Mesembryanthemum (Mesembryanthemum) wata itaciya ce mai nasara ta shekara-shekara ko kuma shekara ta biyu wacce ta kasance memba na dangin Azizova. A yanayi, ana samun shi a Afirka ta Kudu. An kira wannan tsiron mesembryanthemum a cikin 1684, daga Girkanci an fassara wannan sunan a matsayin "tsakar rana", saboda mesembryanthema da aka sani a wancan lokacin sun haɗu ta hanyar wannan fasalin kamar buɗe furanni kawai a cikin yanayin ruwan sama. Wannan shuka ana kuma kiranta "tsakar rana", ko "sunflower". Amma a cikin 1719, an gano nau'ikan da suka yi fure kawai da dare. A cewar bayanai daban-daban, wannan halittar tana hadewa daga jinsin 50 zuwa 80.
Fasali na Mesembryanthemum
Halin mesembryanthemum yana wakilta ta ba tsayi mai tsayi ko tsirrai masu tsayi ba, kuma a cikin wasu lokuta ta hanyar katako mai tsayi ba fiye da santimita 15 ba. Stala'idodin ƙananan shinge suna yawanci madaidaiciya. Fleshy sessile faranti na launin kore mai launin shuɗi yana da fusak ko siffar zagaye. A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren tushe na kara an sanya su a gaba, kuma a cikin ƙananan - gaban. A saman faranti na ganye akwai sel mai kumbura wanda ake kira idioblasts waɗanda suke yi kama da ƙananan kwalliyar kristal, saboda wannan, wannan al'ada ana kiranta kankara ko ciyawa. Furanni na irin wannan shuka suna kama da daisies. An tattara su a goge, amma na iya zama ɗaya. Furen furanni ana fentin launuka iri-iri: fari, ruwan hoda, ja, wani lokacin rawaya. Irin wannan shuka fure a duk lokacin bazara, da kuma fure a tsakiyar kaka. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne mai ganye guda biyar, daga cikinsu ƙananan tsaba ne. Suna iya zama mai yiwuwa har tsawon shekaru 1-2. Suna girma da wannan al'ada duk a cikin gida da kuma a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Kula da mesembryanthem a gida
Noma
Shuka da tsaba na mesembryanthem nan da nan a cikin ƙasa yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yankunan kudu. A cikin tsakiyar latitude, seedlings na irin wannan tsire-tsire suna girma, yayin da ake shuka shuka a farkon rabin Afrilu. Ba shi da mahimmanci a shuka tsaba a baya, saboda seedlings suna buƙatar babban adadin haske. Don tsiro seedlings, kuna buƙatar cakuda ƙasa mai sauƙin iska, wanda yakamata ya ƙunshi yashi mai laushi, peat da lambun lambun (2: 2: 1).
Dole ne a daskarar da cingin kafin dasa shuki; saboda wannan, ana sanya shi a cikin tanda ko an zubar da shi tare da maganin daskararren potassium. Sa'an nan farfajiya na kasar gona cakuda aka leveled da kuma tsabtace a cikin wani wurin dumi na kwanaki 15, lokacin da lokacin da amfani microorganisms da ake bukata da tsire-tsire ya ninka a cikin substrate. Dole ne a rarraba iri a ko'ina a kan cakuda ƙasa, wanda dole ne a jika shi, sannan an dan danƙa kadan a cikin substrate, amma ba a rufe shi da substrate. Akwatin yana buƙatar rufe gilashin ko fim, sannan kuma an tsabtace shi a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi (digiri 15-16) kafin 'ya'yan itacen su bayyana. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 7, ya kamata seedlings ya fara bayyana, lokacin da wannan ya faru, an girbe shuka a wuri mai sanyaya (daga digiri 10 zuwa 12). Tushen tumatir yana faruwa ne bayan makonni 3-4.
Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa
Haɓaka seedlingsan tsire-tsire mara ƙarƙo ne mai matuƙar jinkirin, kuma har ma ba su da juriya ga tushen rot, a wannan batun, don haɓaka seedlings na wannan al'ada, dole ne a shayar da shi yadda ya kamata. Ganyen shinkafa inda yake girma yakamata a kasance da iska mai kyau, yayin da cakuda ƙasa ya kamata ya zama ɗan laushi kadan. A sanyaya shi wajibi ne don amfani da fesa. Bayan shuka ya yi ƙarfi, kuma kowane ɗayan suna samar da faranti na ganye na gaske 2, yakamata a haɗe shi gwargwadon ɗakunan kwantena (kofuna ko filastik) waɗanda ke cike da cakuda ƙasa ɗaya, amma ya kamata a lura cewa yakamata yashi ya kasance. Ba lallai ba ne don ciyar da irin wannan shuka a cikin lokacin seedling.
