Kyakkyawan furanni masu kamshin furanni na freesia, ana fentin cikin inuwa mai kyau na pastel, an shirya su a jere a kan madaidaiciyar shinge mai zurfi har zuwa 40-50 cm.Wannan inflorescences na asali an lullube su da dogayen siffa (har zuwa 20 cm) ganye kore. Furen fure na freesia mai kyautuka kyauta ce mai ban sha'awa ga kowane dalili, kuma an adana furanni a cikin kayan ado na sati 2 ko fiye.
Freesia furanni a cikin ruwan sama. John-MorganFreesia, ko Freesia (Freesia) wani tsiro ne mai tsiro mai tsiro a cikin dangin Iris na asalin Afirka ta Kudu. Don ƙanshi mai daɗin kamshin lily na kwari, ana kuma kiranta Cape Lily na kwari. Thearfin Bloom a yanayin greenhouse daga rabin na biyu na Janairu har Maris ya sa freesia daga farkon karni na ƙarshe ya zama babban yankan, ƙaunatacce a ƙasashe da yawa.
Freesias suna yaduwa, kamar su gladioli, suna maye gurbin corms, tubers, da tsaba.
Freesia. © tsaftar tsireNoma waje na freesia
Idan ana shuka ƙwayoyin freesia a cikin Maris-Afrilu a cikin tukwane na peat zuwa zurfin 4 cm, girma a kan windowsill ko a loggia, sannan kuma aka dasa shi a gonar, to, a watan Agusta-Satumba yana yiwuwa a yi sha'awar freesia.
Matsayi don freesia ya fi kyau zaɓi zaɓi da kariya daga iska, a cikin inuwa m. A kasar gona ya kamata sako-sako da kuma da-drained. Ana shuka tsutsotsi zuwa zurfin 3-6 cm lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi har zuwa zazzabi na 8-10 ° C. Freesia tana da harbe-rikice na bakin ciki, saboda haka, an ja igiya tsakanin layuka ko grid tare da ƙwayar 10 x 10 cm an ƙarfafa shi a cikin kwance, wanda, yayin da yake girma, an ɗaga shi a hankali kuma an sake saita shi. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, furanni ya wuce har zuwa Oktoba.
Bayan fure da cire ganye masu launin rawaya, corms na freesia, tare da huhun tarin fitsari, ana adana shi a zazzabi na 28-31 ° C da zafi na 65-70% (a cikin wani gari na birni, don haɓaka zafi, kusa da jakar nama a ciki wanda aka adana corms, kuna buƙatar kiyaye cuvette da ruwa). Bayan watanni 3, corms zasu iya fara yin shiri don dasa - riƙe tsawon makonni 2 a zazzabi na 10-13 ° C (misali, akan windowsill mai sanyi). A kowace karama, an kafa yara 3-4. Ba kamar gladiolus, freesia bai kamata a raba shi da corms ba bayan girbi da bushewa.
Kuna iya dasa freesia corms a cikin tukwane ko akwakun a Yuli kuma ku sanya a cikin wani lambu ko hotbed don bazara har zuwa kaka, kuma tare da farkon yanayin sanyi kawo su cikin dakin sanyi, to, za su yi fure ta Sabuwar Shekara.
Freesia fari ce. Re dremielTilasta freesia daga corms a gida
Don furanni-hunturu-hunturu (Janairu-Maris), ana shuka ƙwayar freesia daga Yuli zuwa farkon Satumba. Kafin dasawa, suna soaked na mintina 30 a cikin maganin maganin azotobacterin (0.5 g da 10 l na ruwa) ko kuma a bi da su tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa (tushe, epin).
Kyakkyawan furanni na freesia ana bayar da shi ta hanyar corms na 1 da na 2, ana yin awo aƙalla 5 g. Ya kamata a dasa shukunan na 1 shine ya kamata a dasa shi tare da ciyar da 7 x 10 cm zuwa zurfin 4-5 cm (kwalaye 140 sun dace da 1 m²), Sashe na 2 - 5 x 10 cm da 3-4 cm, bi da bi (200 inji mai kwakwalwa.). Tushen tsarin freesia yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙasa ƙasa tare da kauri na aƙalla 30 cm.The substrate ya ƙunshi daidai sassan peat acid, humus, ganye da sod ƙasa ko peat, sod ƙasa da yashi kogi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 0.5. Hakanan yana da amfani don ƙara abincin kashi da lemun tsami.
