Wasu lokuta, suna kallon kullun conifers, mutane suna tunani: me yasa mutum yake da irin wannan ɗan gajeren ƙarni a duniya? Halittu masu hankali waɗanda zasu iya tunani, ji da ƙirƙira, rayuwa a matsakaicin shekaru 70-80, da ƙananan bishiyoyi - fiye da dubu. Wataƙila wata rana mafarkin rai madawwami zai zama gaskiya, sa'annan mutane zasu iya jin daɗin mahalli har zuwa cikakkiyar rayuwa. Har zuwa wannan lokacin ya zo, yana da daraja kusanci da nau'ikan nau'ikan conifers don yin ado da gidanka na bazara tare da su.
Waɗannan furannin tsinkaye ne suke jituwa da kowane tsarin zane-zane. Tsarinsu mai tsauri da tsauraran matakai sun fito fili a fili akan faren kore a lokacin bazara. Kuma a cikin sanyi, sun wartsake gidan ƙasa tare da wadataccen ganye da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi mai daɗi. Yawancin lambu suna yin fure mai ban sha'awa a cikin makircinsu, saboda bambancinsu yana da ban sha'awa da gaske. Su dogaye ne kuma dwarf. An samo su ta hanyar dala ko mazugi. Sabili da haka, yanayin da ba a iya mantawa da shi ba daga bishiyoyin coniferous suna kasancewa a zuciyar masu godiya har abada. Bari mu bincika daki-daki cikakkun shahararrun nau'ikan.
A cikin manyan ɗaruruwan conan shekaru masu haɗari, samfurori na musamman suna da ban sha'awa musamman: fir "Old Tikko" a Sweden (fiye da shekaru 9,000), Pine "Methuselah" a Amurka (kusan 5 dubu). A cikin duka, akwai kusan bishiyoyi 20 a doron ƙasa.
Mashahurin da aka fi so - spruce
Wataƙila babu wani mutum a duniya wanda bai taɓa jin labarin wannan itaciyar ba. An rubuta wakoki da yawa da yawa game da shi, zane-zane da tatsuniyoyi an rubuta su. Dankin yana da alaƙa da hutu daban-daban, al'adu, kuma wani lokacin tare da alamu mara kyau. Saboda wannan, inji yana shan wahala daga wuce haddi, wanda ke kawo yawan bakin ciki ga masoyan yanayi.
Spruce - Itace mai ɗaukar hoto mai zurfi wanda ke cikin gidan Pine, zai iya girma zuwa tsayin mita 35. Yana da siffar rawanin dala ko na triangular, yana ƙare tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Rassan suna tare da sauran akwati, don haka kusan ba a iya gani daga gefen. Suna girma needles na duhu kore launi tare da mai haske m shafi, wanda ya fi guntu fiye da kandina.
Ana samun bishiyar kusan ko'ina cikin sararin Arewacin Hemisphere. Babban yanki ne na taiga na Rasha, inda yake girma kusa da itacen oak, Birch, Pine, Hazel da Linden. A yanayi, akwai kusan nau'ikan tsiro guda 50. Wasu daga cikin su sun samu nasarar yin tushe a farfajiyar gidajen gidajen kasar nan. Ana amfani da nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan masu zuwa.
Tushen Spruce suna kusa da ƙasa, don haka iska mai ƙarfi zata iya rushe shi. Saboda haka, bai kamata a dasa bishiyar kusa da wuraren zama ba.
Acrocon
Spruce irin wannan halin halin m conical kambi tare da rataye rassan. An dauki jinkirin girma. Shekaru 30, ke tsiro zuwa girman 4 mita. Diamita na shuka shine kimanin m 3. Ya fi son wuraren inuwa. Spruce ya yarda da yanayin sanyi. A lokacin bazara zafi yana buƙatar shayarwa.
Mai juyayi
Itace tana da kambi na kwance da kuma rassan hawaye waɗanda, kamar jirgin ƙasa, suna taɓa ƙasa. Yana girma zuwa matsakaicin mita 8. Girman diamita na shuka ya girma kimanin 2.5 m.
Maxwell na Turai
Dwarf shrub a cikin nau'i mai yawa mazugi. Yana jure yanayin hunturu hunturu da wurare masu duhu ba tare da matsaloli ba. Yana girma zuwa tsayin mita. Girman diamita na ɗan ƙaramin itace shine 2 m.
