Shuka kamar hypocyte kai tsaye ta shafi dangin Gesneriaceae. Siffar ta musamman ita ce furanni, wacce tayi kama da lebe, ta ninka sumbata, yayin da za a iya fentin furannin a lemo ko ruwan hoda. Hypocirrhythmia yana girma a matsayin shuka na ampel kuma kawai a cikin tukunyar filawa akan windowsill. Kowace shekara, irin wannan shuka yana ƙara zama sananne tare da masu girbin furanni.
Halin halittar munafiki (Hypocyrta) ya haɗu fiye da nau'ikan 30 na kyawawan tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin gaske. Takaddun ganye daga obovate zuwa elliptical a cikin siffar suna da ƙare a ƙarshen. Fuskokinsu zasu iya zama duka biyu kuma suna da laushi. Kuskuren da ba daidai ba shine sau da yawa launin shuɗi mai launi. A lokacin rani, furanni tubular suna fitowa a cikin sinus na ganye, ɓangaren ƙananan abin da ke kumbura. Speciesa'yan Semi-kai tsaye a tsayinsa ya kai santimita 40-60, da kuma creeping - 10-15 santimita. Fulatan furanni suna godiya da wannan tsiro na tsiro mai ban sha'awa da furanni.
A halin yanzu, bisa ga ka'idar kasa da kasa ta Botanical nomenclature, asirin munafuki ba ya wanzu. Yawancin nau'in halittu sun kasance yanzu an haɗa su a cikin halittar Nematanthus (Nematanthus). Wannan sunan ya fito daga kalmomin helenanci νημα "bebe" - zaren, gashi da άνθος "antos" - fure. Wannan saboda saboda yawancin nau'ikan wannan dabi'ar, furanni suna rataye a kan shinge na bakin ciki.
Wasu daga cikin nau'in halittar dan adam wanda ke cikin halin halittar dangin Gesneriaceae na yanzu: neomortonia, Besleria, Drimony, codonant, columnae, Coritoplektus, da Paradrimony.
Kulawar hypocyte a gida
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin rani, ana buƙatar zazzabi matsakaici (20-25 digiri). A cikin hunturu, munafukin tsiraici yana buƙatar zazzabi na 12 zuwa 14, munafunci na monetary - daga 14 zuwa digiri 16. A cikin wannan hunturu, ɗakin kada ya zama mai sanyi fiye da digiri 12.
Haske
Dankin yana buƙatar haske mai haske, amma dole ne a shimfiɗa hasken. Ana buƙatar shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A cikin hunturu, hasken ma ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau.
Yadda ake ruwa
A lokacin rani, watering ya kamata yalwatacce. Tare da farko na kaka, ya kamata a rage. Tare da hunturu mai sanyi, ruwa yana da wuya, amma dunƙule yakamata kada ya bushe gaba ɗaya.
Manyan miya
An shuka ciyawar sau ɗaya a mako daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da maganin ma'adinan ma'adinai don tsirrai na cikin gida na fure.
Haushi
A lokacin rani, fure tana buƙatar zafi mai laushi. An bada shawara don haɓaka shi ta hanyar yawan shigar da ganyayyaki daga mai toɗi.
Siffofin Juyawa
Ana aiwatar da juyawa sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin bazara. Don yin wannan, ɗaukar babban tukunya. Itableasan da ta dace ya kamata ya zama sako-sako da haske. Cakuda ƙasa ta ƙunshi peat da ganyen ƙasa, har da yashi kogin, wanda aka ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 3: 0.5. An bada shawara a zuba tushen fern ko yankakken haushi a cikin cakuda, har da gawayi. Don dasa shuki, zaku iya siyan ƙasa da aka shirya don senpolia.
Siffofin Girma
Hypocytosis ba shi da matukar bukatar kulawa. A lokacin rani, ana iya tura shi zuwa sabon iska, zabar wurin da ya kamata inuwa. A cikin hunturu, dole ne a tura fure zuwa wurin da ake da fitila mai sanyi (kimanin digiri 12). A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don shayar da shuka a hankali kuma a hankali. Yawancin lokacin bazara ya dogara da yadda aka samar da lokacin girki ga shuka. Kwantar da kullun na mai tushe zai taimaka wajen ta da yawan furanni, yayin da shuka za ta yi karfi.
Tare da rashin haske, mai tushe ya shimfiɗa kuma ya zama na bakin ciki, fure a lokaci guda ya zama mafi wuya. Stagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa na iya haifar da ci gaban tushen rot, kazalika da fadowa ganye. A wannan batun, samun biyan bukata ya fi abin sha ruwa yawa. A cikin kwanakin zafi mai zafi, a kowane hali, shayar da shuka dole ne ya kasance mai yawa. A cikin lokaci daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, lokacin da ake samun haɓaka mai zurfi, kuna buƙatar ciyar da fure sau ɗaya mako 1.5 tare da cikakken takin don furanni na cikin gida. A cikin bazara, hypocyte yana buƙatar dasawa cikin fitilar haske, wanda aka wadata shi da abubuwan gina jiki da kuma isar da ruwa sosai.
