Kwanaki na shuka babban amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa buɗe

A cikin ɗakin rani, hakika an keɓe wata gona don amfanin gona, mafi yawa wanda kayan lambu ne. Kowane al'ada ana bambanta shi da halayen halitta wanda ya samo asali a cikin yanayin yanayin kewayon asali. Babban halin da ake ciki na nasarar noman kayan lambu na kayan lambu a cikin wani yanayi na daban shine shuka lokacin hade da zazzabi na kasar gona da iska, hasken haske da tsawon lokacin awoyi na hasken rana. Labarin ya ba da labarin fahimtar kanku da kimanin kwanakin don shuka iri na babban kayan lambu a buɗe ƙasa don yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi.

Spring shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa bude.

Kasar gona zazzabi - babban alamar farkon shuka

Mai nuna alamun shuka shine yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa a zurfin babban taro na tushen wata amfanin gona. Canjinsa da dumin sa yana shafar murfin dusar ƙanƙara, ruwan karkashin kasa, nau'in ƙasa, da abubuwan danshi. Shi ne dumama na ƙasa a cikin tushen tushe wanda ke ba da damar samun girbi na farko.

Idan kuka shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, to ko da albarkatun gona masu iya sanyi na iya huhu, amma ba za su iya samar da amfanin gona ba. Tushen a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi ba zai iya yin aiki kullun don samar da yanayi don ci gaban dunƙulewar ƙasa ba.

Don kiyaye shuka, amfanin gona mai ƙauna-zafi ana shuka shi ne kawai lokacin da yanayin dumama yanayi yake faruwa ba tare da sanyi ba. Tare da barazanar su, an rufe seedlings da kowane abu mai rufi (spanbond, lutrasil), wanda aka cire washegari tare da fara yanayin dumi. Hasken rana yana sanyaya daga gadaje da aka rufe na iya shafar seedlings da matasa.

A zahiri, ranakun shuka ta yankuna bazai zo daidai da yawan lambobin watannin bazara-bazara ba. Sabili da haka, babban batun batun fara shuka a cikin ƙasa a cikin yankuna tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin dumi da farkon farkon yanayin sanyi zai kasance zafin jiki na ƙasa, tsananin haske, da kuma kafa lokacin sanyi.

A cikin waɗannan yankuna, kayan lambu na asalin kudu an shuka su ne ta hanyar shuka, kwanakin girbi wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin "Maganar dasa shuki kayan lambu na shuka ga yankuna daban daban".

Kwanciyar hankali, ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar zuwa zafin jiki na kwanaki da yawa alama ce ta fara shuka. Domin kada ya shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙayyade zafin jiki a cikin tushen tushe.

Eterayyade zafin jiki na ƙasa ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio

A saboda wannan, ana amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, Savinov TM-5 da kwandom ɗin ɗamara, ana amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.

Zai fi dacewa da sabbin yan lambu don tantance ƙasan zazzabi ta ƙasa tare da ma'aunin zafi. Ka tuna cewa ana amfani da su ne kawai a lokacin dumin, kuma lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya faɗi a zurfin 5 cm zuwa 0 ° C - sai su tono shi kuma su sanya shi cikin ɗakin. An nuna hanyar aunawa a cikin shawarwarin.

Eterayyade zafin jiki na ƙasa ta tsire-tsire

Yi la'akari da yanayin kambi na bishiyoyi, ɗimbin daskararru na shrubs, farkon farawa na ganye na ciyawar daji.

Yi bayanin kula:

• Buds of blackcurrant sun yi fure; ana iya shuka irin kayan lambu da furanni.
• A buds juya da warty Birch, wanda ke nufin cewa kasar gona warmed sama da kyau a zurfin of 5 cm, lokaci ya yi da shuka farkon ganye da dasa shuki dankali da wuri. Sannu a hankali buɗe ganye - lokaci yayi da za a shuka radishes, karas, da sauran albarkatu na tushen. Birch yana shirya don fure - ƙasa ta warmed har zuwa 10 cm zurfi. Lokaci ya yi da za a shuka tumatir a buɗe ƙasa.
• Dandelions sun yi girma lokacin da zazzabi ke mai zafi a cikin ƙasa na 10 cm zuwa + 6 ... + 8 ° C, kuma a cikin 10 10 cm cm - kawai zuwa + 3 ° C.
• Bird ceri fure-fure - lokaci yayi da za a shuka dankali.

Eterayyade yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ta yanayin jiki na ƙasa

Yawancin lambu 'yan lambu ne ke amfani da wannan hanyar. An ɗora hannu a ƙasa cikin dunƙule. Idan ruwa ya fito a kan dunƙule, ya yi wuri sosai don shuka, kuma dunƙule ya warwatse - farkon an shuka su. Fell, amma warwatse a kan lumps - zaku iya fara dasa shuki da kabeji da dankali, saladi, radishes.

