Orchids Dendrobium

Idan ka fassara daidai da sunan wannan halittar orchids, yana nufin "zama akan bishiyoyi" kuma yana nuna cewa tsire-tsire kwayoyin halitta koyaushe suna haifar da rayuwa mai kyau.

Wadannan orchids sun samar da ɗayan bambancin kuma, watakila, ɗaya daga cikin yawancin orchid iyali (kwayoyin halittar suna da kusan 1,500 halittu). Tsire-tsire iri na Dendrobium sun bambanta sosai ba wai kawai a cikin tsari da launi na furanni ba, har ma a cikin haɓaka da sifofin fasalinsu. Anan zaka iya samun yawancin bambancin, nau'in halitta mai ban mamaki.

Furen fure na iya girma, rataye ƙasa, a cikin nau'i na gungu ko kai tsaye. Duk furanni na halittar dan adam an nuna shi da yanayin zubewar lebe, wanda ake kira "chin". Girman tsire-tsire sun bambanta sosai: wasu orchids suna daidai da 'yan milimita kaɗan, yayin da wasu zasu iya kaiwa girman mita 2 ko ma ƙari.

Yawancin nau'ikan dendrobium, irin su Dendrobium Pierre ko Dendrobium na manoma Kafin fure su sauke ganye. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna cikin orchids na yanki mai sanyi-matsakaici. A lokacin rashin ganye, suna kama da bushe, tsirrai, amma idan lokacin ɓacin rai ya ƙare, waɗannan orchids an sake rufe su da ciyawar da take buɗewa. Sauran nau'ikan kwayoyin halittar, kamar Dendrobium daraja ko Dendrobium bukesotsotsvesny za su iya juji da bayanansu idan an bayyana lokacin hutu, amma galibi hakan ba zai faru ba. Sauran jinsunan halittar sun kasance koyaushe kuma suna cikin yankin zazzabi mai dumin yanayi. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin narkar da orchids na halittar Dendrobium harma za'a iya raba wannan halittar zuwa kusan kungiyoyi 15. Daga cikin orchids da aka shuka, adadi mai yawa na musamman, an ƙara nau'in halittu masu banƙyama, waɗanda galibi suna da sauƙin kulawa. Hadin gwiwar Orchid suna ƙara zama mahimmanci don haɓaka akan windowsill. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis da Dendrobium daraja.

Gida na gida: Sri Lanka, Indiya, Kudancin China, Kudancin Japan, Tsibirin Polynesia, Gabashin Australia da arewa maso gabashin Tasmania.

Dendrobium © Juni daga Kyoto, Japan

Siffofin

Zazzabi: Dendrobium shine thermophilic, a cikin hunturu yawan zafin jiki shine kimanin 22-25 ° C, mafi karancin dare a 15 ° C. A cikin hunturu, lokacin hutawa lokacin da aka sa shi cikin yanayi mai sanyi shine kusan 12 ° C, ya danganta da nau'in shuka.

Walkiya: Dendrobiums hotuna ne masu ban sha'awa; gabas da yamma windows sun dace da su; a kan taga taga ana buƙatar shaƙatawa a cikin lokutan da suka fi ƙarfin rana.

Watering: Yalwatuwa a cikin girma a cikin bazara da bazara, kasar gona ya kamata m koyaushe. A cikin hunturu, shara yana da iyaka, i.e. kusan bushe abun ciki.

Taki: A lokacin girma, budding da fure, suna ciyar da takin ta musamman don orchids.

Tashin hankali: Dendrobium yana buƙatar yanayin zafi na kimanin 60% da mafi girma, saboda haka ya fi kyau sanya shi a kan akwatunan ruwa tare da ruwa ko ɗakunan leya.

Dasawa: Juji ne kawai yake gudana yayin da tushen orchid ya fara tonowa daga tukunyar kuma shuka tayi saurin girma. Kimanin dendrobium an dasa shi bayan shekaru 3-4, tukunyar kada ta yi girma da yawa, in ba haka ba shuka zai yi girma sosai. Ilasa ita ce haɗin sayan na musamman don orchids. Kuna iya dafa shi da kanka - don wannan, an ɗauki peat doki da manyan guda na Pine haushi.

