a cire itace da sassafe ko da yamma. Dahlia harbe suna kashewa lokacin rana da rana sukan mutu lokacin da aka kafe. Za'a iya bayanin wannan ta gaskiyar cewa a irin wannan lokacin da ake girka kore sosai sosai, gumi na iska yana raguwa, rashin ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki yana ƙaruwa, harbe kuma suna cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi. (Ana iya amfani da guda ɗaya ga yankan furanni.) Tsawan mintuna 15-20 kafin a yanke iri, dole ne a yayyafa Tushen ruwa da ruwa, zai fi dacewa dusar ƙanƙara ko ruwan sama, don ƙara ƙoshin tarko a cikin ƙwayoyin shuka.
'Ya'yan Dahlia da aka dasa a cikin kwalaye suna shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi daga ruwa mai iya canzuwa. A cikin akwatin saka alama tare da ranar da cuttings. Kwana biyu da cuttings ya kamata a cikin wani wuri rufe, to, 5 days - karkashin diffused haske. Kuma bayan haka ana iya fuskantar hasken rana, amma ba a wuce awowi 8 a rana ba. A lokacin tushen, dole ne a mai da gurbin mai magani mai zafi.
Watering da cuttings ya kamata a yi tare da mai sprayer da sassafe da yamma. Idan zazzabi a cikin greenhouse ya tashi sama da 30 °, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar fesawa sau da yawa. Itatuwan zaunannen kowane dalili dole ne a cire shi nan da nan.
Rooting dahlia na faruwa, a matsakaita, bayan kwana 10-15. Daga kwalaye, ana shuka itace a cikin tukwane, daga gidajen kora - a buɗe. Kafin dasa, tsire-tsire dole ne a taurare. Tushen daskararre a farkon Yuni ana shuka su cikin kungiyoyi ko layuka a nesa na 60-80 cm.
Tushen Dahlia a cikin fall bayan fure
Tushen Dahlia ana rarraba ganima kaɗan kafin dasa, yankan cikin sassa biyu ko uku tare da wuka mai kaifi domin kowane tsage ya ƙunshi bututun tushen da kuma guntun wuyan da yake da idanu biyu zuwa uku. Dukkan yanka an yafa masa da gawayi da taguwa (1: 1). Dasa wuri ana aiwatar da shi a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni, yana zurfafa tushen wuyansa ta hanyar cm 3-5 (kafewar itace zuwa ganyen farko).
Cututtuka da Karin kwari Dahlia
M jiyya na Dahlia tubers daga cututtuka da kwari
Bayan duk ayyukan, lokaci ya yi da za a bi da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta tare da fungicides (kowane nau'in fungicide ko sulfur ya dace). Kuna iya yin kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliyar Dahlia tare da magani, ko zaku iya tsarma shi cikin ruwa kuma ku tsoma duka asalin tushen maganin. Babu wanda ya nuna damuwarsa a yayin jerin cikakke na digo na dahlias a cikin akwati guda, ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya baza.
Lokacin da kake zaɓar nau'in ƙwayar cuta na kashe-kashe, riƙe tubers a cikin bayani na kimanin mintina 15. Bayan wannan hanyar, kuna buƙatar bushe su ta hanyar sanya su a kan katako, kwali ko yadudduka da yawa na jaridu (aiwatar da wannan hanyar bi da bi, a cewar groupsungiyoyin etwararru na ,an tubers, don haka akwai ƙarancin damar rikitar da nau'ikan).
Kada a bushe tubers nah a kan kankare, kamar sun taimaka shimfiɗa danshi da prematurely alagammana tubers. Koyaushe suna da lakabin suna tare da sunan ire-iren wannan rukunin tubers ɗin da ke hannun. Idan kwantena da yawa tare da bayani an shirya, sanya a cikin kowane tubers na wannan aji kuma bari a tsaya na mintina 15. Wasu yan lambu suna kara maganin kashe kwari don maganin kashe kwari.
Mahimmin bayani: fitar da duk Dahlia tubers, wanda, lokacin da aka nutse, kada ku nutse, amma taso kan ruwa daga saman mafita - har yanzu ba za su kasance har zuwa kaka mai zuwa ba.
