Itataccen ciyayi, bishiyar dusar ƙanƙara (Symphoricarpos), ko dai ciyawar wolf ko dusar ƙanƙara shine memba na gidan honeysuckle. Wannan tsiro ya kasance yana yin akalla shekaru 200, yayin da ake amfani da shi wajen yin kwalliya da wuraren shakatawa. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan 15, a cikin daji, girma a Arewa da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Koyaya, nau'in halitta daya da aka samo a cikin yanayin Sin shine Symphoricarpos sinensis. Sunan Snowman ya ƙunshi kalmomin Helenanci guda 2 ma'ana "a saka tare" da "'ya'yan itace." Don haka ana kiran wannan ciyawa saboda 'ya'yan itaciyar suna guga juna sosai. Beranyen dusar ƙanƙara na dusar ƙanƙara yana da fasali ɗaya - 'ya'yan itaciya, ba sa faɗuwa yayin kusan tsawon lokacin hunturu, kuma' ya'yan waɗannan berriesan itacen suna farin cikin cin dabbar kwalliya, ƙyallen hazel, daɗaɗa abubuwa da pheasants.
Siffofin Snowman
Tsawon dusar kankara na iya bambanta daga 0.2 zuwa mita 3. Gaba daya matattarar ganye faranti suna da nau'i mai zagaye da gajerun fitsari, sun isa tsawon mm 10 - 15, a gindin akwai ruwan wukake 1 ko 2. Rassan a cikin hunturu ba su karya ƙarƙashin nauyin dusar ƙanƙara ba, saboda suna da sassauƙa. Orarshe ko axillary inflorescences na tseren tsere sun ƙunshi guda 5-15 na furanni na yau da kullun launin ja, fararen-kore ko ruwan hoda. Wannan ciyawar fure a cikin Yuli ko Agusta. 'Ya'yan itacen itace daskararre mai tsayi na sihiri ko sihiri, wanda girmansa ya kai mm 10-20. 'Ya'yan itacen za a iya fentin su a cikin violet-baki, ja, amma sau da yawa cikin fararen, ciki na ossicle ne oval, matsa a gefe. Jikin waɗannan berries yayi kama da daskararren babban daskararre. Ba za a ci waɗannan berries ba. Wannan ciyawar itace kyakkyawar shuka ta zuma.
Furancin lambu (mafitsara) sun shahara sosai tsakanin masu lambu, saboda yana da tsayayyen gas da hayaki. Wani shinge daga irin wannan shukar yana kama da ban sha'awa. Wannan shuka tare da ruwan hoda berries fi son yin girma a yankuna tare da m winters da baƙar fata, yayin da yake cikin yanayi mai sanyi yana tasowa da muni.
Saukowa daga dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ƙasa
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Snowman sananne ne saboda rashin fassararsa. Don namo shi, wurin da aka lulluɓe shi da wuri mai bushe ko ƙasa mai laushi ya dace. Idan ka dasa shukar wannan tsiro a cikin wani maharbi, zai sami damar dakatar da fadadawa da lalacewa, godiya ga tsarin sa. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin kaka ko kuma bazara, kuma dole ne a tuna cewa ƙasa a kan shafin ya kamata a shirya a gaba.
Siffofin ƙasa
A cikin taron cewa kuna son ƙirƙirar shinge, to, tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da shekaru 2-4 sun dace da wannan. Dole ne a ja igiya tare da layin shinge da aka shirya kuma ya riga ya wajaba don tono rami tare da shi - 0.6 m zurfi da fadi 0.4 m 4 ko 5 ya kamata a dasa shuki a kowace mita 1 na maɓuɓɓugar. Hakanan zaka iya dasa solo na daji ko ƙirƙirar dasa rukuni, yayin da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya kasance daga 1.2 zuwa 1.5 m. Tare da wannan dasa, girman ramin dasa shine 0.65x0.65 m.
