Daga shekara zuwa shekara, ƙasar da take kan shinge ta lalace. idan baku da hannu a cikin maido da tsarin sa. Takin da aka yi da kansa yana da kyau kwarai saboda waɗannan dalilai. An shirya abun da ya dace daga sharar gida, ciyawa, humus, wanda da gaske baya buƙatar saka jari. Iyakar abin da ya ja shi ne dogon tsari na takin zamani. Abubuwan da aka lalata gaba daya an dage farawa akan gadaje.
Yadda za'a tantance shiri takin
Yadda za a gano cewa takin ya bushe gabaɗaya kuma yana shirye don amfani? Wannan wata tambaya ce sanannu a tsakanin maganan fara.
Tashin hankali yana shirye don cin abinci lokacin da launi ya canza launin duhu, yana samun tsari mai lalacewa da ƙanshi mara nauyi. Takin da aka yi da shirya - Kada ta kasance m ko rotting. Abubuwan da aka haɗa na asali kada ya bambanta a cikin takin da aka gama, ban da wasu sinadarai na huɗun. Zazzabi na samfurin ya gama daidai da zazzabi na yanayi. Kasancewar kwari a cikin takin, alal misali, tsintsayen duniya, alamu ne da ke nuna cewa zazzabi dake ciki ya ragu sosai. Idan takinku har yanzu yana da zafi, yana da ƙanshi ga ammoniya kuma ana tantance abubuwan asali a cikin jimlar, wanda ke nufin cewa ba a riga an shirya ba. Lokacin da takin, a cikin ra'ayi, ana iya amfani dashi riga, ba shi wani makonni 3 don tsufa - don tabbatar da cewa tsarin lalatawar ya inganta.
Yi tsayayya da jaraba don fara yin takin kafin ya shirya. Lokacin amfani da bazuwar takin zamani a shafin, ƙarancin da ke cikin sa na iya gasa tare da tsirrai saboda sinadarin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa - a sakamakon haka, ci gaban shuka yayi saurin sauka kuma sun fara jujjuya launin rawaya. An kuma gano cewa takin, wanda bai dace da amfani ba, yana rage jinkirin tsiro da haɓakar seedlings.
M kaddarorin amfani da takin
Babu matsala tsawon lokacin da takin ku ya lalata - da sauri a babban zazzabi ko sannu a hankali - bayan an gama aiwatar da aikin, cakuda abubuwanda ake canzawa zuwa sabon sabon kaya. Compostaukar takin da aka gama ya ƙasa da tarin farko - kusan 30-50%. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon sanadin lalacewar kwayoyin halittu da kuma fitar ruwa. Shirye takin yana da kaddarorin amfani da yawa kuma yana da ikon wadatar da ƙasa mahimmanci a cikin shirye-shiryen ka na sirri.
Tashin hankali yana haɓaka ingancin kusan kowane irin ƙasa. Yana inganta abun da ke ciki da yanayin ƙasa, yana taimakawa riƙe da abubuwan gina jiki, ruwa da iska - duk abin da ya zama dole don ci gaban tsirrai.
Postarin tashoshi na amfani da tasirin suna da amfani mai kyau a kan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa - rabo daga abubuwan da aka tara na ciki (yashi, karkatar, yumɓu) da samfuran kayan halitta (takin, humus). Bugu da kari, suna bawa kasar gona sako-sako da daidaito wanda ya wuce ruwa sosai, kuma a lokaci guda yana riƙe adadin da ake buƙata a cikin ƙasa. Soilasa tare da kayan ƙara takin zamani yana hade da abubuwan da aka keɓe ba tare da kullun ba. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin sune tarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta wanda aka haɗa su biyu saboda samfuran sharar ƙasa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta - wannan shine abin da yake ba ƙasan lalacewa. Idan kayi kokarin murkushe ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan haɗin, to ya rikice zuwa ƙaramin barbashi. A sako-sako da ƙasa ba ya tsoma baki tare da free damar iska, ta riƙe danshi da kyau, amma a lokaci guda ba da damar wuce haddi ruwa gudu. Bugu da kari, matashi mai laushi masu sauki sun shiga cikin lalataccen ƙasa.
A cikin ƙasa mai tsari, yana da sauƙin shuka kowane tsirrai - ya kasance kwance babu matsala, tunda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan bangarori. Tashin lafiya yana inganta kowane nau'in ƙasa, amma yana da amfani musamman ga yashi da ƙasan yumɓu.
Sako-sako da yashi ƙasa kusan ba zai yiwu ba su iya tare da hannuwanku ba, tunda ya ƙunshi manyan barbashi. Yana riƙe ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki marasa kyau - babu abin da yake hana wucewarsu. Lokacin da aka kara takin, abubuwanda keɓaɓɓe na ƙasa sun ɗaura wa juna - wannan yana rage asarar danshi da abubuwan gina jiki, kuma yana ƙara sauƙaƙa ga tushen samun ruwa.