A zazzabi na 18-20 ° C, harbe-harben ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana a rana ta 7 bayan dasawa; sannan tsire-tsire suna girma a zazzabi na 12-14 ° C, suna rage shi zuwa 10-12 ° C.
Zuwa fure freesia ya fi girma, kafin dasa shuki da bayan an ajiye corms tsawon makonni a yawan zafin jiki na 8-13 ° C da ƙasa 13 ° C (alal misali, a cikin kaka a baranda). Ana samun kyakkyawan furanni tare da tsawon lokacin hasken rana na akalla awanni 12, don haka a cikin hunturu ya zama dole don samar da haske.
Lokacin furanni na shuka tsiro na freesia za'a iya sarrafa shi ta canza canjin zafi da laima. Ana iya samun tsire-tsire mai gudana daga Satumba zuwa Maris.
Freesia inflorescences an yanke lokacin da farkon fure fure. Tsawon lokacin fure shine kwanaki 15-25. Zabi nau'ikan lokutan furanni daban-daban da dasa shuki a lokuta daban-daban, zaku iya jin daɗin freesia na fure daga kaka zuwa bazara.
Freesia. © Dutsen DokiYaduwa na Freesia Seeds
Freesia yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba a yayin aikin kiwo kuma a cikin yanayin lokacin da babu isasshen kayan kayan shuka. Daga tsaba zaka iya samun corms da tsire-tsire na fure a cikin yanayin ɗakin, a kan sills na windows suna fuskantar gabas da yamma.
Wanda ya dace da shuka shine ƙwayoyin freesia waɗanda aka adana ba su wuce shekara guda ba (zai fi dacewa a girbe su). Kafin dasa shuki, ana adana tsaba na mintina 15 a cikin lokacin farin ciki mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan, an wanke shi da ruwan sanyi kuma an shimfiɗa shi a kan tawul mai taushi mai laushi. Bayan haka, ƙwayoyin freesia suna soyayy don rana ɗaya a cikin ruwan da aka dafa a cikin kwano mai tsabta a zazzabi na 18 ° C. To, suna gauraye da wanke calcined m kogin yashi da kuma shiryawa tare da na bakin ciki Layer na makonni 2 a zazzabi.
Yana da kyau a lalata ƙwayoyin da suka makale kuma a cikin maganin potassiumgangan, kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya. Ya kamata a shuka tsaba Freesia zuwa zurfin 0.6-1 cm tare da yankin ciyar da 7 × 7 cm ko 5 × 7. cm 2-2.5 g na tsaba ana shuka su akan 1 m². Ana kiyaye tsaba a zazzabi na 20-22 ° C da gumi mai kusanci na 65-75%. Abubuwan hawa da sauka a cikin gumi da zafin jiki ba a son su. A cikin gidaje tare da dumama na tsakiya, yana da wuya a kula da irin wannan yanayin zafi, kawai ya kai 40% a cikin kaka-hunturu. Sabili da haka, ƙwayar freesia ya kamata a shuka a cikin takin mai haske a cikin ƙaramin hotbeds tare da murfin filastik ko a cikin akwati a ƙarƙashin gilashi kuma a kowace rana ya bushe kuma ya daɗa shi da ruwan zãfi daga kwalban feshi. Za'a iya ajiye akwatuna a cikin duhu, ɗumi mai sanyi.
Freesia. Tony HisgettBayan fitowar, ana sanya tsire-tsire cikin haske, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. A jikin gilashin hasken rana, freesia yana buƙatar ɗaukar haske. Tare da ɗan gajeren rana a ƙarshen kaka, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske don kawo awoyi na hasken rana zuwa awa 12, da rage zafin jiki zuwa 12-14 ° C, sannan kuma zuwa 10-12 ° C.
A gida, ƙwayar freesia dole ne a tafiyar da ita zuwa loggia mai haske, mai sanyi ko baranda mai walƙiya. A ƙarshen ƙarshen, tare da raguwa a cikin hasken rana, ya kamata a rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 8-10 ° C har ma zuwa 5-6 ° C, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga samar da harbe da ingantaccen fure. Lokacin da tsiron freesia ya kai tsayi sama da 10 cm, dole ne a ɗaura su a cikin turakun katako; wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin furanni. Hakanan aiwatar da hasken wutar lantarki. Kafin fure, zafin jiki ya ƙaru zuwa 10-12, kuma a lokacin furanni zuwa 14-15 ° C. Watering ne na yau da kullum, amma matsakaici, kuma a lokacin flowering - yalwatacce.
