Zamanin babban binciken ƙasa ya kawo duniya ba kawai sabon sani game da asashe da mutane da ba a san su ba, har ma sun taimaka wajen gano da kuma nazarin iyalai da yawa da nau'ikan tsirrai. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan albarkatun gona shine hippeastrum, tsirrai mai tsiro mai ɓacin rai daga yankin Kudancin Amurka.
Tun daga karni na sha shida, lokacin da aka gano samfuran farkon shuka, rigimar masana kimiyya ta ci gaba da yawo a tsakanin kwarangwal din, an gano abubuwan bincike, sannan aka canza yanayin da aka yarda. A sakamakon haka, a yau an gano fiye da dozin takwas da ke ciki kuma an samo nau'ikan 2,000 masu ban mamaki da iri don haɓakar haɓaka a cikin lambun a kan taga na cikin gida.
Kamar shekaru ɗari huɗu da suka gabata, sha'awar hippeastrum baya raguwa, amma, akasin haka, kawai yana ƙaruwa. Samun ganin kawai fure na Hippeastrum hortorum ko kuma hipastastrum na lambu, wani nau'in da ya haɗu da yawancin nau'ikan da aka horar, ba shi yiwuwa a manta da babbar haske, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, furanni hippeastrum a kan madaidaiciya madaidaiciya.
Amma a yau, sabbin nau'ikan suna shiga cikin al'adun, wasu lokuta gaba daya sabanin tsire-tsire irin na hipeastrum da aka saba da masu girkin fure tare da sauran furanni da launuka iri biyu. Diamita na zagaye ko kwan fitila, dangane da iri, shekaru da iri, na iya zama daga 5 zuwa 20 cm.
Tunda tsire-tsire ya ayyana lokutan furanni, ciyayi da dormancy, zaku iya ganin yadda fara kibiya da manyan budsan girma 2-6 suka bayyana a saman tukunyar, to furanni yana buɗewa cikin nasara kuma ya riƙe har tsawon makonni 3.
Lokacin da furanni ke cikin cikakken cikawa, kuma kusan dukkanin furanni na kwatangwalo, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, aka buɗe, haɓakar ganyen elongated mai yawa yana farawa. Lokaci mai zuwa na rashin walƙiya, lokacin da yana iya cewa ci gaba da ci gaba da kwan fitila ya tsaya, har zuwa watanni uku. A zahiri, wannan shine mafi mahimmancin lokacin lokacin da aka aza harsashin girke-girke na gaba da kuma toho na fure da farfajiya.
Hippeastrum a yau shine mafarkin yawancin lambu mai son, amma kawai tare da ƙwarewar dabaru da ilimin yadda za'a kula da hular, mutum zai iya samun fure na yau da kullun na shuka da yaduwa a gida.
Zaɓin kwararan fitilar lambun hippeastrum
Mabuɗin don fure mai yawa da saurin girma na hippeastrum shine babban kwan fitila mai lafiya, wanda dole ne a bincika shi sosai kafin saya ko dasa.
M, m kusa da juna Sikeli ba tare da burbushi na mold, sagging ko danshi a farfajiya suna nuna kyakkyawan yanayin da kuma shiri don fure. A saman Layer ya ƙunshi bushe flakes na launin ruwan kasa.
Tushen rayayye, shirye-tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire masu roba, na lafiya, ba tare da baƙar fata kuma babu alamun lalata. Idan tushen tsarin lambun hippeastrum ya bushe, lalacewar cututtuka ko kwari, dole ne:
- cire tushen da ba mai yiwuwa ba;
- yayyafa da kyauta tare da gawayi foda kuma ku bi da fungicide.
Tashin hankali na Sikeli ya nuna cewa kwan fitila bai gama murmurewa ba bayan ciyawar da ta gabata, wanda a cikin sa dole ne a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki, samar da shuka da abinci mai kyau.
Elaarfi da haske na ganyayyaki, daɗaɗɗun shinge da yalwar furanni na hipeastrum, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto, suna magana game da lafiyar shuka a cikin tukunya.
Yadda za a magance hippeastrum?
Idan tsiro ya yi fure sosai, sannan zai saki ganye, zai kasance da kwanciyar hankali a wurare masu cike da haske inda yanayin zafin rana ya bambanta tsakanin 18-25 ° C, kuma da dare bai faɗi ƙasa da 18 ° C ba. Don lokacin rashin himma, ana canja tukunyar zuwa ɗakin duhu mai sanyi. Da kyau, idan zazzabi a ciki 10-14 ° C ne, kuma iska zata bushe.
Lambun Hippeastrum yana buƙatar haske mai haske don fure mai yawa, a ranar musamman zafi mai zafi ana shuka shayarwa, amma yafi azaba fiye da tsakar rana, wannan nau'in kwan fitila yana barin zaman a cikin ƙananan haske.
- Alamar farko ta rashin jin daɗi zata kasance pallor da lethargy na foliage, shimfiɗa da peduncle.
