Adiantum, adiant (Adiantum na Latin) - wani yanki ne na ferns daga dangin Pteris, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 200. Asalin sunan shi ne Hellenanci kuma yana nufin “tsire-tsire mai hana ruwa” (daga gangar “a” ma’ana “a’a” da kuma kalmar danshi, danshi). Kuma waɗanda suka san game da wannan shuka za su iya jayayya da gaske cewa koyaushe ya kasance bushe, komai yanayin zafi a kusa.
Abin mamakin shine, busasshen bushewar waje yana da yankuna a cikin Andes na Kudancin Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Wannan tsire-tsire yana son ya zauna kusa da koguna, magudanun ruwa, inda ƙasa akan dutse ke da danshi.
Adiantum fern an ambata a cikin rubuce-rubucen babban masanin tarihin nan Pliny Dattijon, wanda a cikinsa aka samo wannan itaciya a cikin Littafin Tarihi. Wannan sanannen sanannen ne kuma irin na yau da kullun a cikin kasuwancin haya. Ba shi da ƙarancin buƙata a tsakanin talakawa waɗanda ke shuka ta kamar girmar-gida. Adiantum ba kawai kyakkyawa ba ne a cikin bayyanar, amma kuma yana da amfani, za'a iya amfani dashi don dalilai na magani, wanda ya sa ya zama mai mahimmanci sau biyu.
Bayanin bayanin shuka na adiantum tare da hoto
Adiantum: Kula da gida yana da sauki
Furen adiantum fure ne mai tsiro mai tsire-tsire na itace wanda tsirinsa yayi kauri kuma mai kauri, an rufe shi da waje tare da sikeli mai launin ruwan kasa-baki. Tsarin ganye na iya zama na yau da kullun ko akasin haka, petioles duhu ne, mai haske, an rufe shi da sikeli a gindi. Tsawon su shine santimita 25.
Ganyen da kanshi kore ne, wataƙila da launin toka mai launin toka. Farantin yayi fadi, mai santsi, bazazzage. Bayyanar bangarorin na iya bambanta. Akwai trapezoidal, wedge-dimbin yawa da abubuwan obovate, waɗanda suke da sifa-fan akan fenti. Farauta tare da sporangia na layi na layi, zagaye da nau'in oblong suna kan jijiyoyi akan ƙasan yawancin sassan.
Ana horar da Adiantum a buɗe ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan adiantum-mai siffa ne mai tsari. Don haɓaka cikin ɗakin, suna amfani da "venus na gashi", adiantum na Ruddy, m, m da sauran nau'ikan.
Adiantum kula a gida tare da hoto
Hoto na kulawa na Adiantum
Wannan fern, kamar sauran mutane, baya son kasancewa cikin rana. Dole ne a girma a cikin inuwa m, wanda ke nufin cewa mafi nasara wurin shuka shine zai zama arewacin windows ko gabashin windowsill ko wani wuri a bayan ɗakin. In ba haka ba, za a lura da mutuwar kore ganye.
- Adiantum fern bai yarda da namowa ba a cikin rufaffiyar ɗakin gaba ɗaya, saboda yana buƙatar iska mai tsabta.
- A wannan yanayin, bai kamata ku shirya daftarin ba, in ba haka ba dabbar ku za ta mutu.
- Karku bar ƙura ta tara a cikin ɗakin, saboda haka kuna buƙatar tsabtace ɗakin a kai a kai tare da zane mai laushi, kuma yawanci ke motsa iska.
Venerein gashi yana da matukar illa ga kasancewar kowane irin abubuwan da ke cikin iska. Wannan yana nufin cewa bai yarda da hayaki taba ba, kuma zai yi girma sosai a cikin dafa abinci. Domin Adiantum fern ta haɓaka da kyau, tana buƙatar tabbatar da zazzabi mai kyau na ɗakin, wanda ba zai wuce 22 ºC da 15 ºC ba a cikin hunturu, bi da bi.