Ya kamata a sa ramin saukowa ko kuma tare mahara. Idan saukar da ƙasa ta gudana ne a cikin kaka, to, zai zama tilas a shirya wurin saukowa 4 makonni kafin ranar sauka. Don dasa shuki a cikin bazara, an shirya wurin a cikin kaka. Idan ƙasa a kan shafin yumɓu ce ko loamy, to ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman don shirye-shiryen rukunin wurin, gaskiyar ita ce kafin ranar disembarkation, ƙasa a cikin ramin dole ta zauna. Ya kamata a shimfiɗa daskararren dutse a ƙarshen ramin, kuma cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi peat, yashi yashi da takin (humus) akan sa, yayin da takin mai magani dole ne a ƙara dashi, alal misali, ana ɗaukar kilogram 0.6 na itace a kowane daji, 0 , Kilogiram na 2 na dolomite gari da kuma adadin superphosphate. Shuka seedling saboda bayan ma'amala na ƙasa da asararta bayan tsananin ruwa, tushen wuyan shuka yana a matakin ƙasa. Koyaya, kafin a ci gaba zuwa dasa kai tsaye, seedling ɗin yakamata a shirya, domin wannan, tushen tsarin sa yana narkar da masarar yumɓin minti 30. Dole ne a samar da shuka mai shuka tare da shayarwa yau da kullun a cikin kwanakin farko 4 ko 5.
Kula da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin lambun
Snowman sananne ne saboda rashin daidaituwarsa kuma baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga lambu. Koyaya, idan kun lura da shi aƙalla kaɗan, zai sami kyakkyawa mai kyan gani. Bayan an dasa seedling, dole ne a rufe da'irar gangar jikinta da santimita mai santimita-5 na ciyawa (peat). Wajibi ne don kwance ƙasa, tsabtace sako a cikin lokaci, abinci, amfanin gona, ruwa. Hakanan kar ku manta da kula da kariya ga dusar ƙanƙara daga kwari. Ruwa ciyawar ya kamata ya kasance ne kawai a lokacin fari fari. Ana gudanar da ruwa a maraice, yayin da aka zubar da lita 15 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji 1. A cikin taron cewa ana ruwa a kai a kai a lokacin bazara, to wannan tsiron bazai buƙatar yin shayarwa ba. Zai fi kyau sassauta kasar gona ko sako bayan shawo ko ruwan sama. A cikin kaka, kasar gona kusa da daji ya kamata a dug sama.
A cikin bazara, ya kamata ku ciyar da dusar ƙanƙan dusar ƙanƙan, yana ƙara kilo 5 zuwa 6 na humus (takin), da kilo 0.1 na potassium gishiri da superphosphate zuwa ga kewayen akwati. Idan wannan yana da mahimmanci, to, an shirya riguna na biyu a cikin tsakiyar kakar; don wannan, maganin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi 1 guga na ruwa da kuma 50 grams na Agricola ana amfani dashi.
Juyawa
Idan akwai buƙatar dasa shuki na dusar ƙanƙara, to ya kamata ku hanzarta. Bayan dajin yana da tsarin tushen karfi, zai zama da matukar wahala a aiwatar da wannan aikin. Irin wannan daji maimakon sauri da kuma sauƙin saba da sabon wuri. An aiwatar da dasawa a daidai wannan hanya a matsayin saukowa na farko kuma a lokaci guda. Domin wannan hanyar ta ƙare cikin nasara, kuna buƙatar ta tono bishiyar ta yadda tushen sa ya ji rauni kaɗan. Radius na tushen tsarin a cikin daskararren snowman yana kan matsakaici daga 0.7 zuwa mita 1. Sabili da haka, ya kamata ku tono daji, barin shi aƙalla 0.7 m.
Turawa
Pruning ba ya cutar da dusar ƙanƙan da. Zai fi kyau a aiwatar da wannan hanyar a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin lokacin yaduwar asirin ya fara aiki. Dukkanin da suka ji rauni, bushe, lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi, cuta ko kwaro, thickening kuma tsofaffin rassan ya kamata a cire. Dole ne a yanke rassan da ya ragu zuwa kashi ½ ko ¼. Kada ku ji tsoro don datsa, kamar yadda kwancen furannin fure ke faruwa akan harbe na wannan shekara. Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa bayan aski, an dawo da dusar kankara sosai da sauri. Idan yanke akan rassan ya wuce 0.7 cm, to, kar a manta da bi da su da lambun var. Itaccan da ya wuce shekara 8 yana buƙatar sake girbi, kamar yadda 'yan' uwanta da fure suka fi ƙanana, kuma mai tushe ya gajarta da rauni. Ana aiwatar da irin wannan kayan itace "a kan kututture" a tsayi daga 0.5 zuwa 0.6 a cikin lokacin bazara, sabbin abubuwa masu ƙarfi za su yi girma daga fure mai bacci da ke a ragowar mai tushe.