Sake bugun: Rarraba da sanya filayen iska.

Karin kwari, cututtuka: Scabies da pemphigi, wasu nau'in kuma suna da ciyawar gizo-gizo - tare da bushewar ƙasa sosai. Tare da tara dampness, lalacewa ta hanyar fungi mai yiwuwa ne.

Dendrobium (Dendrobium amabile) © KENPEI

Noma da kulawa

Ana horar da Dendrobiums dangane da ilimin muhalli a cikin ɗakuna tare da matsakaici (18-22 ° C) ko yanayin zafin jiki mai sanyi a cikin kwanduna, kan toshe kogin itacen oak ko Tushen itacen itaciya. Amfani da kayan aikin bishiyar bishiyar Pine shine, ganye mai jujjuya, gawayi da yashi (1: 1: 1: 0.5).

Dendrobiums masu rarrafe da yawa waɗanda suka samo asali daga yankuna masu yanayin yanayi suna da yanayi mai faɗi. A cikin bazara da bazara ana sa su a cikin ruwan sanyi (22-24) yanayin rigar, zai fi dacewa a cikin greenhouse. Bayan farfadowa da mai tushe, ana rage ruwa, kuma a cikin hunturu an dakatar dashi gaba daya, iyakance ne kawai ga feshin feshi mai sauƙi da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki ba ƙasa da digiri 15-17 ba. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis, tunda bashi da lokacin kwanciyar hankali kuma yazo daga ruwan sama, yana buƙatar zama da dumin yanayi a hankali duk shekara. Gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire masu hoto ne, duk da haka, a cikin zafin rana na dare suna buƙatar ɗan rage ƙima. Suna girma mafi kyau a cikin karamin kwano.

Propagated da rarraba daji, kara cuttings da apical harbe - yara forming m asalinsu. Rarraba bushes ya zama ba fãce bayan shekaru 3-4, yayin da apical harbe za a iya cire a shekara. Dasawa da haifuwa ana aiwatar dasu a watan Afrilu - Yuni, gwargwadon nau'in, lokacin da matasa suka fara yin girma.

Dendrobiums sune tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto, sun fi son sabo ne, amma kada ku yi haƙuri Bloom profusely, a kan matsakaita na 12-19 kwana. A cikin ɓangaren, ana adana furanni na wasu nau'ikan sabo don kwanaki 4-6 (har zuwa makonni 3 a cikin phalaenopsis dendrobium).

A lokacin haɓaka mai ƙarfi sau 2 a wata, ana ciyar da su da kashi 0.01% na cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai.

Bayan girma ya ƙare, jinsunan masu ɗaci suna shiga lokacin da ake buƙata suna buƙatar abun ciki mai sanyi da bushe. Yankuna ba tare da wani yanayi mai kauri ba, misali, D. moschatum, na buƙatar ƙarancin shayarwa lokacin da aka lalata hanyoyin haɓaka. Tsarin Tropical (D. phalaenopsis, D. chrisotoxum) a kowane lokaci na shekara na buƙatar shayarwa, kuma mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin hunturu ya zama aƙalla 15 ° C. A lokacin dattiji, ya kamata a kula da wani irin zafi a cikin kore koda yaushe, ya kamata a fesa tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci don kauce wa matsanancin raguwa da lalata warin tarin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Dukkanin jinsunan orchids na halittar Dendrobium suna buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfi. Yawancin nau'in ma sun dace da kiwo a kan shinge. Tall tsire-tsire suna buƙatar fesawa sau da yawa don hana lalacewar kwaro. Wasu nau'ikan Dendrobium, alal misali, phalaenopsis, suna da haɗari ga samuwar "yara", wanda waɗannan nau'ikan ke da sauƙin yadawa.

Dendrobium daraja (Dendrobium nobile), da sauran nau'ikan halittu da fatalwa suna zubar da ganye, ya kamata a sanya su cikin sanyi (10-14 ° С) da bushe wuri a cikin duhu (Nuwamba zuwa Janairu). Da zarar an bayyana bayyane a fili, komar da shuka zuwa inda ta saba.