Siffofin dasawa da haifuwa
Don dasawa da irin wannan shuka, ya kamata ka zaɓi sakin layi mai sassauƙa da adalci. Haɗin ƙasa mai dacewa ya ƙunshi ganye da ƙasa humus, da yashi da peat, waɗanda aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado. Kuna iya amfani da kayan haɗin ƙasa da aka shirya don senpolia, wanda aka sayar a cikin shagon. Lokacin dasawa a kasan tanki, kar a manta da yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa, wanda ba zai bada izinin kwarara cikin ruwa ba. Zaba tukunya ya zama ƙarami, saboda tushen irin wannan tsiron yayi ƙanana. Tun da yake wannan tsiro ne mai saurin girma, ana bada shawara ga tura shi sau 1 cikin shekaru 2 ko 3 kuma koyaushe cikin bazara.
A shuka za a iya samun sauƙin da sauri yada ta cuttings. Ta haka ne yaduwa a cikin bazara da bazara. Ba mai girma sosai mai tushe ana yanka a cikin cut ba, wanda dole ne ya sami nodes 4 ko 5. Suna sauri cikin tushe a gilashin ruwa ko a cakuda yashi da peat. Ya kamata a yanke ƙananan ƙananan ganye, kuma ya kamata a binne ciyawar a cikin substrate zuwa farkon takardar. Bayan wannan, dole ne a rufe kwalin da wani fim ko gilashi har sai sanduna ya kafe sosai.
Lokacin girma girma na shuka ampel, ya kamata a dasa bushes mai yawa (guda 3) a cikin tukunya. Kuma don tsari na daji, ya kamata a dasa 1 seedling a cikin tukunya kuma ya sanya ta fi a kai a kai.
Cutar da kwari
Zane-zane da canjin yanayi mai kaifi suna da mummunan tasiri kan wannan tsiron. Idan a cikin hunturu yana da dumi, to, aphids sau da yawa zaunar da shi. A cikin taron cewa ba ku iya samun wuri mai sanyi don tsire-tsire na hunturu ba, zaku iya tura shi zuwa ɗan lokaci "gidan masauki". Wurin da aka zaɓa dole ne ya zama mai haske kuma ba tare da abubuwan zane ba. Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici mai matsakaici.
Mafi sau da yawa, cututtukan suna da alaƙa da keta dokokin dokokin kulawa:
- Shuka ta faɗo buds da ganye - yawan ambaliyar ruwa ko ƙarancin iska.
- Ganyayyaki ya zama launin fata da launin rawaya. - lowarancin iska mai ƙarancin iska, yalwar takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa ko shuka ya fallasa zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye na dogon lokaci.
- Ganyayyaki masu narkewa ya koma launin rawaya - tsananin zafin. Shade shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
- Bayyanar launin toka a saman ganye - ana amfani da ruwan sanyi sosai don ban ruwa. Saboda haka, inji zai iya amsa wa wanda bai bi ka'ida ko doka ba, misali, substrate ya yi yawa rigar, ko akasin haka - bushe sosai.
- A kan ganye da furanni akwai rufin launin toka mai kauri - inji yana kamuwa da inji m powdery (m rot). Zai iya haifar da rashin kulawa. Tsaya wetting da shuka daga mai sprayer, cire ganye da furanni da abin ya shafa. Bi da su tare da fungicide ta musamman.
- Furewar fure ko shuka baya fure kwata-kwata - akwai karancin haske, karancin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kasa ko kasar gona da aka yi amfani dashi don dasa shuki, laima mara nauyi ko dakin yayi sanyi. Dalilin na iya zama mai dumi wintering a cikin duhu wuri, kazalika da rashin pruning na farko mai tushe a cikin bazara.
Babban nau'ikan
Florists suna da matukar ƙaunar nau'ikan 2 na munafunci, amma yanzu sun kasance daga asalin halittar Neomortonium da Nematanthus (dangin Gisneria).
Tsarin hypocyte (Hypocyrta nummularia)
Wannan inji ne mai ban tsoro kuma yana da rauni Branching mai tushe. Leaƙaƙƙiya mai launin shuɗi, ganye mai launin fata suna zagaye. Suna kanana a gefen kuma sun kai kimanin santimita 2 a tsayi. A saman foliage da harbe babu wasu ƙananan gashi. Furanni suna cike da ja tare da ratsin rawaya na corolla. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bayan fure, ganye sun fadi. A yanzu, ana kiran wannan tsiron neomortonia monolithic (Neomortonia nummularia) kuma tana cikin halittar neomortonia.
Hypocyte tsirara (Hypocyrta glabra)
Irin wannan tsire-tsire ne mai girman kai-mai girma kuma yana da rauni mai ƙarfi lokacin tushe. M, fure mai haske, ganye mai haske mai haske yana da siffar elliptical. Basu da fitsari, kuma tsawon su ya kai daga santimita 2 zuwa 4. A cikin ganye sinuses daga 1 zuwa 3 guda na fure ake kafa. Corolla ta ƙunshi furen mai da aka haɗe mai daɗin launi mai laushi, kuma daga ƙasa yana samar da kumburi. A ƙarshen fure, ba a lura da faɗuwar ganye. A yanzu, ana kiran irin wannan tsiron mai suna bristle nematanthus (Nematanthus strigillosus) kuma yana cikin halittar Nematanthus.
