A dabi'a, adeniums itace tsiro ne na bishiyoyi ko shishika waɗanda ke girma a cikin m, wurare masu zafi na tsakiya da kudancin Afirka, Larabawa Larabawa, da tsibirin Socotra. Adenium na gidan wani fure ne na gida mai ban sha'awa wanda a hankali yake jawo hankalin mutum tare da kara mai tsauri, ganye mai yawa akan firam da fure mai haske. A cikin lokacin girma, ana yin kwalliyar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu launuka masu sauƙi tare da launuka masu launin fari, ruwan hoda, shuɗi launuka da launuka masu ruwan wuta.
Godiya ga kyawawan furannin da ba a tsammani ba, don al'adu, al'adar ta karɓi suna ta biyu, adenium "hamada tashi", kuma ya zama sananne sosai ga masu noman fure a duniya.
Adenium ya fara sha'awar masu ilimin botanists a cikin karni na 18, lokacin da aka yi yunƙurin farko don rarrabe jinsinsa, amma har yanzu akwai sauran fassarori daban-daban na tsarin da aka karɓa a cikin gungun masana kimiyya. An yarda dashi gaba ɗaya don rarrabe nau'ikan adeniums 10, rarrabe:
- nau'i na caudex, furanni da ganye;
- girma;
- fasali na ciyayi;
- wani wuri ne na girma.
Duk da bambance-bambancen da ke bayyane, wasu masana al'adun sun yi imanin cewa duk nau'ikan da suke da su sun kasance iri ɗaya ne daga cikin adenium obsessum, kuma bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin ana haifar da su ta hanyar yanayin yanayi, ƙasa, ko wasu bambance-bambance.
Adenium obesum (A. Obesum)
Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan gama gari, sananne kuma mafi yawan bincike. A yanayi, adenium mai kitse ko mai zai iya kasancewa a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yankin da ya fi ban sha'awa na tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa shine shimfida shimfiɗa mai shimfiɗa daga Senegal a yamma zuwa Saudi Arabiya a gabas.
Sunan Adeniums ya zama tilas ga Aden, ko kuma gabatar da Yemen, inda aka fara bayyana wannan ingantaccen shuka.
Adenium obesum, wanda ke tsayayya da fari, yanayin zafi a sama, da hasken rana kai tsaye, ana bayyanashi da lokutan farkawa da hutawa, lokacin da aka keɓe:
- an yi garken elongated, fata ga abin taɓawa, ganye mai launin toka-6 daga 15 zuwa 15 cm tsayi;
- dakatar da haɓaka;
- ba ya samar da sabon launuka.
Ana lura da wannan yanayin a cikin lokacin sanyi da a lokacin rani. Tare da farkon lokacin girma, matasa masu tasowa suna bayyana a saman firam ɗin. A lokacin rani, buds sun bayyana, suna juyawa zuwa tubular furanni na crane da launuka masu ruwan hoda. Girman dutsen mai 5-petal corolla a cikin adenium mai kitse ya yi girma daga 4 zuwa 7 cm, furanni masu ɗumbin yawa sun fi girma, har zuwa 12 cm, kuma mafi bambancin launi da sifa.
Karamin mai launin toka-mai-launin toka mai tsayi na iya girma zuwa tsawon kazir na mitir, tare da wani muhimmin sashi na caudex da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma gangar jikin adenium wanda ya saura a waje yana ɗaukar itace ko tsirrai har zuwa tsayin mita uku.
Saboda jinkirin girma, iyakancewa da girman tukunya, haka kuma saboda tsintsiya da gyaran gidan, Adenium ba ya yiwuwa ya girma ga waɗannan masu girma dabam, amma zai yi farin ciki da siffofi mara kyau da launuka masu haske.
Adenium multiflorum (A. yawan magana)
Homelandasar mahaifar shuka, wacce ke shafar fure musamman, ita ce ta tsakiya da kudanci. Anan adenium multiflorum ya fi son yin sulhu a kan yashi da solonchak ƙasa.
