Kulawar da ta dace a gida

Haworthia wata fure ce mai kyau ta halittar Succulents, ana rarrabe ta da kyawun bayyanar ta da nau'ikan dayawa. Irin wannan tsire-tsire ba shi da ma'ana don kulawa da haƙuri da namo a gida.

Bayanin Shuka

An fara gano Haworthia a Cape na Afirka ta Kudu. Irin wannan shuka mai sauƙin yarda da yanayin zafi na mahaifarsa da zai iya girma har akan ƙasa mafi talauci da bushewa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa haworthia, kamar sauran succulents, yana da ikon tara danshi da abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci a cikin ganyen ganye.

An gabatar da wannan fure mai ban mamaki zuwa Turai a farkon karni na 18, amma ya zama yaduwa kawai bayan shekaru 100.

Haworthia wani tsiro ne mai ƙanƙanta da baƙon abu, a kan matsakaicim tsayinsa daidai yake da 8-9 santimita.

Haworthia a yanayi

Babban fasalin kayan ado na succulents sune ganyen fleshy waɗanda aka tattara a cikin soket mai fasali, tushe shine kusan babu shi.

Ya danganta da nau'ikan da aka zaɓa, ana iya ba da ganyen haworthia da halaye iri-iri:

• a cikin siffar su, suna iya zama triangular, lacental, zagaye, ko allura-mai siffa;
• launin launi na ganye ya bambanta daga launin kore zuwa fari, shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa da ruwan shuɗi mai duhu;
• ganye na iya zama na fili, ratsi, lu'u-lu'u ko tare da tsarin zato a cikin nau'i na ratsi, bugun jini ko aibobi;
• Hakanan akan ganyayyaki zaku iya lura da fararen fata, bakin zaren ko manyan kaloli.

Baya ga bayyanar da unpretentiousness, haworthia na iya yin alfahari da dorewarta, tare da kulawa da ta dace, tana iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 20.

A gida haworthia blooms da wuya. Spike inflorescences, ya ƙunshi ƙananan, fararen furanni, suna kan manyan farfajiyoyin. Suna ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa masu amfani da abubuwan ɓoye abubuwa kuma suka lalata shuka, ta hakan ke haifar da mutuwa. Abin da ya sa, da zaran peduncle fara farawa, dole ne a cire shi nan da nan.

Wani fasalin halayyar shuka zai kasance kasancewar ɗakunan kwatancen daughterya'ya'ya masu yawa, waɗanda ke haɓaka da sauri sosai a gaban halayen kyawawa.

Nau'in Haworthia

A cikin duka, akwai nau'ikan haworthia sama da 70, gami da hadawa. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu zuwa ana ɗauka mafi mashahuri a cikinsu.

Girgizar

An dauke shi daya daga mafi girma tsakanin wakilan nau'ikanta, a matsakaita, tsawonta ya kai santimita 12.

Ganyayyaki, 3.5-4 cm tsayi da faɗin 1-1.5 cm, an shirya su a cikin karkace kuma suna girma kusan a tsaye. An fentin su a cikin duhu kore, kusan baki.

Girgizar

Hakanan a cikin ganyayyaki akwai babban adadin farin girma, saboda wanda ƙara juriya ga dalilai na waje.

Tsawon farfajiyar shine sau da yawa girman shuka da kanta kuma mita 1.

Chess

Babban fasalin wannan nau'in ba sabon abu bane, karkace ganye. Tsawon su shine santimita 4 da faɗin 2.5, akwai katun a ciki na takardar, kuma ana iya ganin ƙananan hakora a gefuna.

Chess

Hakanan akan kowane ganye akwai tsarin da yayi kama da raga na ratsi na bakin ciki. A vivo irin wannan shuka blooms sau da yawa a kowace kakar.

M

Wannan iri-iri cikakke ne kara mai tushe, ganyayyaki suna dale, triangular. Launin shuka ya dogara da hasken haske da adadin danshi da aka gabatar, ana iya zama shuɗi mai duhu da duhu.

M

A gefen ganyen akwai wasu matakai na farin da ke fitowa mai kama da juna;

Dwarf

A wata hanyar, ana kiran wannan shuka pygmy haworthia.