Cutar da kwari
Irin wannan shuka yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka da kwari. Kuma wannan shine mafi kusantar saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan tsire-tsire ne mai guba. Da wuya, wannan bishiya na iya tayar da hankali ta mildew powdery, kuma rot shima wani lokaci yakan bayyana akan berries. Don dalilai masu hanawa, a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin a fara kumbura, ya zama dole don bi da bushes tare da mafita na Bordeaux ruwa (3%). Don warkar da wata itaciyar da ta kamu da cuta, yakamata a kula da ita ta hanyar kashe-kashe, misali: Fundazole, Skor, Topsin, Titovit Jet, Topaz, Quadris, da sauransu.
Farfado da dusar kankara
Irin wannan shukar za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar samar da iri (iri) da ciyayi: farawa, yanka, rarraba daji da harbin tushe.
Yadda ake girma daga zuriya
Girma ɗan dusar ƙanƙanno daga ƙwaya shine babban aiki da tsayi. Amma zaku iya gwada shi idan kuna so. Da farko kuna buƙatar rarrabe tsaba daga ɓangaren litattafan almara na berries, to, an haɗa su cikin kayan kwalluna na nylon kuma an matse su da kyau. Bayan wannan, dole ne a yayyafa tsaba a cikin babban akwati da ke cike da ruwa. Cakuda ya hade sosai. Don haka kuna buƙatar jira har sai tsaba su zauna a ƙasan, yayin da guda na ɓangaren litattafan almara ya kamata taso kan ruwa. Cire tsaba kuma a jira su su bushe sosai.
Ana shuka tsaba a gaban hunturu. Wannan bai kamata a yi shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba, kamar yadda ƙananan tsaba a cikin bazara na iya sauko tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Don shuka, ya kamata ku yi amfani da kwalaye waɗanda ke buƙatar cike da kayan abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi peat, yashi kogin humus, wanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1. Tsaba yana buƙatar rarraba a kan abin da ya canza, sannan kuma yayyafa shi da yashi na bakin ciki. Dole a rufe akwati da gilashi. Domin kada ku wanke tsaba, ya kamata a yi abin sha ta cikin kwanon rufi ko tare da bindiga mai feshi mai kyau. Ana iya ganin 'ya'yan' ya'yan itace a cikin bazara. Miƙe seedlings kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa zai yiwu a ƙarshen kakar.
Yadda ake yada tushen harbe
Da yawa daga zuriyar zuriyar girma kusa da daji, suka ƙirƙiri manyan kuma fairly m clumps. Sabili da haka, wannan shuka yana da damar yin girma sosai da motsawa daga wurin zama. Tono labulen da kuke so kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin dindindin. Af, wannan zai taimaka hana daji thickening.
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
Rarraba daji za a iya yi a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin ya fara kwararowar ruwan, ko a lokacin kaka, lokacin da faduwar ganye ta ƙare. Don yin wannan, zaɓi ɗan itacen da ya haɗu, tono shi kuma raba shi zuwa sassa da yawa. Sannan an dasa masu rarrabuwa a cikin sababbin wurare na dindindin, bin ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya waɗanda ake amfani da su wurin fara sauka. Ya kamata a lura cewa kowane delenka ya kamata ya sami tushen ci gaba mai ƙarfi da ƙananan rassan lafiya. A cikin delenok, yana da wajaba don aiwatar da wuraren yankan akan tushen tsarin tare da gawayi mai ƙura.
Yadda ake yaduwar Layering
A farkon lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar reshe na matasa wanda ke girma kusa da ƙasa. An sanya shi a cikin tsagi da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa kuma an gyara shi a cikin wannan matsayi, sannan kuma an rufe shi da wani yanki na ƙasa, yayin da ƙarshen maƙallan bai kamata a rufe shi ba. A lokacin rani, dole ne a kula da keɓaɓɓen, har ma da dajin da kanta, watau: shayarwa, ciyar da shimfida farfajiyar ƙasa. Ta hanyar kaka, da keɓaɓɓe dole ne ya ba da tushen, an yanke shi daga iyayen daji ta hanyar secateurs kuma dasa a cikin dindindin.
Yankan
Don yada irin wannan shuka, ana bada shawarar amfani da lignified ko kore kore. Girbi lignified cuttings ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen kaka ko a farkon - bazara. Tsawonsu na iya bambanta daga santimita 10 zuwa 20, tare da kodan 3-5 a kowane riƙe. An adana su a cikin yashi a cikin ginin har sai lokacin bazara. Sashin na sama an yi shi sama da ƙodan, ƙasan kuma mai ɓarna ce.
