Daga cikin tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin tsire-tsire masu ado babu ciyayi da bishiyoyi da yawa. Mafi ban sha'awa bambance-bambancen na mottled alamu a kan marmari ganye ana miƙa ta rare, amma sabili da haka har ma da mafi yawan Aucuba. Duk da kasancewar berries mai haske da wasu fasaloli na musamman, yana da alaƙa ga zane-zane a cikin ganyayyakin cewa ana ɗaukar wannan kyakkyawa ɗayan mafi yawan abubuwan ban sha'awa. A cikin narkar da aucub - nesa daga mafi sauki inji. Amma duk abin da ta buƙata shi ne lokacin sanyi da kuma kulawar yau da kullun.
Aucuba Jafananci (Aucuba japonica).
Tsarin tsirrai Aucuba (Aucuba) wakiltar dangi a al'adun daki Garievs (Garryaceae), kodayake kafin a danganta su da Kizilovs. Wannan inji shine na hali mai mazaunin gumi subtropics. A cikin yanayin, Aucubas ne kawai za'a iya samu a cikin gandun daji na gabashin Asiya. Sun fara la'akari da aucuba a matsayin shuka mai ado nan da nan bayan an shigo da shi Turai; a farkon karni na 19, shuka ya bazu cikin ɗaki da al'adun kore.
Aucubas sune bishiyun bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Ko da a cikin yanayi, matsakaicinsu mai iyaka yana iyakance zuwa 3. M ganyei zauna gaban, babba, lanceolate ko m-lanceolate, tare da nuna goge. Abubuwan harbe sune na bakin ciki amma suna da karfi. Tsarin jinsuna na yau da kullun ba sa da yawa, maƙil iri daban-daban da siffofin ado tare da ƙaramin babba ko babba dige akan ganyayyaki. Fure na Aucuba na iya yin rashin jin daɗi, amma lokacin da yake girma daga tsirrai maza da mata da tsallake pollination bayan ya yi kyau sosai bishiyoyi. A waje, fruitsa ofan marukan Aucuba da yawa sun yi kama da 'ya'yan itacen kare.
A cikin al'adun daki, ana wakilci aucubas galibi ta shuka wanda ya sami lakabi da tsiran tsiran alade ko itacen zinare - aucuba japanese (Aucuba japonica) Green harbe har ma bayan lumbering. Oval-lanceolate ko ganyen ovate-lanceolate na shuka suna da kyan gani da haske. Matsakaicin tsawon ganyayyaki ya kai 20 cm tare da faɗin kusan cm 6 Gefen ganyen na iya zama mai kauri ko yage. A kan launi mai tushe mai haske mai haske, tatsuniyoyi da aibobi daban-daban masu girma dabam da sifofi, amma koyaushe zinare, suna bayyana. Wasan wasan zane mai zane a kan shimfida mai haske kuma ya zama dalilin bayyanar sunan barkwanci na itace tsiran tsiran alade. Faifan zane-zanen da aka yi kama da gaske sun yi kama da wani yanki na tsiran tsiran alade ko wani dutsen da ke dauke da zinari. Tare da giciye-pollination a kan bushes haske ja 'ya'yan itace ake daura.
Basica'idodin asali, shuka nau'in sayarwa, yana da wuya. Aucuba Jafananci ana wakilta galibi da nau'ikan da siffofin kayan ado. Mafi mashahuri a yau sune:
- variegate tare da ƙananan dige na zinariya a kan dukkan farfajiya na takardar;
- nau'i mai zane tare da tsakiyar rawaya da gefuna duhu kore na ruwan wukake na ganye;
- nau'i mai marmara tare da kyakkyawan cream-zinariya a kan ganyayyaki;
- nau'i mai tsawo tare da ganye mai zurfi tare da ganye, lanceolate ganye, a waje na ɗan maimaita willows;
- nau'i na zinari tare da kusan launin rawaya;
- nau'i na dabino tare da kyawawan gefuna na ado na ganyayyakin oval elongated;
- nau'in crotonolate tare da farin da aibobi na zinariya a cikin ganyayyaki;
- iri-iri "Dust na Zinare", wanda a ƙarƙashin tatsuniyoyi da yawa a cikin ganyayyaki launi na duhu mai duhu kusan kusan ganuwa ne;
- launin ganye mai duhu "Hillieri".