Dendrobium Sarki (Dendrobium kingianum), Dendrobium yana da ban mamaki (Bayyanar Dendrobium) da danginsu a lokacin bazara za'a iya sanya su, kamar Cymbidium orchids, a waje, a cikin haske, amma ba wurin rana ba. Idan baku da irin wannan dama, ku kula sosai musamman da cewa a cikin hunturu shuka yana cikin wuri mai sanyi da bushewa.

Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (Dendrobium phalaenopsis), da kuma nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da nau'ikan halittu, ya isa ya sanya cikin wuri mai ɗora da tabbatar cewa cikin zafin jiki da daddare, kamar yadda tsire-tsire daga waɗannan nau'in ke buƙata.

Haske: Lokacin da kuke sayi shuka na asalin Dendrobium, tabbas kuna buƙatar gano yanayin zazzabin da orchid ɗinku yake, tun da la'akari da nau'ikan nau'ikan Dendrobium ba shi yiwuwa a ba da shawara gaba ɗaya game da kula da shuka.

Dendrobium (Dendrobium sulcatum) © Elena Gaillard

Dabbobi

Dendrobium aloe ganye (Dendrobium aloifolium)

Epiphyte, na kowa ne a kudu maso gabas Asia da Indonesia. Thin harbe suna densely rufe sabon abu almara ganye, more kamar succulent ganye. Short peduncles ci gaba daga buds daga cikin manyan internodes na shoot, waxanda ba su da kore ganye. Furanni suna da yawa (aƙalla 10-12) da ƙanana, kawai 0.2-0.4 cm a diamita. Dukkan sassan furanni masu launin shuɗi ne. Yana fure a lokacin rani da damina, daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba.

Rashin Dendrobium (Dendrobium aphyllum)

Nau'in Epiphytic ko nau'in lithophytic, tartsatsi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Pseudobulbs dogaye ne, Sifikus-shiga, mai faifai masu yawa. Shortarancin fa'idoji masu haɓaka a cikin nodes waɗanda suka watsar da ganyen firam na bara kuma suna ɗaukar fure ɗaya ko uku na ruwan hoda mai launin lemo mai tsami. Kowane fure a cikin diamita ya kai cm 3-5. Babban ganganin furanni yana faruwa a watan Fabrairu-Mayu, amma, ana iya samun samfuran fure a al'adu kusan duk shekara.

Damar Dendrobium (Dendrobium nobile)

Epiphytic orchid, an rarraba shi sosai a kudu maso gabas Asia. Pseudo kwararan fitila har zuwa 60-90 cm tsawo, Multi-leaved. Shortarancin falon kafa yana haɓaka furanni ɗaya zuwa huɗu daga cm 6 zuwa 10, waɗanda suke da laushi mai laushi kuma suna iya tsayawa na ɗan lokaci a yankan. Furanni masu launuka iri-iri - daga duhu mai duhu da mai ruwan hoda zuwa fari fari. Lebe yana da babban tabo mai launin shuɗi mai duhu. A cikin al'ada, yakan fi fure sau da yawa daga Janairu zuwa Mayu.

Dendrobium nobile © Guérin Nicolas

Dendrobium sau biyu-Dendrobium (Dendrobium bigibbum)

Epiphytic ko shuka na lithophytic daga Arewacin Ostiraliya. Pseudobulbs suna ɗaukar ganyen magarya a ƙarshen. Peduncles sun bayyana daga buds daga cikin manyan internodes, kuma duka matasa harbe na shekara ta girma da kuma tsohon ganye pseudobulbs iya Bloom a lokaci guda. Kowane shinge yana ɗaukar furanni masu haske 8-20 tare da diamita na 3-5 cm, purple-rasberi ko shunayya-ruwan hoda, wani lokacin fari. Yana tono daga Agusta zuwa Disamba.