Girma na kore kore ne da za'ayi a sanyin safiya a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma ya kamata a yi wannan nan da nan, kamar yadda ciyawar ke faduwa. Manyan, balagagge da ingantattun harbe sun dace da yankan. Don fahimtar ko yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da takamaiman ɗauka azaman abin rikewa, ana yin gwaji mai sauƙi, don wannan an kawai ya lanƙwasa. A cikin abin da ya faru yayin da aka ji harbin ya fashe da rawar jiki, wannan yana nuna balagarsa. Ya kamata a sa ciyawar da aka girbe a ruwa da wuri-wuri.
Don tushen, duka lignified da kore cuttings ana shuka su ne a cikin kwantena cike da ƙasa cakuda (abun da ke ciki daidai yake da lokacin shuka tsaba). Ba za a iya binne su ba fiye da 0,5 cm ba .. Sa’annan an tsabtace akwati a cikin takin ko greenhouse, tun daga tushen girki yana buƙatar zafi mai iska kuma a lokaci guda matsakaicin danshi na ƙasa. Da farko lokacin kaka, kyakkyawan tsari mai kyau ya kamata ya bunkasa a cikin cuttings, za'a iya dasa su a cikin wurin dindindin, kar a manta da rufe rassan hunturu ko bushewa.
Snowman bayan fure
Lokacin da girma cikin tsakiyar latitude, dusar ƙanƙan da dusar ƙanƙara baya buƙatar tsari. Ko da irin nau'ikansa tare da ƙarfin kayan ado na sama sun sami damar jure sanyi don debe 34 digiri. Kodayake, idan hunturu yana da sanyi sosai, to, inji na iya wahala, amma a lokacin girma ya kamata ya murmure. Idan daji yana saurayi, to, don hunturu ya kamata ya zama tare da ƙasa.
Iri da nau'ikan dusar ƙanƙara da hotuna da sunaye
Snow White (dansandan albus)
Ana daukar wannan nau'in mafi mashahuri, kuma yana da sunaye da yawa, sune: farin snow-berry, ko dai cystic ko carpal. A dabi'a, ana samun ta a Arewacin Amurka daga Pennsylvania zuwa gabar yamma, yayin da ta fi son girma a kan kogin rafi, buɗe kantuna, da kuma cikin gandun daji. Canan daji na iya samun tsayin kusan milimita 150. Irin wannan katako mai bushewa yana da kambi mai zagaye da mai tushe na bakin ciki. Farantin ganye yana da nau'i mai zagaye ko tsallake, yana da sauki, baki ɗaya ko ƙyalli. Tsawon ganyayyaki yakai kusan santimita 6, saman gaban su kore ne, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba yana da haske. Lush inflorescences a cikin hanyar buroshi ana sanya tare da dukan tsawon kara, sun kunshi kananan haske ruwan hoda furanni. Daji fure fure mai girma da tsawo. Sabili da haka, a lokaci guda, zaku iya sha'awan kyawawan furanni da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu fararen furanni, waɗanda sune bishiyar m da ke da siffar santimita santimita. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su fadi daga daji na dogon lokaci.
Wannan inji sosai unpretentious kuma yana da babban sanyi juriya. An noma ta tun daga 1879. Sau da yawa, ana ƙirƙirar shinge da kan iyakoki daga irin wannan dusar kankara, kuma ana amfani dashi don shuka rukuni. Ba za a iya cinye wannan tsiro na wannan shuka ba, suna ƙunshe da abubuwa waɗanda, shiga cikin jikin mutum, yana haifar da rauni, danshi da amai. Wannan nau'in yana da ire-ire wanda ya shahara tsakanin yan lambu - wani farin fari-mai haske mai haske-bishi (Symphoricarpos albus var. Laevigatus).
Na kowa Snowdrop (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus)
Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta Berry Berry, ko dai zagaye ko murjani na fure. Kuma inda wannan nau'in ya fito, ana kiran shi "Indian currant." A dabi'a, wannan ciyawa tayi girma a Arewacin Amurka a kan kogin kogi da ciyayi. Irin wannan dusar ƙanƙan-snow na da babban daji tare da mai tushe na bakin ciki da ƙananan ganye kore mai duhu, wanda akan sa farin ciki yake a saman bene. Short lush inflorescences kunshi ruwan furanni ruwan hoda. Irin wannan daji na haskakawa sosai a lokacin kaka, a wannan lokacin ne hemispherical ja-m ko murjani berries fara ripen a kan mai tushe, wanda ya rufe da launin ruwan hoda Bloom, yayin da ganye faranti juya purple.