Aucuba Jafananci iri "Daisuke ta Tiger".
Aucuba Jafananci iri-iri “Natsu-no-kumo”.
Aucuba Jafananci iri-iri “Ooba Nakafu”.
Baya ga Aucuba na Jafananci, ana samo shi akan siyarwa kuma Aucuba Himalayan (Aucuba himalaica) shine tsiro mafi girma tare da duhu mai duhu, ganye, lanceolate da berries mai haske. Tsarin da ke cikin ganyayyaki ya lalace, kuma launi na tushe da kanta an rufe shi da koren duhu. Saboda kunkuntar ganye da ƙananan haske, ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire mara kyan gani.
Kula da Aubub a gida
Aucubs suna da daidai da la'akari da Hardy da tsire-tsire marasa fassara. Ba sa buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa, gafarta zunubanku kuma suna da tsayayya da yanayin canzawa. A zahiri, akwai wahala ɗaya kawai a cikin tsirar wannan shuka - hunturu mai sanyi. Bayan duk, har zuwa daban-daban hasken wuta aucubs daidaita da sosai.
Lokacin aiki tare da aucuba, yana da daraja tunawa da yawan guba na duk sassan shuka da ɗaukar matakan kare fata da ƙwayoyin mucous daga hulɗa tare da shuka.
Haske Aucuba
Wannan shine ɗayan bishiyoyi masu ƙyalƙyali don haske. Aucuba yana haɓaka da kyau a kowane haske - warwatse haske (ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba), kuma a cikin inuwa m, kuma a cikin inuwa. Thearfin yin haƙuri har ma da shading mai ƙarfi ba tare da shimfiɗa cikin girma yana ba da damar yin amfani da shuka sosai a cikin ƙirar ɗakunan dakuna ba. Fulawa da 'ya'yan itace suna fama da shaye-shaye, amma tunda ya riga ya dogara da giciye-pollination, ba a dauki wannan tasirin babbar asara ba ce. Colorarfin launi da adadin aibobi na iya raguwa cikin inuwa mai ƙarfi.
A cikin hunturu, zai fi kyau sake shirya shuka zuwa wani wuri mai haskakawa, amma kawai idan yana yiwuwa a matsar da shigan shigan sabon wuri ba tare da canza tsarin zazzabi ba. Idan ausuba masu ruwa a cikin dumin dumin zafi, to, an fallasa tsiron a wurare da hasken da ya bazu.
Ga Aucubs, hotunan windows na arewa da makamantan su cikakke ne.
Aucuba Jafananci (Aucuba japonica).
Zazzabi mai nutsuwa
Aucuba ya kasance na tsire-tsire na cikin gida, mai tsananin haƙuri da zafi. Zai fi kyau girma wannan al'ada a cikin yanayin sanyi, a zazzabi na 15 zuwa 18 digiri Celsius, har ma lokacin bazara. Matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda shuka ba ya fara hanzartawa zuwa tsufa kuma rasa ganye shine digiri 20 Celsius. Zaɓin ɗakuna mafi sanyi da ɗakunan arewa, yana da wuya a yi kuskure.
Ya kamata tsarin kulawar hunturu na Aucuba ya kasance mai sanyaya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda shuka zai riƙe kayan ado shine digiri 13-14. Lokacin da sama sama iska zazzabi a cikin hunturu, da sauri aucub zai sauke ganye da kuma rasa kyau. Zazzabi mafi karancin shuka shine zafin jiki 5, amma ya fi idan yawan zafin iska bai sauka zuwa digiri 7 ba. Yanada raunin matsanancin zafi sosai game da wannan tsiron zai iya cimma ruwa kawai ta hanyar ƙarfin haske da zafi sosai.