Layasa ta ƙasa tana da nauyi kuma tana da nauyi, saboda abubuwanta suna da alaƙa. Rigar, m yumbu ne sauƙin kafa da hannuwanku. Takarda yana taimakawa haɗin abubuwan yumbu don samar da barbashi mafi girma. A lokaci guda, tsaka-tsakin da ke tsakanin su yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke taimakawa shigarwar ruwa mai zurfi zuwa cikin zurfin ƙasa, kuma yana ba da isasshen iska.
Postarin tashoshi suna haɓaka ƙasa da kyawawan abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda suke buƙatar haɓakar tsirrai na al'ada: ban da manyan abubuwan uku - nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, haɗarin takin ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa da aka gano, kamar su jan ƙarfe, manganese, ƙarfe da zinc. Matsayin abubuwan da aka gano suna da girma sosai - a cikin ƙananan allurai suna da mahimmanci ga tsirrai, kamar yadda mutane ke buƙatar bitamin. Bugu da ƙari, suna ƙara haɓaka ikon tsirrai don fitar da mahimman abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa. Sau da yawa, takin da aka gama ya ƙunshi fewan abubuwa kaɗan da aka gano, don haka takin, a gaskiya, yana yin wannan rashin.
Wasu bangarorin takin suna bazu da sauri, yayin da wasu - a hankali, don haka aiwatar da sakin ƙarancin abinci mai amfani yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci. A saboda wannan dalili, wani lokaci ana kiran takin zamani. Haɗin Turanci ba mai ɗorewa bane - ya dogara da dalilai masu ɗimbin yawa. Koyaya, abu ɗaya tabbatacce - ana amfani da ƙarin kayan haɗin don yin takin, mafi mahimmancin samfurin ƙarshe zai kasance cikin abun da ke ciki.
An tabbatar da cewa sinadarin nitrogen a cikin takin yana canza lokaci. A cikin shekarar farko ta amfani yayin lalata wannan samfurin, ana fitar da kashi 25 cikin dari na nitrogen, a shekara ta 2 da ta 3 - 10%, kuma a shekara ta 4 da ta 5 wannan manuniya ya ragu zuwa 5%.
Tashin hankali na jan hankalin tsintsayen duniya, centipedes, lice itace da sauran dabbobi, don haka tana zama tushen tushen abinci mai kyau a gare su. Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta suna wucewa ta hanyar narke su da wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu amfani. Don haka, ana kiyaye amintaccen yanayin muhalli na ƙasa.
Karatun ya tabbatar da cewa takin yana taimakawa wajen yakar kwari ba kawai, har ma da cututtuka. Misali, humus ganye a ciki yana hana ci gaban nematodes, kuma peat humus yana kare tsirrai daga cututtukan fungal.
Ara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tasirin gaske a kan acidity. Abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa suna samuwa don yawancin tsire-tsire a pH a cikin kewayon 5.5-7.5. PH na takin shirye-shiryen amfani da shi yawanci tsaka tsaki ne, saboda haka kayan sawa na iya kiyaye ruwan ƙasa a matakin da ya dace na tsirrai.
Hanyoyi don amfani da takin
Mulching
A cikin yanayin, tsire-tsire suna saukar da ganye, wanda sannu-sannu tara tara by Layer, yayin da tsohuwar kayan kayan shuka da ke ƙasa ke fara lalata. Don haka, an samar da humus na ganye na halitta, wanda ke haifar da kariya mai kariya akan tushen tsirrai. A lokacin bazara, yana taimakawa rage yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa da rage asarar danshi, haka kuma yana hana haɓaka sako. Takin da aka shirya akan wani shiri na mutum na iya aiwatar da aiyuka iri daya.
Kafin mulching, kasar gona dole ne a shirya. Don yin wannan, dole ne da farko cire ciyawa da ciyawa tare da tushen don kada su yi toho ta hanyar ciyawa. A Hankali ka bincika tushen ciyawar tumbi kamar ivy buds. Kafin yin amfani da takin da aka shirya don mulching ƙasa a cikin gadaje fure, a gonar, a kan gadaje filayen fure ko kuma ciyawar, yana da buƙatar suturta shi.
Sieve mai sauƙin yi daga ½ inch raga ta haɗa shi zuwa firam ɗin katako.
Sanya tabarma a saman kwalbar ko babban akwati ka kwance takin. Manyan guda ɗin da suka saura akan sieve za a iya amfani dasu azaman mai kunnawa a cikin tsirar takin na gaba, tunda suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin da ake buƙata. Rufe ƙasa a gonar ko a kan gadaje tare da wani yanki na takin da aka kaɗa 2.5-5 cm lokacin farin ciki.