Ana la'akari da irin wannan fure mafi unpretentious da dada. A kan kowane takardar akwai ɗan ƙaramar ƙarfi, yayin da tsawon su yawanci ba su wuce 1 santimita ba. Diamita na kanti yana kan matsakaitan 5-6 santimita.

Dwarf

Atrofusca

An bambanta ganyen wannan tsiro ta hanyar su sabon abu mai launin shuɗi. A cikin rana mai haske suna zama kusan tabbatacce kuma an ƙirƙiri sakamako mai ban sha'awa. Yawancin lokaci, tsawon su shine santimita 4-5 da nisa na santimita 2-3.

Atrofusca

M

Tsawon wannan shuka shine 12-15 santimita, ganyayyaki sunyi ƙanana da girma a cikin layuka uku, suna shiga cikin tushe don daga nesa furen ya zama kamar matattakalar karkace.

M

Tare da shekaru, ganyayyaki haworthia sun sami sabon abu mai kama da tsari, an kirkiro harsashi a saman farantin, an kuma kirkiro juzu'i a ƙasa, yayin da ɗan ƙaramin aka saukar da ƙasa.

Yadda za'a bambance haworthia da sauran nau'ikan maye?

Mafi yawan lokuta abin halas ne rikita batun tare da aloe mai juyayiamma wadannan tsirrai suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa:

1. A lokacin karami, bakin farin fararen fata 15 mm mai tsawo ya bayyana akan tukwanen ganyen aloe; basa nan a haworthia;
2. Aloe yana girma shi kadai, yayin da haworthia Forms kusa da kanta mai yawa "yara";
3. Yawancin lokaci, Haworthia ya fita ado tare da zane-zane daban-daban, girma ko kumbura, kuma a cikin aloe suna da sauki;
4. Akwai hakarkari a kasan ganyen haworthia, alhali a cikin aloe yana da laushi kuma an zagaye shi.

Kula da tsiro

Haworthia, kamar kowane shuka, yana buƙatar kulawa da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau.

Yanayi mai dadi na fure

Mafi kyawun duka, irin wannan fure yana jin taga ta kudu, kudu maso yamma ko kudu maso gabas, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a kwantar da dakin, a kai a kai, amma don hana samuwar zayyana.

Haworthia Yana son hasken rana sosaiamma a lokaci guda haskoki kai tsaye suna lalata mata.

Too matasa furanni (har zuwa shekara daya 1) ana kiyaye su a cikin m inuwa, wanda idan za su samar da tushen tsarin da haɓaka da sauri.

Sabili da haka, ƙwararrun furanni masu gogewa suna ba da shawarar ɗan ƙaramin ɗanyen shuka a lokacin rani, alal misali, sanya shi kusa da maƙwabta mafi girma, kuma a cikin hunturu, akasin haka, ƙara sa'o'in hasken rana tare da taimakon fitilu na musamman.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na irin wannan shuka zai kasance tazara Digiri 23 zuwa 27. Danshi yakamata ya kasance tsakanin iyaka.

Siffofin kulawar gida

Ruwa furanni ya kamata a matsakaicigujewa tururuwa na danshi a cikin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci, ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 5-10 bayan ƙasa a cikin tukunya ta bushe. Nan da nan bayan an shayar, ya kamata a zuba ruwa daga sump.

Dole ne a tsayar da ruwa don ban ruwa, saboda salts din da suka zama ruwan famfo suna da tasirin gaske a kan shuka.

Hakanan yakamata ku guji samun ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki da kuma tsakiyar mashigar.

Haworthia na iya yin girma ko da a kan ƙananan ƙasa, sabili da haka saman miya zai zama zaɓi na zaɓi lokacin girma. Koyaya, yana da daraja a tuna cewa amfani da takin zamani don cacti da succulents, zaku iya hanzarta haɓakar fure.

Haworthia Nutrition

An ciyar da su sau ɗaya a wata yayin ciyayi na shuka. Babban mahimmancin abubuwa shine yawan takin da ake amfani dashi, yakamata ya zama sau 2-3 ƙasa da yadda aka nuna a umarnin.