A cikin watannin bazara, ana iya ɗaukar dusar ƙanƙan wuta zuwa ingantaccen iska idan ana so. Lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan baranda kuma a cikin lambu, dole ne a kiyaye shuka daga haske mai haske, ruwan sama da magudanan ruwa.
Watering da zafi
Yana da mahimmanci ga Aucuba don kula da danshi na ƙasa, amma ya kamata a kiyaye ciyawar daga matattarar ruwa. Watering for aucuba ba wuya ana aiwatar da shi, yana canza ruwa kawai: yayin aikin ci gaban aiki, ana shayar da aucuba da yawa, amma yayin lokaci mai sanyi, karamin ruwa. Wannan inji ana iya daukar fari-da zai iya tsayawa, amma kuma bai kamata a sake maimaita maganar a kai a kai ba, domin idan bushewa da gurbin zai yi barazanar shuka gaba daya, aucuba zata hanzarta rasa kayanta na ado. Tsakanin shayarwa, kawai babban abincin a cikin tukwane an yarda ya bushe a lokacin rani, kuma a cikin hunturu maƙarƙashiyar ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren ce da kuma tsakiyar-bushe. Ruwa daga pallets dole ne a drained 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan shayarwa.
Gumi lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a mafi yawan zafin jiki na aucuba bashi da mahimmanci: cikin sanyin jiki wannan shuka zai iya jure har da iska mai bushewa. Amma duk wani karkacewa daga yanayin da aka bada shawarar zuwa sama yana buƙatar diyya ta hanyar ƙara ƙaruwa cikin yanayin zafi na iska. A lokacin rani, ana baza shuka, ana mai da hankali ga asarar kayan ado da bayyanar, amma a cikin bazara da kuma hunturu a yanayin zafi, aucube suna ba da isasshen feshin ruwa ko haɓakar iska zuwa 70% ta hanyar shigar da hura iska. A lokacin da sa a cikin sanyi spraying ba a za'ayi ko za'ayi sosai a hankali.
Dukansu don ban ruwa da don spraying, zaka iya amfani da ruwa mai laushi kawai, tsaftataccen ruwa ɗan zafin jiki sama da zafin jiki.
Aucuba Jafananci (Aucuba japonica).
Jumhuriyar Aucuba Jafananci
A lokacin girma girma, daga farkon bazara har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, ana ciyar da wadatar abinci, a gabatar da sutturar suttura mafi kyau a cikin shirin kulawa tare da yawan lokuta 1 a cikin kwanaki 10.
Za'a iya zaɓin nau'in taki na wannan shuka a hankali. Aucuba ta amsa da takin gargajiya, amma takin zamani na tsire-tsire na cikin gida shima za'a iya amfani dashi. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau madadin ma'adinan ma'adinai da ciyar da kwayoyin.
Kirkirowa da daidaita Aucuba Jafananci
Domin kifin Jafananci ya zama kyakkyawa da karami, inji yana bukatar samuwar yau da kullun. Don aucuba, ya fi dacewa a datse kai tsaye bayan dasawa ko a farkon bazara a cikin waɗannan shekarun lokacin da ba a yi aikin dasawa ba.
Dasawa da canza ruwa
Aucuba yana tsoron tsoron raunin tushe, kuma ana aiwatar da jujjuyawar wannan ciyayi ba fiye da 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 2-3, kamar yadda ya cancanta. Kafin Tushen ya rufe murfin dunƙule gaba ɗaya ya fara bayyana daga ramin magudanan ruwa, ba a so a taɓa tsire.
Ba kwa buƙatar damuwa game da samo ruwan ƙasa na musamman don amfanin aucuba. Idan substrate ya isasshe sako-sako, ruwa- da breathable, da shuka zai ji da kyau a ciki. Don aucuba, ana iya amfani da mayukan duniya. Idan kun gauraya ƙasa da kanku, zai fi kyau ku haɗa gaurayawan abubuwa:
- canzawa daga peat, yashi, ganye da ƙasa mai ƙima a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 2: 6;
- canzawa daga daidai sassa na ganye da ƙasa m, humus, peat da yashi.