- Kuma yayin da fure take cikin inuwa a lokacin hawan girma, hippeastrum na iya ƙi yin fure, tunda kwan fitila bazai sami damar murmurewa bayan fure kuma ya sami sabon wadatar abinci da kuzari.
Yayin da hippeastrum ya faranta wa mai furanni furanni tare da ganye da launuka mai haske, ana shayar da shi sosai, yayin da tabbatar da cewa danshi ba ya tururuwa kuma baya iya lalata asalin sa. Ana yin ruwa a cikin tire ko a hankali a ƙarƙashin kwan fitila. Kada ku ƙyale damshi ya hau ganyayyaki da farfajiya. Bayan da aka sha ruwa, an kwance ƙasa, don kauce wa samuwar ɓawon burodi mai yawa.
Yadda za a kula da hippeastrum yayin hurawa, saboda kwan fitila baya nuna alamun alamun aiki mai mahimmanci? Bayan furanni na ƙarshe ya bushe, a hankali an yanke kara kuma a cire shi gaba ɗaya lokacin da ya bushe. A lokaci guda, rage mita da tsananin ban ruwa. Baƙin ganye wata alama ce ta dakatar da wadatar da danshi da shirye-shiryen shuka suyi ritaya. A wannan gaba, kwan fitila yana tara ƙarfi, yana zama mai yawa, na roba.
Tsawon lokacin ɓoye daga 6 zuwa 12 makonni, kuma duk wannan lokacin da kwararan fitila ya kamata ya kasance cikin duhu a yanayin zafi. Ana yin ruwa lokacin da ya zama tilas, idan akwai barazanar bushewa daga asalin sa. A kwararan fitila na gonar hipastastrum, wanda ya ba 'ya'yan, kafin aika su su huta, an bar zuriyar kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire cikin tukwane daban.
A kasar gona domin gonar shayin ya zama mai gina jiki sosai, ruwa-m da sako-sako da. Itace albasa kan ji daɗin girma:
- 1 bangare na turf ƙasar;
- 2 sassan humus;
- 1 bangare mai kyau peat.
Don rage acidity na kasar gona, an ƙara cin abincin kashi a ciki, tokar itace za ta kasance miya mai kyau, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, zaku iya ƙara superphosphate na biyu ko hadaddun taki don kwararan fitila. Hakanan ana amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya ko kowane abun da ya dace tare da mahimmancin potassium da phosphorus don tallafawa shuka lokacin fure da ciyayi. Ana yin suturar miya a cikin wannan lokacin sau biyu a wata.
Siffar dasa shuki hipastastrum shine zaɓi na cakuda ƙasa ba kawai, amma har da ƙarfin kwan fitila. Idan kwan fitila tana cikin tukunya mai fadi da yawa, zata yi nauyi sosai, tana bada lia andan itace da yawa, amma maiyuwa bazai yi fure ba. Sabili da haka, diamita mafi kyawun tukunya shine kawai santimita santimita wanda ya fi girma girman kwan fitila da kanta.
Don hippeastrum na lambun, ana buƙatar zubar da yumɓu mai yumɓu mai kauri zuwa cm cm 3. Sa'an nan kuma, an zuba ƙasa mai kamannin ƙasa wanda aka sanya kwan fitila kuma, yada tushen sa, yafa masa ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, yawancin kwararan fitila ya kamata ya tashi sama da ƙasa.
Tun da hippeastrum ke ba da furanni da himma, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, ke buƙatar wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki kuma ya samar da tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan iko a kan lokaci, dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire bayan shekaru 1-2.
A cikin watanni na bazara, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin ƙasa a buɗe. A cikin lambun, hippeastrum yana haɓaka da kyau, kuma a wasu lokuta, kwararan fitila masu ƙarfi suna jefa sabon shinge. An lura da florists cewa a cikin ƙasa bude da kwararan fitila da sauri samar 'yar shuke-shuke, kuma mafi sau da yawa pollination faruwa, saboda abin da za ka iya propagate kuka fi so flower ba kawai da yara, har ma da tsaba.
Don kula da hippeastrum a cikin lambu ko akan loggia kuna buƙatar hanya ɗaya kamar a gida. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, damuwar mai furanni:
- da buƙata na kulawa da kulawa;
- kariya daga shuka daga cututtuka da kwari;
- tsari na saukowa yayin sanyaya.
Lokacin da mahaifa ke cikin lambu, yana da sauƙin bin waƙa ƙarshen ƙarshen al'adun kuma shirya kwararan fitila don lokacin hutawa. Tare da rage yawan zafin jiki na iska, ganye yakan fara bushewa, an shayar da ruwa sosai, kuma a ciyar da wata guda kafin a dakatar da "matsalar hibernation". Kafin farkon sanyi a cikin kaka, an shirya kwararan fitila don hunturu kuma an haƙa don ƙarin ajiya a wuri mai sanyi.