Glauca Globosa
Shahararren spruce ya fito tare da allurar shudi. Yana girma cikin tsayi har zuwa mita 2. Ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙasashe da yawa don yin ado da shimfidar wuraren birni da kewayen birni. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa itaciyar tana ba da kanta ga shearing, ana yin kwalliyar kwalliyar shuɗi, daga ciki, wanda ke faranta wa magoya bayansu duk shekara.
Fir - Itace mai ruwan Cones
Evergreen wakilin halittar "Pine". Ya bambanta da kusancin dangi ta siffofin allura:
- taushi;
- haske;
- lebur siffar.
Ana iya ganin farin yadudduka a ƙasan kowane allura, wanda yake ba wa tsirrai ɗanɗano. An kawata itacen fir da shunayya, wanda shine babban abin burgewa. Yana girma a hankali sama da shekaru 10, bayan wannan girma yana haɓaka. Yana zaune kimanin shekara 400. Masu shayarwa sun kirkiro nau'ikan kayan ado waɗanda ake amfani dasu don yin kwalliyar birane da kewayen birni.
Tun da buƙatun bishiyoyin sun warkar da kaddarorin, ba da girma a cikin gidan rani babban tunani ne. Zai taimaka wajen yaki da sanyi, radiculitis da warkarwa.
Bayani
Itacen yana da madaidaiciyar akwati da kuma kunkuntar kambi mai kama da shafi. Ya girma zuwa mita 10. Ana yin rassan rassan itace mai ƙarfi zuwa sama, wanda ke ba da itaciyar halin haɓaka.
Prostrata
Irin wannan fir ya shahara ga tsoffin rassan da aka shimfiɗa a saman ƙasa, wanda zai iya kaiwa mita 2.5 a tsawonsa.
Harshen Argentina
An bambanta nau'ikan ta allunan azurfa ta asali, tukwici waɗanda aka fentin su cikin launi mai kyau. Kowace bazara, harbe-harben halayen rawaya masu launin rawaya suna fitowa daga tafin. Irin wannan haɗin da ba a saba gani ba yana haifar da kallo mai ban sha'awa a wurin gidan ƙasa. Kuma yana kusan wata daya.
Nana
Itace mai narkewa, girma kawai zuwa 50 cm. diamita na tsararren shuka shine mita 1. Gwanin yana zagaye, dan kadan ya lalace. Ta hanyar mu'ujiza yana ɗaukar tushe a cikin ƙananan yankuna.
Itacen al'ul
Tun daga tarihi, ana ɗaukar waɗannan bishiran alama ce ta girman mutum. A cikin yanayin halitta, suna girma a tsaunin 3 km sama da matakin teku kuma suna kama da ƙattai na ainihi. Shuka har zuwa mita 50. Suna zaune sama da ƙarni biyu.
Duk da girmanta, itacen al'ul itace maɗaukakkiyar itace, tunda tana iya yin ado da kowane irin shinge na lambun. Idan ka sa shi a ƙofar ƙofar, sai a samar da yanayi na wani irin rabo. A kan manyan lawns - ta'aziyyar gida. Ana amfani da wasu nau'in dwarf don shuka tsire-tsire na bonsai. Don ƙirƙirar shimfidar wurare na asali, nau'ikan da suka bambanta sosai ana amfani dasu sosai:
- launi na allura;
- tsawon da allura;
- girman itaciya.
Zaɓin nau'in da ya dace, yana da kyau mutum ya ɗan fara sanin shuka. Ga gida girma amfani da irin wannan iri:
- "Glauca". An bambanta itacen da buhunan shuɗi. Yana da siffar conical. Yana haƙuri mai tsananin sanyi.
- "Breviramulosa". Cedar na wannan nau'in ana saninsa da tsoffin rassan buɗe ido, wanda ke haifar da tsoro.
- "Stricta". Itace ya girma a cikin siffar shafi. An kafa shi ta gajerun rassa, a ɗan ɗaukaka shi.
- "Pendula". Itace ya buge da reshen lush mai saukar da kwari, wanda ke haifar da ƙanshin kamshi mai ɗumi.
M na larch
Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa idan an kira itace larch, to wannan bai shafi jinsin coniferous ba. Tabbas wannan ba lamari bane. Itace memba ne na dangin "Pine", amma sabanin danginsa, a cikin kaka yakan rasa allurai.