Dendrobium kawai (Dendrobium unicum)

Homelandasar farkon wannan ƙaramin fitsari da dendrobium na lithophytic shine Arewacin Thailand, Laos da Vietnam. Shuka mai yawan tsiro, kuma a cikin wani busasshen tsire shine mafi yawan shekara. Aƙwalwa na sau ɗaya na uku-uku na yawanci yana fitowa a cikin internodes waɗanda suka ragu ganye. An juye furanni juzu'i, ruwan lemo mai haske, tare da faɗin diamita na 3.5-5.0 cm Lebe yana da shuɗi. Yana fure daga Janairu zuwa Yuni.

Dendrobium christyanum

Ipan wasan ƙaramin ƙaho ne daga arewacin Thailand, Vietnam da kudu maso yammacin China. Pseudobulbs ya ƙunshi 2-7 internodes, kowannensu yana ɗaukar takarda ɗaya. Inflorescences suna da fure-fure, gajere sosai, suna fitowa a saman ɓangaren harbe. Fure har zuwa 5 cm a diamita, farar fata ko kirim, translucent. Lebe ya zama lobed uku, tare da ja-orange ko orange-yellow part na tsakiya. Yana fure daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa tsakiyar kaka.

Dendrobium lindley (Dendrobium lindleyi)

Nau'in Epiphytic, tartsatsi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya (Indiya, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam da kudu maso yammacin China). Pan rubutun ba su da daidaituwa; thear bakin suna da yawa an rufe su da ganyen ganye. A inflorescences ne a kaikaice, drooping, bear 10-14 kodadde rawaya ko furanni rawaya mai shuɗi tare da diamita na 2.5-5.0 cm tare da m lebe bude, sanye take da wani babban tabarau-rawaya a tsakiyar. Yana fure daga Maris zuwa Yuli.

Dendrobium loddiges (Dendrobium loddigesii)

Gida ta - Laos, Vietnam, kudu maso yammacin China, Hong Kong. Wannan karamin oripid na epiphytic (10-18 cm) tare da yawancin ganye na bakin ciki mai yawa da manyan furanni masu haske tare da diamita na 5 cm. Furannin suna da shuffuka-shuɗi mai ruwan hoda, furannin shunayya, da lebe mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi tare da babban tabo mai launin shuɗi-haske a tsakiyar. Yawo yana wucewa daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Yuni.

Lion dendrobium (Dendrobium leonis)

Gida na gida - Cambodia, Laos, Malaya, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra da Kalimantan. Smallaramin (10-25 cm) tare da tokaɗan na bakin ciki kuma ya rufe su gaba ɗaya da ganyen fulawa mai narkar da ganye mai tsawon 3.8 zuwa 5 cm. Inflorescences suna haɓaka a cikin nodes na apical internodes waɗanda suka faɗo ganye. Kowane farfajiya tana ɗaukar fure mai launin rawaya ɗaya ko biyu ko fure mai launin shuɗi tare da diamita na 1.5-2.0 cm.

Rashin Dendrobium (Dendrobium anosmum)

Epiphyte, tartsatsi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A cikin yanayin, harbe-harbe zai iya isa da girma-girma - har zuwa 3 m, kuma a cikin al'adu - 30-90 cm.Taƙaƙaƙƙun ƙafafun ya bayyana akan harbe da suka faɗi ganye da haɓaka manyan furanni masu haske 1-2. Furanni masu nunin furanni na 7-10 cm, an fentin su a saututtin launuka daban-daban. Ana iya samun tsire-tsire mai zurfi na wannan nau'in a cikin greenhouse a duk shekara, yayin da ake ganin ganyen fure daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu

Dendrobium muammar (Dendrobium primulinum)

Tsarin ya yadu sosai a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Shuka Epiphytic tare da doguwar ganye. Daya-biyu-flowered inflorescences taso daga buds cewa zubar ganye na internodes. Furannin sune 4-8 cm a diamita, haske mai launin shuɗi tare da babban farin launin fari mai launin shuɗi, wanda a cikin fenti an fentin shi da layi mai duhu mai launin ja ko shuɗi. Yana blooms a yanayi a cikin bazara, a al'ada daga Janairu zuwa Agusta.