Fuskar da ba a bayyana tana gamsuwa da ƙananan tarin ƙasa kuma baya jin tsoron fari, adana ɗumbin danshi a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi, abin tunawa da gangar jikin baobab mai ƙyalƙyali tare da haushi mai kauri mai ƙarfi da tushe mai ƙarfi da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
A yanayi, tsirrai masu adenium masu dumbin yawa na iya isa mita uku a tsayi kuma a kasashe da dama suna karkashin kariyar hukuma ne saboda hadarin rugujewa. Barazanar ga nau'in ita ce masoya al'adun gargaji, farauta samfurori, dabbobi da birai suna ciyar da ƙwayayen shuka.
Saboda yawan furanni masu ban mamaki, an kira adenium da Lily na Imperial, amma a al'adance wannan nau'in ba shi da yawa fiye da adenium na obeseum, saboda saurin girma da farkon fure bayan shekaru 4.
Adenium Arabicum (A. Arabicum)
Sunan adenium arabicum yayi magana don kansa. Wannan nau'in tare da babban, squat caudex tsiro a kan Larabawa.
Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi, bayyanar da shuka na iya canzawa. A cikin yankunan da ke fama da fari, adeniums suna da nau'i na daji, inda akwai ƙarin danshi, suna iya kama da bishiyoyi masu kauri, kauri a gindi tare da rassa mai rauni. Adenium arabicum yana da manyan ganyayyaki, ruwan hoda, tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan kwalliyar duhu da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi.
A gida, adenium na Larabawa za'a iya girma daga zuriya don daga baya shiga sahun fitsarin sa da gangar jikin sa.
Adenium Somali (A. Somalense)
Somaliabilar adenium ta Somaliya ɗan asalin Afirka ce, tana girma cikin yankuna daban-daban na kewayon ta mai tsayi zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyar. An dasa tsire a cikin wani nau'in conical na akwati kuma kusan ana iya ci gaba da fure, idan shuka tayi kulawa don tabbatar da yawan rana.
Ganyayyaki masu launin kore suna da launi mai launi mai haske. Mafi yawan lokuta fararen fata ko haske ana iya ganinsu akan rawaya ganye. A cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire sun rasa ganye kuma suna buƙatar hutawa. Furanni masu matsakaici-furanni tare da karairayin fizurai fiye da a kan adenium obese, sun bayyana akan rassan bakin ciki Launin launi 5-petal shine mai ruwan hoda, rasberi, ja tare da walƙiya zuwa wuya. Tsarin na iya haɗa baki tare da adenium obsessum, wanda yawancin shayarwa ke amfani da shi. Bugu da kari, nau'ikan Somaliya suna da sauki a shuka, seedlings farko farawa ne shekara guda ko rabi bayan dasa, lokacin da karar ta hau zuwa 15-18 cm.
Adenium Crispum (A. somalense var crispum)
Adenium crispum, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin tushen asalin shuka, yana da matukar ado. Siffar halayyar al'ada shine kunkuntar dogon ganye tare da jijiyoyin mara wishki da gefuna, suna ba da wannan nau'ikan, da kuma ɓangaren ɓoyayyen ɓangaren ɓoyayyen da ke kama da abun birgima. Yalwa da yawa na bakin ciki kawai ƙara haɓaka da amfanin gona.
Wannan nau'in adenium don gidan yana da ban sha'awa ba kawai a cikin siffar tushe da ƙananan girma ba, har ma a cikin asalin furanni, ba kama da furannin adenium na Somaliya ba. Pink, da wuya ja dayan buɗe ido suna buɗewa, furannin suna da alamar lanƙwasa.
Adenium Nova, Tanzaaniya (A. somalense var. Nova)
Daya daga cikin 'yan asalin Somaliya da aka bayyana kwanan nan ya fito ne daga jejin kasar Tanzania da wasu yankuna na kusa. A cikin adenium crispum, wannan tsiro yana da alaƙa da bayyanar ganyen, kuma ruwan hoda ko launin ruwan hoda sun fi tunawa da furannin adenium na Somali.
Adenium boehmianum
A karshen karni na 19, masana botan sun gano da kuma bayyana nau'in Adenium boehmanium daga arewacin Namibia. Wannan iri-iri da aka sani ba sosai saboda adorativeness, amma a matsayin mai guba shuka, wanda ya sami sunan Poison Bushman tsakanin jama'ar gida.