Ka tuna cewa duk hanyoyin da ake da ciyawar a wannan matakin na aiki tare da sunadarai dole ne a aiwatar dasu tare da safofin hannu na roba!
Marubuta daban-daban suna ba da shawarar daga mintina 15 zuwa 30 don sarrafa tubers Dahlia. Kuma yawancin masana basu ga damar yin amfani da abubuwan hana maye ba kwata-kwata. Wataƙila yanayin yana taka rawar yanke hukunci anan: a cikin yanayin damuna don girma dahlias, da yiwuwar cututtukan fungal a cikinsu yana ƙaruwa fiye da wanda ke bushe.
Tsotsa da cizon kwari dahlia
Theungiyoyin farko sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, aphids, ciyawar kore, pennies na zagi. A cikin shekaru bushe, suna cutarwa musamman. Bugu da ƙari, wasu kwari sune masu ɗaukar moral na kwafin Dahlia, don haka aiwatarwa na yau da kullun na matakan rigakafi da lalata sune yanayin zama dole don al'adun nasara.
Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo (Tetranychus urticae) zaune a kan gindin ganye, inda ya samar da yanar gizo. Tan tsararraki masu launin shuɗi ne ko launin shuɗi, 0.3-0.5 mm mai tsayi. Damahlias da suka lalace suna nuna ganyayyaki na fadowa ko aibobi masu launin fari-fari akan su. Cutar ado ta raguwa, kuma a cikin yanayin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, ya mutu.
Aphids (Aphis fabae, Myzodes persicae) - kwari 1.4-2.5 mm mai tsayi, baƙar fata (bebi aphid) ko launin shuɗi (launin aphid) launi. Samu manyan mazauna, haifar da nakasa daga cikin ganyayyaki, tsumburai girma da fure, asarar decorativeness. Ganyen an rufe shi da narkewar narkewar abinci, wanda akan fito da naman gwari.
Greenhouse bunƙasa (Neliothrips haemorrhoidalis) launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, tsayin mm 1-1.5, yalwar jiki, fuka-fukan gaba da ƙafafu. Larvae fararen fata ne; sun bambanta da kwari manya da ƙarancin fikafikai da kuma rashin fikafikan sa Tafiya ya rage a garesu na ruwan tabe, akan ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ganyayyaki sun sayi kayan silvery, juya rawaya kuma ya mutu.
Yan matan da basu dace ba (Philaenus spumarius) yana zaune a cikin duhun ganyayyaki da furanni. Larvae mai ruwan hular sa, sanya abubuwa masu kauri, masu cutarwa ne. Daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa Yuni, suna lalata ganyayyaki a ƙasa. Afanƙan leaf suna wrinkled, an rufe su da rawaya masu launin shuɗi; peduncles ba su girma.
Matakan da za a sarrafa tsotse kwari: tarin da kuma lalata tarkacewar tsiro da weedswaya, tono ƙasa na kaka; fesawa tare da ɗayan shirye-shirye - anti (0.1-0.2%), trichloromethaphosome-3, fosalone (0.2%), karbofos (0.2-0.3%), sabulu kore (2%) ko taba sigari (2%), yarrow (8%), buhun albasa (1/2 guga na cika a ruwa tsawon kwana guda).
Dahlias
A kan kaska, zaka iya amfani da celtan, kaho (0.2%), jiko na tafarnuwa (2%), fi dankalin turawa (10%), tsirrai masu fure tare da zazzabi. Tasirin jiyya yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar takin gargajiya da takin mai magani (50 g na potassium chloride ko sulfate da 100 g na superphosphate da 10 l na ruwa).
Daga cikin kwari mai sa ƙwaya na dahlias, mafi cutarwa sune scoops - Lilac, fis, lambu, da Nutcrackers da Khrushchev.
M ƙarafa (Hydroecia micacea) yana lalata --an itacen - makanta 30-30 mm mai tsayi yana cin abin da ke ciki. A lokaci guda, harbe suna bushewa, sau da yawa suna kashe. Maƙanƙan buɗe ido suna sanya ƙwai akan mai tsire-tsire.