Gina waje da kuma kulawa da mesembryanthemum
Wani lokaci don shuka
A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyin mesembryantemum ne kawai bayan dawowar lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi ana barin su a baya da yanayin dumin yanayi a cikin, yayin da ya kamata a sami ƙasa mai kyau, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen rabin Mayu ko farkon zamanin Yuni.
Don haɓaka irin wannan al'ada, ana bada shawara don zaɓar yankin da ke da iska wanda ke da kariya ta kariya daga abubuwan da aka zana kuma rana tana haskaka shi a kusan duk ranar. Mafi kyawun duka, irin waɗannan furanni za su yi girma a kan wani shinge da ke kudancin ɓangaren gonar. Ya kamata ƙasa ta zama da kyau-ko dutsen ko yashi. Kafin shiga, ya kamata ku tono ƙasa, yayin da ya zama dole don yin yumɓu masu yumɓu, har da yashi. Wannan inji ba da shawarar da za a dasa kusa da danshi-m amfanin gona, gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin overly m ƙasa da bushes rot.
Dokokin saukarwa
Girma mesembryanthemum a cikin lambunku mai sauqi ne. Kafin ci gaba zuwa dasa, a kan shirye da aka shirya, ya zama dole don sanya ramuka saukowa, yayin da zurfin su ya zama irin wannan cewa zasu iya dacewa da rasberi tare da clod na duniya da asalinsu. Tsakanin ramuka, ya kamata a lura da aƙalla aƙalla centimita 15-20. Free sarari a cikin rami dasa a bayan dasa seedlings dole ne a rufe da danshi-permeable sako-sako da ƙasa. Lokacin da aka shuka tsire-tsire, ƙasa tana buƙatar a shayar da ita kuma ta yi rauni kaɗan.
Yadda ake kulawa a gonar
Watering irin wannan furanni dole ne ya kasance matsakaici da kan kari. Ana yin ruwa kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe da kyau kuma za a ga cewa bushes suna fama da rashin ruwa. Idan tayi ruwa sau da yawa a lokacin bazara, to irin wannan al'adar na iya shan wahala sosai, a wannan batun, masana sun bada shawarar cewa a cikin rigar yanayi ta rufe yankin da fim, a sakamakon haka, ƙasa ba zata zama ruwa daga ruwa ba. Shirye-shiryen takin zamani 1 a cikin kwanaki 15-20. Don ciyarwa, ana amfani da maganin hadadden takin mai magani don tsire-tsire mai ruwa.
Ba kwa buƙatar datsa bushes, a akasin wannan, furannin fure na fure a kan makircin da ke juyar da fure a cikin zanen launuka masu launi. Idan kun kula da bushes daidai, to, furersu na iya wucewa har zuwa rabin lokacin kaka.
Cin nasara
Dole ne a cire busassun don hunturu daga ƙasa, yayin da duk ƙasar wuce haddi dole ne a cire shi daga tushen tsarin. An adana su don ajiya a wuri mai sanyi (daga digiri 10 zuwa 12), yayin da a cikin bazara, lokacin da aka fara girma, dole ne a yanke bushes. Ya kamata a aiwatar da tushen dasa bishiyoyi tare da sharar talakawa kuma a karkashin hasken haske, kuma idan sanyi ya wuce, ya kamata a dasa su a cikin kasa mai budewa.
Cututtuka da kwari na mesembryanthemum
Cutar
Lokacin da girma a cikin ƙasa bude, wannan al'ada tana da cikakken juriya ga duka cututtuka da kwari cutarwa. Mafi sau da yawa, yana fama saboda yanayin yanayin mummunan yanayi, ko kuma, ƙarancin zafi ko saboda yawan ruwa. Idan an lura da tururuwar danshi a cikin ƙasa, to, bushes ɗin zai iya shafar tushen ruɓa, alhali kusan ba zai yiwu ba a magance tsire-tsire masu cututtukan. Kuna iya datsa wuraren da abin ya shafa na tushen tsarin kuma fesa da bushes tare da maganin kashe-kashe, amma da alama wannan ba zai taimaka masu ba.