A yanayi, tsirrai masu tsayi da suka kai mita uku a reshe na sauri, suna girma a hankali, kuma a kan lokaci mai yawa akan karagar jikin ya lalace. Ganyayyaki da aka kera a filayen suna kan kan reshe ne kawai, suna da launin fata, 8-15 cm tsawon farantin ganye na launin kore-kore mai launin fata mai kyau.
Corollas da ke kusan zagaye saboda ƙananan filayen na iya zama ruwan hoda, Lilac, da rasberi. Siffar halayyar adenium fure na wannan nau'in shine tsananin launi mai launin shuɗi.
Adenium swazicum (A. swazicum)
Sunan adenium yana nuna matsayin asalinsa - Swaziland. Shuke-shuke masu siffa mai tsayi daga 20 zuwa 50 cm ba su yi kama da danginsu ba, tunda kawai fewan furki mai haske da koren haske mai ɗauke da ganye mai kaɗe-kaɗe da furanni masu santimita 6-fure mai haske ko furanni lilac ana iya ganin su sama da ƙasa. Rayoyin rhizomes masu ƙarfi suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma kusan ba a iya ganin su a cikin tsire-tsire na manya.
A gida, furen Adenium na Swaziland na dogon lokaci da yardar rai, ba kasafai yake watsar da ciyawar ba, ba shi da ma'ana kuma mai jure sanyi. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa masu shayarwa suna amfani da wannan nau'in sauƙin don samun samfuran da ke haɗuwa da adenium obesum.
Adenium tinifolium (A. oleifolium)
Adenium oleifolium na Afirka ya bambanta da "takwarorinsa" a cikin jinkirin girma da girman matsakaici. Bushajin mai ƙarfi, ƙuraje masu kauri da ƙanƙara mai santsi ya kai tsayin 60 cm.
Itaciya, daga toan ganye 5 zuwa 12 cm ana fentin cikin sautunan zaitun masu launin kore-gwai kuma suna kan saman rassan. Furanni adenium ruwan hoda na iya samun tsakiyar rawaya ko fari. Budewar buds da aka tattara a cikin inflorescences na faruwa lokaci guda tare da bayyanar ganye.
Samarin Adenium (A. ci gaba)
A tsibirin Socotra a cikin Tekun Indiya, wani nau'in adenium mai cike da adadi ya girma, kamar yadda aka bayyana, ba a samun shi a sauran sassan wannan tsiro. Idan aka kwatanta da adeniums na gida, babban ƙaton gaskiya ne, yana girma zuwa mita 5 a tsayi.
Ganga da ke kama da kwalba na iya ƙunsar sassa da dama, wanda a saurin ma'amala mara tabbas ne. Rassan suna da bakin ciki kamar na babban akwati. Suna da bakin ciki kuma mai ratsa jiki, an yi kambi da shuɗi mai duhu tare da farin veins, ganye mai laushi mai tsayi zuwa cm 12. Furen adenium ruwan hoda mai haske yana da girman cm 10 - 10, iyaka mai haske ta wuce gefen gefen furannin.
Jiki da iri iri na adenim don haɓaka gida
Kodayake mahaifar adenium shine mafi ƙarancin faɗaɗawar Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, yankuna daban daban sun zama wuraren kiwo da zaɓar waɗannan tsirrai. Manyan dillalai na sabbin nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan halittu sune kasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Thailand, Indiya, Malesiya, da Philippines.
Yanayin ƙasa yana da kyau don amfanin gona. Adenium na tushen Bonsai ana yin lokutan a nan, kuma tsaba da tsirrai suna tafiya cikin duniya daga nan.
A yau, masu furannin furanni na musamman suna da Mini-adeniums wanda ya dace da gida, tsayin 12 - 12 cm kawai .. Irin waɗannan kayan marmari sun fara fure tun suna da shekaru 2, suna nuna furanni 6-centimita a ƙarshen harbe.
Wani abin burgewa mai ban sha'awa shine nau'in variegate na adenium tare da ganye mai ɗaure da ganye ko kuma ganyen da aka bushe baki ɗaya.
A game da masu noman fure a yau akwai wasu tsirrai da yawa da nau'in adenium tare da furanni masu sauƙi, ninki biyu, filaye da ire-iren furanni. Koyaya, ba sabon abu bane ga masu siyarwa waɗanda suke amfani da mashahurin gandun daji don yawan tunani da kuma ba da ire-iren waƙoƙin sanannen.