Larch ya girma zuwa 50 m ba ga tsayi. A wannan yanayin, akwati ya kai 1 m a diamita. Rassan suna girma cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa, tare da gangara mai ganuwa. A sakamakon haka, ana kafa kambi a cikin hanyar mazugi. Ana iya ganin allura mai laushi, mai laushi ga taɓawa, kore mai haske a launi. A cikin yanayin halitta, akwai nau'ikan 14 daban-daban. Don ƙirar lambu, ana amfani da nau'ikan waɗannan:
- kukan larch - "Viminalis";
- cushioned - "Corley";
- tare da rassa na asali - "Repens";
- rassan da aka juya - "Cervicornis";
- bayyanar mara kunya tare da allura mai haske - "Blue Dwarf".
Wannan bambancin yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa a kan yanki na yankunan kewayen birni.
Babban Pine
Masana ilimin halittu suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ɗari ɗari na irin wannan ƙwayar shuka. Haka kuma, sifofin da suke nunawa shine adadin allura da kowane katako. Itace bishiyar Pine sau da yawa yana girma zuwa tsayin mita 50. An rufe akwati madaidaiciya tare da haushi mai launin shuɗi. Dogayen allurai suna nan a jikin rassan itace kuma suna da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Pine ya rayu kusan shekaru 600 kuma yana jure sanyi da zafi.
Dasa bishiyar bishiyar yakamata a yi shi da sauri, saboda tushen sa na iya bushewa a kwata na awa guda. Irin wannan shuka ba ya yin tushe a sabon yankin.
Don ado kayan lambu, masu shayarwa sun kirkiro ra'ayoyin ƙaramin asali:
- "Mops" - wani tsiro mai girma yana da siffar mai sihiri. Yana girma zuwa mita 1.5 a tsayi;
- "Globosa Viridis" asalin itacen pine ne na asali. Diamita da tsawo na shuka ba ya wuce 100 cm;
- "Gnom" - tsayin itacen ya kai kimanin mita 2. Tsawon allurai shine kawai 4 cm;
- "Columnaris" - an bambanta nau'ikan ta hanyar elesated da m needles. Yana girma cikin tsayi zuwa mita 2.5. Girman dabbar itacen yakai kimanin m 3.
Ba tare da wata shakka ba, irin wannan kayan ado mai rai irin na yau da kullun sun dace da ƙirƙirar lambunan dutsen wuri mai faɗi ko kuma masu baƙi. A kowane hali, Pine na iya zama alamar garin gida na bazara.
Darajarta - Thuja
Irin wannan itace da kullun itace ake amfani dashi don kawata wuraren shakatawa na birni da wuraren shakatawa na kore. Kwanan nan, ana amfani da wannan shuka sosai don yin ado da lambuna na gida. An yaba da 'yan lambu saboda iyawarsu na jure tsananin sanyi hunturu, fari da dumin zafi.
An bambanta bishiyar thuja da rassan lush wanda aka samo ganyen ganye mai launin shuɗi masu duhu. Kowace shekara, an rufe shuka da ƙananan cones, waɗanda ke kama da beads masu warwatse akan masana'anta na kore. Baya ga siffofin gargajiya, arborvitae sune:
- dwarf;
- kuka;
- creeping.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen thuja da ake kira "Occidentalis" don tsara ƙirar mutum. Itace na iya girma har zuwa 7 a tsayi kuma ƙirƙirar kambi na kimanin miliyan 2. Wani nau'in - "Сloth of Gold" - yana da inuwa na gwal. Daidai ke ɗaukar tushe cikin wurare masu Inuwa.
Matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaici - "Columna" yana burgewa tare da needles na launin kore mai launi mai duhu tare da tint mai sheki. Ba ya ɓoye ko da a cikin hunturu, don abin da masoya filin sararin samaniya suke yaba masa. "Columna"
Cikakken nau'i na itacen thuja - "Holmstrup" yana da siffar conical, duk da tsayinsa - 3 m. Yana jure yanayin lokacin sanyi, yana ba da kansa ga pruning kuma ana amfani dashi azaman shinge. Wani babban gilashi - "Smaragd" - ya girma zuwa kimanin 4. Diamita na itacen girma ya kai har zuwa 1.5. Abubuwan buƙatun suna da laushi, koren duhu a launi mai launuka mai haske. Irin wannan kyakkyawa tabbas zai yi ado da shimfidar ƙasa na connoisseurs na greenery.
Kasancewa da masaniyar manyan majallu, yana da sauƙi mutum zaɓi zaɓi da ya dace. Kuma bari yankin na kewayen birni ya juya ya zama zangon farin ciki, inda m conifers ke girma.