Mataki mai mahimmanci musamman game da kula da tsabtar tsiron zai kasance lokacin hutawa, wanda ya faɗi a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Maris.

A wannan lokacin, kulawar fure kamar haka:

1. Tukunya da shuka tana buƙatar tura shi zuwa ɗaki mai haske tare da zazzabi +12-+15 digiri;
2. Ruwa da Haworthia sau daya a wata, yayin da yake 2 kwanaki kafin kuma kwanaki 2 bayan hanyar, fure ya kamata ya kasance a cikin wurin dumi;
3. Hakanan, ya kamata a dakatar da takin zamani na wannan lokacin.

Juyawa

Wani abu mai mahimmanci don kula da tsirrai zai zama nasa dasawa lokaci-lokaciwanda ake aiwatar da 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 2-3.

Haworthia tana jin jiki sosai, saboda haka lokacin zabar tukunya, zai fi kyau a mai da hankali kan lebur mai faɗin faɗin santimita kaɗan wanda ya fi girma na baya.

Kamar ƙasa, ana bada shawara don amfani da ƙasa da aka yi shirye don cacti ko nasara, ko ɗayan abubuwan gauraya mai zuwa:

• 1 sashin dunƙule peat, sassa guda 2 da aka faɗaɗa yumɓu da sashi na ɓawon ɓawon ɓawon yanki 1 ko gansar sphagnum;
• 5 sassa na ƙasar da aka gama don cacti, 1 yanki na marmashi daga tubalin ja da sassan 2 yashi;
• 3 sassa na ƙasa don tsire-tsire masu yanke hukunci, 3 sassan yumɓu masu yumɓu, sassan 3 yashi da 1 ɓangaren yumɓu foda.

Shirye ƙasa don dasa shuki haworthia

Bayan an zaɓi tukunya kuma an shirya ƙasa, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa hanyar da kanta:

1. 1/3 na tukunya an rufe shi da yumɓu mai yumɓu mai kyau, wanda bayan haka an rufe ƙasa da aka gama da farar 1.5 - 2 santimita;
2. Sannan an cire fure daga tsohuwar tukunyar kuma a hankali bincika tushen, idan an samo lalacewa, dole ne a yanke su nan da nan tare da wuka mai kaifi, kuma an yanke cut ɗin da maganin mai rauni na fugnicide;
3. Kafin dasawa, yakamata inji yakamata ranar kwance a cikin iska, don furanni tare da tsarin tushen lalacewa, wannan lokacin yana ƙaruwa zuwa kwanaki 10-12;
4. A mataki na karshe, an sanya fure a cikin tukunya kuma a yayyafa ta a hankali tare da ƙasa, yayin da haramtawa matsewa da tufatar da ƙasa. Nan da nan bayan dasa, da abin sha mai sauƙi ne a shayar.

Mafi yawan kurakurai na yau da kullun

Ko da lokacin da shuka wata unpreentious shuka, kowane grower iya haɗu da dama matsaloli.

Kuskuren mafi yawan lokuta a cikin kulawa da havrotia sune kamar haka:

1. Shuka ya fara shimfiɗa sama, kuma ganyayyaki a lokaci guda suna tsawaita, zama ja da baya. Wannan na nufin fure bai isa ba rana kuma tukunya yana buƙatar sake shirya shi. Hakanan an bada shawarar aiwatar da ƙarin miya;
2. Ganyen ya fara bushewa da yin dunkule a cikin karkace, farawa daga tukwici. Irin waɗannan alamun suna bayyana lokacin da suke cikin ɗaki tare da shuka yayi sanyi sosai ko kuma idan yana cikin daftarin aiki;
3. Idan a cikin haworthia tare da ganye kore, ba zato ba tsammani suna juya launin shuɗi ko launin ja, to, wataƙila adadin phosphorus a cikin ƙasa ya wuce na yau da kullun;
4. Kwayar cutar kunar rana a jiki za a sami raguwar ganye da kuma bayyanar launin toka masu launi daban-daban;
5. A yawaita ruwa ƙananan ganye na shuka sun zama ruwa mai yawa kuma sun rasa siffar su. A wannan yanayin, yakamata ƙasa ta bushe aƙalla kwanaki 7-10;
6. Idan Haworthia ya bar lalacewa ya yi baƙi, wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin dakin da shuka yake ƙarancin zafin jiki, wanda bi da bi an haɗu da shi mara kyau, yawan yawa ruwa;
7. Idan fure zafi sosai, sannan ganyaye suka fara shimfiɗa, lanƙwasa da girma mara nauyi.