- Tukunya da fern koyaushe ya kamata ya kasance a wuri guda, saboda ba ya haƙuri da motsi.
- Don inganta yanayin shuka a lokacin rani, ana fesa ta kowace rana da ruwa mai ɗumi.
- A cikin hunturu, irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba a amfani da su, saboda wannan na iya cutar da ci gaba.
A cikin bazara da bazara, suna aiwatar da ciyar da abinci na adiantum tare da takin mai ruwa, rage ragewar da aka nuna a cikin umarnin da rabi. Ana amfani da takin mai magani fiye da sau ɗaya a kowane mako uku, yayin ban da manyan riguna a cikin hunturu.
Don fern ya samu bayyanar jin daɗi, a cikin bazara sukan datsa rawaya da ganyayyaki. Wannan tsari zai kasance da amfani ga shuka, saboda yana ƙarfafa samuwar sababbin ganye. Da zaran an cire tsoffin ganye, anaant shayar da shi sosai kuma ana fesasu.
Ruwan Adiantum
Adiantum hoto gidan kulawa
Ofaya daga cikin ka'idodin nasarar narkar da wannan abincin shine yawan shayar da shi. Wajibi ne a tabbatar cewa dunjin da yake da kullin baya bushewa, in ba haka ba mutuwar kowane ganye da kuma sassan rhizome, sannan gaba daya shuka, zai fara. Bi da bi, danshi mai yawa zai fara aiwatar da lalacewar rhizome tare da asalinsu, wanda kuma zai haifar da mutuwa.
Abin da ya yi don kauce wa mutuwar fern saboda rashin ruwa? Don tabbatar da danshi na al'ada, an sanya tukunya a cikin kwandon shara tare da ruwan dumi (daban, don wannan, an shirya ruwan dumi da aka shirya) domin ɗaukacin ƙasa ta cika. Shaidar wannan shine daskararren sheki na saman.
Sannan tukunya da fern an canja shi zuwa kwandon wanki, domin a zuba ruwa a ciki, a goge gindi kuma a sa a kan windowsill. Dukansu a cikin hunturu da bazara, ana shayar da su a cikin hanya ɗaya, amma a cikin yanayin sanyi yawan adadin waterings sun ragu.
Canjin Adiantum
Hoto adiantum na hoto
An shuka shuka mafi kyau a cikin karamin tukunya, saboda tana fifita maƙil. Veneren fern gashi yana jujjuyawa fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru uku kuma kawai lokacin da tushen ya fashe ta ramin magudanar ruwa. A cikin yanayi iri daya lokacin da ba a shirya dasa shuki ba, kawai maye gurbin farkon cm 5 na ƙasa yake.
- Tukunya don adiantum an zaɓi katako, mai fili, kuma zaku iya zaɓar yumbu, ba'a shafe shi da glaze ba. Dole a sami wadatattun ramuka. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar babban tushen tsarin.
Fara saukowa daga cikin adiantum ta hanyar sanya babban magudanar ruwa zuwa ƙasan. Sannan sun cika tukunyar da ƙasa mara amfani. An zaɓi cakuda acidic na musamman tare da humus. Abunda yakamata yakamata shine: tudun dafaffen gida da yumbu (1: 2). Wani ɓangare na ƙasa ƙasa an zuba shi a cikin matattarar magudanar ruwa, sannan an sanya shuka a cikin sabon tukunya ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali, ƙara sauran ƙasa a gare ta, tana sarrafa cewa babu wuraren da babu komai. A wannan yanayin, ƙasa ba a haɗa ta musamman ba, tun da keɓaɓɓiyar substrate zai zama mafi kyau duka don adiantum.
Cutar Adiantum da kwari mafi kwari
Dakin Adiantum
Wannan fern yana da kariya ta sunadarai na halitta. Ganyenta suna dauke da sinadarai da ke mamaye mamayar kwari. Amma nasu tsarin ba koyaushe suke aiki ba, saboda da yawa daga cikin kwari ake samun saurin amfani da su ta kowace hanya. Musamman, sikelin kwari, mealybugs, aphids, da kuma gizo-gizo mites sauƙin daidaitawa ga yawancin gubobi.