Dusar ƙanƙara ta al'ada ba ta da juriya mai sanyi idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da suka gabata. Amma a lokaci guda, ya winters daidai al'ada lokacin da girma a tsakiyar hanya. Wannan tsiron ya sami karbuwa sosai a Yammacin Turai, nau'in Tuffs Silver Age, wanda ke da iyaka a kan farantin ganye, haka kuma Variegatus, ana buƙatarsa anan - rashin daidaitaccen launin rawaya mai rawaya ya wuce gefen ganyen.
Yamma Yamma
Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga yankuna na yamma, gabas, da tsakiyar Arewacin Amurka. Tana haifar da ɓarnar ruwa a gefen rafuffukan ruwa, koguna da gangaragin dutse. Dajin yana da tsayin kusan milimita 150.A gaban farfajiya na ganye ne kodadde kore, yayin da a gefen da ba daidai ba akwai ji pubescence. An gajeren kuma daskararren inflorescences, mai kama da goge-goge, ya ƙunshi haske mai ruwan hoda ko fararen furannin ƙararrawa. Dajin fure daga farkon zamanin Yuli har zuwa kwanaki na arshe - Agusta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu laushi suna bayyana kusan siffar mai siffar maraƙi, wacce aka fentin su cikin farar fata ko ruwan hoda mai haske.
Dankin Kannadamann (Sychoricarpos oreophilus)
Asalinsu daga Yammacin Yankin Arewacin Amurka ne. A tsayi, daji zai iya kaiwa santimita 150. Siffar fararen hular kwanon fure ne zagaye ko m. Furen furanni masu launin guda ko aka haɗa su da fenti a ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda. A cikin farin fari na fure ne 2 tsaba. Tana da juriya na sanyi.
Cheno Yanajin (Symphoricarpos x chenaultii)
An samar da wannan matasan ta hanyar ƙetara wani ɗan ƙaramin dusar ƙanƙara da kuma ɗan dusar ƙanƙara na kowa. Ba mai tsayi sosai daji yana da ɗimbin yawa. Tsawon faranti mai kaifi yakai kimanin mm 25. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ruwan hoda masu launin fari. Tana da juriya mai tsananin sanyi.
Henaulth Snowbird (Symphoricarpos x chenaultii)
Wannan tsiro mai tsayi yana da tsayin mita daya da rabi, ƙwararren kambi shima 1.5 m .. Gaban gaban faranti mai launin shuɗi mai launin duhu mai duhu, yayin da ɓangaren da ba daidai ba yana da kyau. Ganyayyaki yana girma sosai da wuri, yayin da yake riƙe da rassan na dogon lokaci. Inflorescences suna hade da furanni ruwan hoda. Berries suna da nau'i mai zagaye, suna iya samun launi daga lilac zuwa fari, tsayawa kan daji tsawon lokaci. Mafi yawan nau'ikan nasara shine Hancock.
Dolenbose (Santabanta doorenbosii)
Wannan rukuni ne na nau'ikan matasan da createdan asalin makiyaya ya kirkiro ta Doorenbos. Ya same su ta hanyar wucewa da wani dusar kankara mai zagaye. Iri-iri sun bambanta a tsakanin su da yawawar itingya andyan itace da daidaituwa:
- Maser lu'u-lu'u. Tsarin elliptical na farantin ganye yana da launin koren duhu mai duhu. The berries fararen tare da kadan zama ja.
- Berry mai sihiri. Shrubs suna ba da 'ya'ya sosai. M berries m manne wa ta rassan.
- Farin Hage. A kan madaidaitan mai yawa shrub wasu ƙananan farin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
- Amethyst. Tana da juriya mai tsananin sanyi. Tsawon tsirrai yakai kimanin m 1.5 Launin furannin ganye launin shuɗi ne mai duhu, furanni marasa rubutu sune ruwan hoda mai haske. Pink da fari berries suna zagaye.
Bayan nau'in halittun da aka bayyana anan, ana noma su: dusar ƙanƙara mai zagaye-zagaye, ƙananan-leaved, Sinanci, taushi da kuma Mexico.