Lambun da fis fiswar (Polia oleracea, P. pisi) ku ci ganyayyaki da furannin fure. Pupae hunturu a cikin ƙasa. Butterflies tashi a watan Yuni-Yuli, mace sa qwai a cikin heaps kan ganye.
Matakan da scoops: lokacin da matafila suka bayyana, aka fesa tsire-tsire tare da chlorophos, rotor, trichloromethaphos-3 (0.2%), carbophos (0.2-0.3%) ko entobacterin-3 (0.1-0.5%). Don mafi kyawun mannewa na poisons, an ƙara manna a cikin mafita a cikin nauyin 10 g da lita 1.
Bai kamata a gabatar da dungum mai ɗorawa ba a ƙarƙashin dahlias; a irin waɗannan wuraren, tsire-tsire sun lalace sosai; lokacin da ake iyakance kasar gona, tsire-tsire basu da kamuwa da cutar.
Abun kunne na yau da kullun (Forficula auricularia) resinous launin ruwan kasa, mai hade da jiki (har zuwa 20 mm). Yana lalata tsire-tsire da dare, gnaws ramuka akan ganye, ya ci furannin fure da girma harbe. Ana lura da lahani ga ƙwaƙwalwar kunne daga Yuli zuwa Satumba.
Matakan Gudanarwa: zurfafa haɓakar ƙasa a cikin bazara, fesa tsire-tsire tare da infusions na tafarnuwa da albasa Sikeli. A dare, don jawo hankalin kwari, sa fitar da baits daga ciyawa, planks. Da yamma ana duba su kuma an lalatar da ɓarnar kunnuwa.
Dahlia tubers da Tushen sukan lalace. larvae na nutcrackers (wireworms) da grubs. A lokaci guda, matasa tsire-tsire suna mutuwa, kuma tsofaffi baya a cikin girma; da tubers rot.
Dark nutcracker (Agriotes obscurus), taguwar nutcracker (A. lineatus), zuriya mai zurfi (A. sputator), babban nutcracker (Selatosomus latus) da kuma baƙar fata mai baƙar fata (Athous niger) sun fi yawa. Jikin larvae kunkuntar, tsawo, rawaya, ko launin ruwan kasa; kafaffun kafafunsa gajere, da tsayi tsayi. Beetwon ƙwaro suna baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa, suna hunturu a cikin ƙasa, kuma a watan Mayu sun zo farfaɗo kuma nan da nan suka sanya ƙwaiyensu - a cikin ƙananan rukuni a cikin ƙasa na sama. Larvae haɓaka shekaru 3-4. Sun fi son ƙasa mai laushi, tare da farkon yanayin bushe suna motsa zuwa yadudduka masu zurfi.
Gabashin May Khrushchev (Melolontha hippocastani) da Yuni khrushch (Amphimallon solstitialis) - kwari dahlia masu haɗari. Larvae 40-45 mm mai tsayi, mai launin shuɗi, mai launin shuɗi, tare da kan launin ruwan kasa da ingantaccen aikin haƙoran bakin bakin. Suna haɓaka a cikin shekaru 3-5 - ya dogara da nau'in gurneti, ƙasa da yanayin yanayin shekara.
Matakan sarrafawa game da wireworms da khrushchev: shayar da ƙasa tare da chlorophos na 0.2% a watan Mayu-Yuni, zurfin huhun kaka tare da ƙura na 12% na HCCH (8 g / m2). Sanya ƙananan allurai na HCH (1.5 kilogiram / ha) a cikin cakuda da superphosphate na granular, yawan loosening, zaɓi na manual da lalata larvae suna da tasiri.
Kakata ta daɗe tana ma'amala da waɗannan furanni da daɗewa. Lokacin da kuka je wajenta, ire-ire daban daban, fure, siffofi na wadannan tsirrai ana iya gani a lambunta cewa idanunta sun kada. Kuma daga labarun na kaka, na lura cewa, waɗannan furanni ba su da ma'ana, kuma idan sun yi fure, to, ba za ku yi farin ciki tare da wannan kayan fure mai haske ba!