Suna yaƙi da garkuwa da giya. Don yin wannan, itace na jika a ciki kuma ana kula da farfajiya tare da parasites. Don guje wa aphids, ana goge ganyen tare da maganin soapy, sannan a wanke kayansa da ruwa mai ɗorewa. Hakanan zaka iya kula da shuka tare da kayan aiki na musamman, kamar:
- Actellik;
- Decis;
- Inta-Vir;
- Biotlin;
- Derris
- Antitlin;
- Fitoverm.
Antitlin, Fitoverm da Biotlin suma suna cire mealybug sosai. Don gwagwarmayar sa har yanzu suna amfani da Aktaru, Mospilan, Confidant da Confidor. Don kawar da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, ana amfani da Fitoverm da Actellik.
Fungal, hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri da sauran cututtuka ba su da bambanci ga adiantum, amma wani lokacin tsire-tsire na iya rasa kyakkyawar bayyanar ta saboda kulawa mara kyau. Misali, tare da karancin ruwa, gefunan ganyen ya bushe da launin ruwan kasa. Kuma idan fern gaba ɗaya yana zubar da ganye, kuna buƙatar daskarar da iska tare da fesawa kuma fara yin wannan koyaushe, saboda ɗakin ya bushe sosai. Yamar da kore na fern yana nuna ɓacin haske, saboda haka ana buƙatar tura tukunyar zuwa wani wuri mai duhu. Idan ganyen ya toya, amma kada kuyi launin ruwan kasa, sannan ɗakin yayi sanyi da laima.
Abubuwan amfani na daddarorin na adiantum
Hoto na fure na Adiantum da bayanin
Fern kore yana dauke da waɗannan mahadi masu aiki:
- flavonoids;
- steroids;
- triterpenoids;
- mai mai mahimmanci;
- phenol carboxylic acid;
- lipids, da sauransu.
Sakamakon kayan haɗinsa, mai amfani da adiantum ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin magani a Yammacin Turai. A kan tushen infusions, syrups, powders, extracts an yi. Don haka, a cikin ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa na fern yana da sakamako mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma syrup yana ƙarfafa bege da ƙarancin zafin jiki.
- Ana ci gaba daga wannan, anaantum ana amfani dashi sosai don magance cututtuka na tsarin numfashi, saifa, hanta, da mafitsara.
- A waje, ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin nau'i na lotions da damfara don cizon dabbobi (don kawar da kai), kasancewar raunukan da ba su warkarwa na dogon lokaci. Magungunan gargajiya kuma suna amfani da adiantum don kula da giya.
Amfani da kayan shafawa na zamani yayi daidai da mahimmanci. Daga ita sai a yi ado ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka kara a ruwa. Yin amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki don kurkura gashi, zaku iya kawar da dandruff har ma da warkar da wasu cututtukan fata masu daskarewa.
Adiantum Sake buguwa
Adiantum Fern
Akwai nau'i biyu na yaduwar adiantum: rarrabuwar daji da yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba (ko spores). Bari mu bincika su daki-daki:
1. Raba Bush. Wannan nau'in haifuwa ana yin sa a cikin bazara, lokacin da ake jujjuyar da gashin gashi. An 'yantar da shi daga tsohuwar tukunyar kuma an raba shi da wuka mai kaifi zuwa sassa da yawa. Wuraren yanka suna yayyafa da gawayi, bayan wannan an dasa kowane ɓangaren rhizome a cikin sabon tukunya. Don dasawa, tsire-tsire ne kawai wanda yake da maki mai yawa wanda aka zaɓi, in ba haka ba adiantum zai mutu yayin dasawa.