Bayan 'yan saman suturar an za'ayi: bayan fitowar' ya'yan seedlings freesia - tare da nitonium nitrate (10 g da 5 l na ruwa); bayan makonni 2 - tare da bayani na taki kaza (1:20) tare da ƙari na 20 g na superphosphate da 10 g na potassium nitrate ta 5 l na cakuda ban ruwa (ana sake maimaita irin wannan ciyar sau 5 a kowane makonni 2-3).
A lokacin girma, ya zama dole don saka idanu kan acidity na ƙasa, pH ya kamata ya zama 6.5-7.0. A ƙaramin darajar PH, a ruwa mai zuwa, ƙara 30-50 g na lemun tsami a kowace lita 1 na ban ruwa.
A cikin yanayin dakin, ana bada shawarar shuka tsaba a cikin Maris. A tsakiyar Rasha, seedlings na iya yin fure a cikin shekara guda - kafin 8 Maris.
Freesia. Z liz yammaIri na freesia
A ƙarshen shekarun 70. na karni na karshe, an shigo da wasu nau'ikan furanni daban-daban na furanni daga Holland zuwa Rasha, an san abubuwa masu zuwa daga cikinsu:
- Apollo - furanni fari ne, launin shuɗi;
- Safire - furanni na furanni mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da farin makogwaro cikin ratsin shuɗi mai duhu;
- White swan - fararen furanni tare da ratsi masu launin shuɗi;
- Mafi Kyawun Orange - furanni masu haske ne mai haske tare da matsanancin duhu;
- Gimbiya Mariyka - furanni ruwan sanyi tare da tintin launin ruwan kasa, pharynx mai ruwan kwalliyar launin fatar launin ruwan kasa;
- Stockholm - furanni masu launin ja-bulo tare da tabo mai ruwan kwalliya akan ƙananan tsinkaye, ƙarshen iri;
- Helsinki - perianth purple tare da lilac hue da launin rawaya a ƙasan ƙananan fure na fure; pharynx rawaya a cikin shuɗi mai launin shunayya.
Daga baya, an gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan freesia tare da manyan furanni da inflorescences wanda ke kan manyan faren gada. Kuma, mafi mahimmanci, sun mayar da martani sosai yadda ya kamata don ƙarin sanyaya pre-shuka sanyaya shi kuma ya riga ya gama a cikin kaka, hunturu da bazara. Bugu da kari, sun zama mafi tsayayya ga rashin hasken wuta a watannin hunturu. Ofayan mafi kyawun nau'in freesia Yar rawa. Furanni furanninsu farare ne masu ɗauke da furucin launin shuɗi; tsire yana da ƙarfi, har zuwa 95 cm tsayi, tare da ganyayyaki marasa shinge. Har zuwa furanni 13 ana kafa su a kan kara, kuma akwai harbe na umarni na 2 da na 3 tare da furanni 7-8. Jimlar lokacin fure shine kwanaki 36.
FreesiaIrin nau'in freesia na zamani:
- Miranda - fararen furanni akan falo 49 cm tsayi;
- Tashi Marie - furanni ruwan hoda-purple da farin tabo a cikin makogwaro;
- Santa Malo - furanni masu duhu-ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da babban tabo a cikin makogwaro;
- Pimpernel - furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja tare da rawaya mai duhu a cikin makogwaro;
- Carmen - manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja;
- Sarauta Saratu - furanni shuɗi ne;
- Fantasy - furanni sunada girma, launin rawaya;
- Rinvelds Golden Yemou - Furannin furanni masu launin rawaya mai haske tare da turancin orange.
A halin yanzu, shahararrun nau'in freesia Aurora (kirim) Kula da zinari (rawaya) Oberon (tagulla) Red Lyon (Scarlet) da Sarauniya Mai Ruwa (shuɗi tare da farin makogwaro). Akwai iri iri tare da furanni biyu.
Mawallafa: T. Dyakova, Dan takarar ilimin kimiyyar halittu.