Idan aka dasa bushes a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa, to, ba za su iya fure ba kwata-kwata, saboda suna buƙatar yawancin hasken rana, yayin da haskoki kai tsaye ba sa cutar da su kwata-kwata. Idan mesembryanthemum bashi da haske, zai zama ya dawwama kuma zai ɗauki yanayin mai raɗaɗi. Hakanan, bushes zai zama mara kyau idan basu da sinadaran da ke cikin ƙasa.
Cututtuka masu cutarwa
Mwararrun gizo-gizo za su iya rayuwa a cikin bushes, waɗanda suka fi son su zauna ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya kamar na mesembriantemum, amma waɗannan karin kwari suna iya wahala saboda tsananin zafi. Don kawar da tatsuniya, kuna buƙatar amfani da acaricides, misali, Aktara, Fitoverm, Aktellik ko Akarin.
Iri da nau'ikan mesembryanthemum tare da hotuna da sunaye
Lambu a yau suna noma ba adadi mai yawa iri da nau'in mesembryanthemum, za a ba da bayanin su a ƙasa.
Kurtuyu kristal (gararamas)
Ko mesembryanthem crystallinum, ko ciyawar kristal. Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga hamada ta Afirka ta kudu. Irin wannan tsararren yaduwa ya kai kimanin santimita 15. Yana da harbe-harbe masu yawan gaske waɗanda ke yin ado da ƙananan faranti masu launi iri-iri masu launin farar fata da launi mai launin shuɗi, yayin da gefuna suke da wuta. Furanni suna kama da kayan kwalliya ko kayan zaki. An bayyana wannan ra'ayoyin dalla dalla a farkon wannan labarin. Darajoji masu zuwa sun shahara:
- Sparks. Leaf ruwan wukake suna da farin rawaya. Furanni suna da launi daban-daban, kuma a diamita sun kai kusan mm 45.
- Harlequin. Petals suna da launi biyu, ruwan hoda da ruwan lemo.
- Limpopo. Wannan nau'ikan haɗuwa ya haɗa da nau'ikan launuka daban-daban.
Grassy Mesembryanthemum (Mesembryanthemum gramineus), ko tricolor
Irin wannan takalmin da ake fitarwa shekara-shekara ya kai girman santimita 12. Otsan buɗe ido suna da alamar launin shuɗi. Fleshy mai layin faranti ya kai tsawon mm 50, tare da aski a saman su. Launin furanni launin ruwan hoda ne, kusa da tsakiya ana zane su a cikin inuwar launi mafi duhu, a diamita sun kai 36 mm.
Mesembryanthemum daisy-kamar (Mesembryanthemum bellidiformis), ko gashi na mesembryanthemum
Plantyamar da aka dasa a shekara ta kai tsawon santimita 10. Tsawon farantiyen faranti kusan 75 mm ne, suna da sifar obovate, kuma a saman su akwai papillas. Furanni a diamita sun kai mm 30-40, ana fentin su a ruwan hoda, ruwan lemo, shuɗi mai haske, ja, apricot, rawaya ko shunayya. Bayyanar su na faruwa ne kawai a kan kyakkyawan rana.
Girma kamar yadda girgije (Melembryanthemum nubigenum)
Wannan ciyawar ana noma ta ne kamar ta ƙasa, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi na dabi'a shine shukar shuki. Tsawon daji ya bambanta daga 60 zuwa 100 mm. Ananan faranti suna da sihiri ko sihiri. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka, ana fentin bushes a launi na tagulla. Kamannin yana da tsaftataccen sanyi kuma yana da ɗan gajeren fure. Itatattun dabbobi zasu iya canza launin shuɗi-zinariya, ruwan lemo, ja ko shunayya. Diamita na furanni kusan 35 mm.
Sanadinna (Obannishiramus)
Namijin yana da launi wanda ba a saba gani ba, wanda ke bayyana babban shahararsa a tsakanin lambu. A petals ne m rawaya, tare da kan sarki, pestle da kuma tsakiyar kai mai haske ja. Tsawon daji kusan santimita 10 ne. Tsawon faranti na faranti-lanceolate shine 10-45 mm.