Bai kamata ku damu ba lokacin da adiantum na dogon lokaci ba zai nuna alamun girma ba bayan dasawa - wannan al'ada ce. Kafin a rarraba rhizome, dunƙule na dunƙule dole ya bushe. Lokacin dasa sabon shuka a cikin ƙasa, suna tabbata cewa tushen wuya ba a zurfafa a cikin ƙasa ba don guje wa juji da kore.
2. Yaduwa ta dan kadan. Adiantum an samu nasarar girma ta amfani da spores. Don ƙwayarsu, an zaɓi tukunya da ƙaramin zurfi, wanda aka cika tare da cakuda peat, yashi da ƙasa a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. Kafin amfani, ana zuba man da ruwan zãfi don shafa shi. Da zaran bayan hanyar da ƙasa ta isa ga ƙarfinsa na yau da kullun, ana shuka tsaba a farfajiyarta wacce aka rufe da gilashin.
- Germinate spores a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi. Adiantum zai fito da sauri idan tukunyar ta mai zafi daga ƙasa zuwa 21 ºC. Lokacin Germination shine makonni 1-10.
Da zaran ƙananan tsire-tsire sun bayyana a saman farfajiya, an cire gilashin, kuma ana sanya tukunya a cikin wuri mai haske inda hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya faɗi. Bayan ɗan lokaci, seedlingsan itacen ya nitse. dasa su a cikin guda 2-3 a cikin karamin tukwane na peat.
Iri Adiantum
Adiantum Venus Gashi
Adiantum Venus Gashi (Adiantum capillus-veneris). Za a iya samun wannan murhun a wuraren buɗe ido a cikin Crimea, Caucasus, da Tsakiyar Asiya. Wurin da ya fi fitowa a cikin ƙasa shine ƙasa mai ɗaukar dutse kusa da tushen danshi. An bambanta shuka da bakin bakin rhizomes na bakin ciki, kuma ya sami suna ne saboda ganyen halayyar. Su yan bakin ciki ne, kore mai haske, mai fasalin launi, wanda yake a dolo mai tsayin santimita 25. Wannan shine mafi shahararren gidan fure daga adiantum.
Adiantum-mai siffa imbricatum Adiantum pedatum imbricatum
Adiantum pusiform (Adiantum pedatum). Mafi kyawun kyawawan launuka masu kyau na ferns. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka na Arewacin Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Wasu mutane na wannan shuka suna girma zuwa 60 cm a tsayi. Sashin ganye mai laushi ne, mai laushi, wanda yake a gefe ɗaya, koren haske a launi. Bar pinnate, tare da yanke akan tarnaƙi, zaune akan ƙananan petioles na bakin ciki a kwance. Wannan adiantum yana rayuwa har cikin tsananin sanyi (har zuwa-35 ºC), saboda haka ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa.
An gabatar da nau'in a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan:
- Compactum karamin tsire-tsire ne har zuwa 35 cm tsayi;
- Imbricatum - dwarf inji wanda bai wuce 15 cm tsayi ba;
- Yaponikum shine mafi girman nau'ikan adiantum, wanda yake shine 45 cm tsayi kuma tsawon cm 30. Sabbin rassansa suna da farin tagulla-mai haske, wanda sannu-sannu ya canza zuwa kore yayin da suke girma;
- Aleutikum karamin adiantum ne mai tsayi na 10 cm kuma fa'ida har zuwa cm 20. Daidai don girma a cikin tukunya, saboda yana hana fuskantar rana.
Adiantum mai taushi Adiantum yazaɗa Sexy Pink
Adiantum yana da ladabi (Adiantum tenerum). Ana kuma kiranta adiantum ruwan hoda. Wannan fern yayi girma a kan Antilles kuma a cikin wurare masu zafi na Amurka. Rahian rhizome na shuka tana creeping, gajeru. Ganyayyaki suna da gashin tsuntsu-uku, tare da sigogin da ke da siffa da kuma sashin da ke da faffada. Tsawon ganyayyaki shine 70 cm (ban da petiole, tsawon sa wani 30 cm), faɗin kuma 50 cm.
Wadannan nau'ikan suna girma:
- Farleiens - yana da kyawawan ganyayyaki masu ban sha'awa.