Aucuba yana girma sosai a cikin ruwa mai ruwa da tukwane tare da ban ruwa atomatik.
Don wadatar kowane nau'i da daraja, yi amfani da tukwane masu yawa. A cikin kwantena masu kunkuntar, tushen sa yana shan wahala.
Lokacin dasawa, tuntuɓar tare da tushen kuma an cire saman Layer na ƙasa da ke gurbata, ana sarrafa ƙwayar yayin kiyaye tataccen turɓayar. Ana buƙatar shafin tabatarwa.
Jikin Jafan na Japan.
Cututtukan Japan Aucuba da kwari
Babban haɗari ga aucubas shine rot. Tare da kowane wuce haddi danshi ko zaɓi mara kyau na ƙasa mai ɗorewa, inji yana shan wahala sosai, aibanin baƙi ya bayyana akan ganyayyaki, yana nuna matsala. Tare da gano shi a kan kari, zaku iya jure shi tare da sauƙin kulawa. Juyin jigilar gaggawa ba shi da tasiri: raunin da ya ɓoye mafi yawa yakan haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Daga cikin kwari da ke aucubas, kawai ana samo mealybugs da m gizo-gizo, waɗanda aka fi sarrafawa da sauri tare da maganin kwari.
Matsalar girma gama gari:
- rashin ƙarfi, asarar aibobi tare da rashin isasshen haske ko rashi ƙasa.
- blanching na ganye a cikin haske mai tsananin haske;
- fadowa daga ganyayyaki a cikin rashin babban miya;
- rawaya na ƙananan ganye tare da raguwa na hankali: ƙarancin zafin jiki ko matsaloli tare da sha;
- bushewa da koli da yellowing na babba ganye a cikin haske mai haske;
- fadada ganye tare da ciyarwar da ba ta dace ba da kuma raguwar cakuda.
- bayyanar baƙar fata a kan ganyayyaki yayin lokacin hunturu mai dumi ba tare da kula da rama ba.
Aucuba kiwo
Aukubu na kasar Japan, da sauran nau'ikan aucubs na cikin gida, ana yadu dasu kawai ta hanyar yanke. Za'a iya yanke yankan yayin dukkan matakan cigaba na aiki. Dukansu lokacin bazara da damina suna yanyanka daidai. A daji, zaku iya dasa firam na harbe ko tushe mai tushe, amma yana tare da fi wanda zaku iya samun bushes na ado da sauri. An yanke yankan daga rassan shekarar da ta gabata, suna barin mayafi biyu kuma suna yin daidaitaccen yankewa. Dankunnen Aucuba za a iya kafe a cikin substrate (yashi ko yashi-peat). Don tushen tushe, wajibi ne don tabbatar da yanayin zafin jiki (kimanin digiri 21) da gumi mai ƙarfi. Karkatar da tsire-tsire nan da nan bayan an dasa a cikin kwantena mutum da daidaitaccen ma'auni.
Aucuba Himalayan (Aucuba himalaica).
Kuna iya samun shuka daga tsaba, amma wannan hanyar ba ta adana ire-iren yanayin tsirrai. Giciye-pollination ne da za'ayi tare da m goga, da tsaba ripen a hankali, kafin girbi da berries dole ne a yarda ya cikakken ripen. Ana amfani da tsaba sabo ne kawai don shuka, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a sami tsaba aucuba a siyar. Tsaba suna rasa asalinsu da sauri, kuma koda bayan wata ɗaya ba za ku iya samun shuka ɗaya daga cikinsu ba. Shuka ne da za'ayi a cikin peat-yashi ƙasa cakuda, shuka a kan m substrate kuma dan kadan yafa tare da ƙasa. Lokacin da za a sami mafaka tare da gilashi ko fim da zazzabi na kimanin digiri 21, dole ne ka jira watanni da yawa kafin fitowar. Kasar gona danshi dole ne a kiyaye akai. Zuwa cikin kwantena mutum yana gudana ne kawai bayan bayyanar allon na uku.