Takin da kuka shimfiɗa a kan ciyawa ya kamata a yanyanka shi sosai a kuma yankar shi da kyau - zai iya yiwuwa ciyawa a kan ciyawar ba ta “shaƙa” ba. Hakanan ana iya amfani da takaddar ta wannan hanyar - da farko, sassauta sod tare da mai sarrafawa, sannan kuma ku rufe ƙasa tare da wani yanki mai bakin ciki sosai (ba fiye da 1 cm ba) na takin da aka sare. Yi amfani da rake don rarraba takin.
A lokacin da ciyawar bishiyoyi da tsirrai, dasa takin ba lallai bane. Abin dogara kawai shine sha'awarka.
Ingancin Abinci
A baya an ce takin yana da matukar amfani ga yashi daban-daban, musamman yumbu da yashi. Kafin dasa shuki a karo na farko a cikin yankin ku, ana bada shawara don wadatar da shi da abubuwan gina jiki masu amfani. A wannan lokacin, ya fi sauƙi don ƙara takin fiye da bayan an riga an dasa tsire-tsire. Rufe farfajiyar ƙasa a gonar tare da takaddun takin 7.5-10 cm lokacin farin ciki, sannan sai a dasa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 15 cm. Idan rukunin ku ya riga ya bunƙasa kuma an dasa shi, zai zama da wuya a sanya takin cikin yadudduka masu zurfin ƙasa.
Amma game da perennials, kuna buƙatar ƙara takin duk lokacin da kuka shuka sabon nau'in tsirrai ko shuka irin waɗannan. Don shekara, ƙwayoyin takin suna ba da gudummawar kowace bazara. Ku narkar da kasar gona a yankin da zaku shuka ciyayi, sannan kuma ƙara takin a ciki.
Lokacin dasa shuki bishiyoyi da tsirrai, kayan takin bazai wuce 25% na yawan ƙasa ba. Wasu majiyoyi suna ba da shawarar kada ku sanya takin kwata-kwata saboda tsoron kada tushen bishiyoyi ko shishika ba zasu yi girma a wajen ramin saukowa ba. A zahiri, ¼ na takin a cikin yawan adadin cakuda ƙasa ba zai haifar da irin wannan matsala ba. Idan har yanzu kuna damuwa game da wannan, yi amfani da takin kamar ciyawa.
Idan an riga an dasa bishiyoyi, zai zama da wuya a yi takarda mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Amma zaka iya amfani da hanyar da kwararrun gandun daji suke amfani da ita wajen gabatar da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kasa. A duk yankin gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin kambi na itacen, yi ramuka a cikin ƙasa tare da diamita na 2.5-5 cm da zurfin kusan 30 cm, lura da tsaka-tsakin tsakanin su na kimanin cm 45. Zuba adadin da aka ba da shawarar busassun busassun a ƙasan kowane rami, sannan kuma cika rami tare da takin zuwa saman. Don tsire-tsire, zurfin ramuka ya kamata ya kasance daga cm 20 zuwa 25. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki na shekaru 2-3.
Mixasa ta haɗu don tsire-tsire na akwati
Za'a iya amfani da takin mai daɗaɗɗa azaman ƙari a cikin gaurayawar ƙasa don tsirrai na ganga, yayin da adadinsa bai wuce 1 / 2-1 / 4 na yawan ƙasa ba. Girma da haɓaka tsirrai na tsire-tsire ya dogara da isasshen adadin ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin cakuda ƙasa. Tashin hankali zai iya shawo kan waɗannan ayyuka - yana da ikon riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda a cikin takin da aka shirya da ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, basu isa ko gaba ɗaya ba. Don tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire da aka girma a cikin kwantena suna da isasshen abubuwan gina jiki, kuna buƙatar takin kasar gona akai-akai. Shredded da ciyawar takin ma cikakke ne don amfani a cakuda ƙasa wanda akayi niyyar shuka iri.
Taki Liquid - takin shayi
Wannan itace tsohuwar hanyar shuka abinci. Irin wannan takin zamani na ruwa zai samar da tsironka da mai kyau na abubuwan gina jiki da ake bukata. Shayi wanda aka harhada yana da amfani musamman ga andan itace da seedlingsan itace. Don shirya shi, cika jakar (ko tsohon matashin kai) tare da takin da aka yi da kuma ɗaure ƙarshen buɗe. Sannan sanya jaka a cikin kwandon cike da ruwa - tsohon wanka, ganga ko babba na iya sha, kuma ku motsa shi sosai cikin ruwa. Bayan wannan, bari mafita daga kwanaki da yawa. Bayan lokaci, ruwa zai samu launin shayi, kamar yadda ruwa zai zubar da abubuwan gina jiki daga takin. Fesa da takin da aka shirya ko kuma a zuba ƙasa a tsirrai.
Ana iya amfani da jaka na takin akai-akai don yin shayi, bayan haka yakamata a kwashe komai a kowane yanki na lambun ku.