- Scootum Roseum sananne ne ga kyawawan ganyenta masu launin da suke canza launuka daga ruwan hoda zuwa kore.
Adiantum m-mai gashi Adiantum hisambal
Adiantum m (Adiantum hispidulum). Wannan wakili ne na fauna na Afirka wanda ke girma a cikin tsaunuka a kan iyakar tare da dusar ƙanƙara. Hakanan ana samun shi a Ostiraliya da New Zealand, Indiya, da Madagascar. Dankin yana da tsintsiyar rhizome da ƙananan ƙananan ganye (15-25 cm) na nau'in lanceolate-dissected, yana girma akan dogayen petioles (kimanin 35 cm) tare da karamin setae. Ganyen umarni na biyu ƙananan (2x0.5 cm), an rufe shi da bristles, mai siffa mai lu'u-lu'u. Wannan sanannen gidan dabino ne.
Adiantum Ruddy Adiantum raddianum
Adiantum Ruddy (Adiantum raddianum). Hakanan ana kiranta da siffar siffar-weji. Itatuwan tsire-tsire daga gandun daji na Brazil tare da manyan ganye, waɗanda ke da faɗin cm cm 45 da faɗin cm 25. Ganyen wannan fern suna da kyan gani. Sun ƙunshi da dama leavesan kananan ganye zaune a kan m baki petioles.
A cikin ciyawar cikin gida, ana amfani da nau'ikan waɗannan:
- Micropinnulum da Grasillium - suna da ƙananan ganyayyaki, yanayin rayuwa wanda ke buƙatar babban zafi a cikin ɗakin. Wannan kawai za'a iya cimmawa a cikin florarium.
- Festum da Fritz Loot - waɗannan nau'ikan marasa ma'ana ne, masu tsayayya da rayuwa cikin yanayin gida.
Adiantum tailed Adiantum caudatum
Adiantum tailed (Adiantum caudatum). Ganyen wannan fern suna da tsawo (kusan 60 cm), saboda haka an sanya shuka mai ruwa a cikin cikin ciyawar cikin gida. Petioles launin ruwan kasa a launi, ganye a ƙarshen suna da zuriya. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa dunun dajin da wannan shuka baya bushewa, tunda yana da matukar saukin kamuwa da wannan.
Adiantum kyau Adiantum formosum
Adiantum yana da kyau (Adiantum formosum). High ferns, wanda daji ya kai 1 m, amma suna da m rhizome. A launi daga cikin tushen ne purple-baki, ganye ne duhu kore, Multi-pinnate, triangular-obovate.
Adiantum m Adiantum venustum
Adiantum m (Adiantum venustum). Matsakaicin girma - Kashmir da Nepal. Tsawon ganyayyaki karami ne, cm 20. Ba su da kunkuntar, nuna. Launi na petioles mai launin shuɗi-baki ne.
Adiantum cuneate (Adiantum cuneatum
Adiantum-mai siffa mai ɗumbin yawa (Adiantum cuneatum). Ya yi kama da adiantum kyakkyawa, amma yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i. Yana girma a kudancin Brazil.
Adiantum diaperum Adiantum
Adiantum m (Adiantum diaphanum). Tsawon tsirrai shine 25-40 cm, ganyayyaki masu pinnate ko pin-biyu. Bar ganye maras nauyi kore, petioles na bakin ciki ne.
Adiantum fragmentrans Adiantum Fragrans
Adiantum yaudara (Adiantum Fragrans). Wannan sanannen tsire ne wanda ya girma a cikin Andes. Fern yana haɓaka da sauri. An rarrabe shi ta ganyen ganye mai launin shuɗi mai laushi, zaune akan gajerun petioles 10-15 cm.
Adiantum - alamu
An yi imanin cewa adiantum yana wartsakewa da kuma karfafa waɗanda suke cikin ɗakin da yake girma. Bugu da kari, wannan karamcin, yana sanya mutum yai maraba da matsaloli.