Don hana fitowar matsalolin da aka bayyana a sama yana da sauqi, babban abin ba shi ne ƙeta dokokin da aka kafa don kulawa da haifuwar furen ba.

Cutar da kwari

Haworthia ba safai ake samun kwari da kwari ba, kuma daga cikin cututtukan da ke gudana, ana samun sauƙin tushen Tushen akan sa.

Tushen rot

An bayyana wannan cutar a ciki eningarfafa tushe na farantin takardar, wanda a halin yanzu zai iya zama mai sauƙin haɗin daga mashigar.

Kuna iya warkar da shuka kamar haka:

• bayan an gano abin da ke jujjuyawar, an canza haworthia nan da nan, yayin da ake maye gurbin ƙasa gabaɗaya, tukunyar da ke da tarkace ta ke haifuwa;
• A yayin juyawa, wajibi ne a bincika tushen tsiron don gano waɗancan wuraren da baƙar fata take. Ta tsaftace da wuka mai kaifi tare da kama santimita 2-3 na nama mai lafiya;
• idan kumburin riga ya riga ya yadu sosai, to ba za'a iya maganin fure ba.

Tushen tsutsa

Lokacin da wannan gurbi ya bayyana, ganyen tsiro ya zama sabon abu ga ire-ire ja ko launin shuɗi, canza kamanninsu kuma ku zama "marmara". Tare da babban yaduwar tushen tsutsa a ƙasa kuma tare da gefan tukunya, ana iya lura da fararen flakes da tarar da mai kama da kakin zuma.

Tushen ruwan sama ya bugi Haworthia

Ku yaki kwaro kamar haka:

• tukunyar shuka tam a hankali tare da filastik kunsa kuma ya rage a cikin wannan yanayin don kwanaki 1-2;
• kowane mako biyu ana ganyen ganyen tare da barasa na ethyl ko tincture na calendula;
• Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwayoyi kamar Fitoverm, Aktara, Fozalon, Intavir, da dai sauransu. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa tare da kwayoyi daban-daban sau 3-4 tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 2-3.

Garkuwa

A kasan takardar an kafa su launin toka ko tan tubercleswadanda a hankali suke girma. Ganyen dake gefensu ya rasa launinsa sannan daga baya ya mutu.

Kuna iya kawar da zamba kamar haka:

• duk kwari da ake gani ana tattara su da hannu;
• bayan haka, an lalata fure kuma an sami kofi mai ƙoshin maganin kerosene ko acetic acid an sanya shi kusa da shi. Wannan zane an hatimce shi da haihuwa domin awanni 36-48;
• daga sinadarai, Actellik, Tanrek, Confidor, Metaphos, da dai sauransu sun dace sosai.

Aphids

Yawancin kwari da haske koren launi mai launi suna kwance a kasan ganyen kuma suna ciyar da kyallen. A tsawon lokaci, ganyen ya bushe ya bushe.

Gudun Aphid

Kuna iya kawar da aphids kawai ta hanyar sunadaraikamar, Spark - Bio, Inta-Vir, Aktara, Actellik. Hanyar magani ya ƙunshi jiyya 3-4 tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 10-12, yayin da magungunan kwari da aka yi amfani da su dole ne a canza su.

A matsayin prophylaxis na kwari, sau ɗaya a mako an furen furen tare da jiko na albasa, tafarnuwa, peel orange, barkono mai zafi ko ash.

Babban matakan rigakafin a cikin narkar da kowane fure zai kasance dubawa na yau da kullun don lalacewa da kulawa da ta dace wanda ya dace da duk ka'idodi.

Don haɓaka kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa - haworthia a kan windowsill ɗinku ba ta da wuya kamar yadda take a farkon kallo. Hakanan, godiya ga yawancin nau'ikan wannan shuka, zaku iya ƙirƙirar tarin furanni waɗanda ba a sani ba.