Shuka tsaba kayan lambu a farkon bazara a cikin ƙasa bude.

Haske shine mafi mahimmanci na biyu na farkon fara shuka

A cikin hadadden babban yanayin, mai zuwa haske ne. An tsara shi ta hanyar jerin buƙatun mafi girma: kwanakin shuka, zazzabi, yawanci, tsabtace lokacin, lalata ciyayi mai tsayi waɗanda ke ɓoye tsirrai.

Kowane nau'in tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada yakan girma kuma yana haɓaka zuwa wani tsawon hasken rana.

Ga wasu albarkatu, sa'o'in hasken rana ba su shafi shuka da haɓaka tsirrai. Irin waɗannan albarkatu na gona za'a iya shuka su a ko'ina cikin lokacin dumama. Wasu - suna jin daɗi sosai game da canje-canje a cikin haske. Masu shayarwa, suna gabatar da sabbin iri, koyaushe sukeso su zuwa yanayin yanayi na wani yanki kuma, gwargwadon haka, bayarda shawarar kwanakin dasa shuki, kiyayewa wanda yake wajibi.

Groupsungiyoyin gargaɗi suna amsawa daban ga haske

Matsakaici Al'adun wannan rukunin a kusan ba su amsa da adadin da kuma lokacin ƙarfin rana da aka samu. Wadannan sun hada da Peas, wake, wasu nau'ikan tumatir da cucumbers, da kankana, bishiyar asparagus da sauransu. Jerin ana sabunta lissafin ne koyaushe ta hanyar masu shayarwa waɗanda suka “ƙaddamar” ikon ba su amsa sa'o'i zuwa hasken rana zuwa sababbin iri da kuma hybrids.

Rana ta takaice. A cikin taqaitaccen rana (awanni 10 zuwa 14), tsirrai na yin hanzari kuma su ci gaba zuwa 'ya'yan itace. Waɗannan su ne wasu iri da kuma nau'ikan tumatir, wake, cucumbers. Groupungiyar ɗaya ta haɗa da wasu kabewa (zucchini, kabewa, squash), masara, zaki da barkono mai ɗaci, eggplant. Wani gungun ganye (dill, faski, letas, alayyafo, zobo, albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu) da sauri ya ci gaba da yin fure (fure).

Dogon kwana. Tsire-tsire na wannan rukuni tare da isasshen lokacin haske (fiye da awanni 14) je zuwa lokaci na fure da 'ya'yan itace. Wannan rukuni na tsire-tsire sun haɗa da kowane nau'in kabeji, radish, rutabaga, radish, arewacin irin turnips, dabbobin, karas, Peas, da beets. Idan kun kirkiro yanayi na gajeren lokaci ga tsire-tsire na kwanaki ta amfani da shuka ko dimbin yawa, ci gaban su zai hana. Ba za su iya zuwa matakai na fure da 'ya'yan itace ba. Suna tsayawa a samuwar katuwar rosettes na greenery (gabobin ciyayi).

Harbe kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa buɗe.

Kwanakun don shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa buɗe

Amfanin gona da wuri (tsakiyar Maris - tsakiyar watan Afrilu)

Wannan rukuni na tsire-tsire sun ƙunshi ƙananan albarkatu masu sauƙi da matsakaici. Za a iya shuka shuka farkon ganye da kayan marmari a cikin matakai, bayan kwanaki 10-12-15, wanda zai haɓaka karɓar kayan sabo.

Jerin amfanin gona don shuka a zazzabi ƙasa na 7-10 cm Layer tsakanin + 3 ... + 5 ° C.

• Green (gingerbread) - Dill, faski, coriander, fennel, parsnip, mustard, seleri, bishiyar asparagus, lemun tsami da sauran su.
• Leafy kayan lambu da kuma tare da amfanin gona iska - kowane irin salads, horseradish, alayyafo, rhubarb, Peas, farkon farin kabeji, Broccoli, farkon-ripened farin kabeji.
• Bulbous da albarkatu masu tushe - kayan sawa da albasa chernushka a kan gashin tsuntsu da albasa, karas da wuri, radishes, radishes, turnips, rutabaga.

Amfanin gona na bazara (tsakiyar Afrilu - shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu)

Idan lokacin bazara yayi sanyi da laima, za'a sake sanya shuka zuwa wata rana (5-8 days). Kamar sanyi mai iya jurewa, ana iya shuka irin waɗannan albarkatun gona a matakai, bayan kwanaki 10-12-15, wanda zai iya karɓar karɓar kayan sabo.

Lokacin da ƙasa ke yin zafi a cikin tushen tushe daga + 5 ° С, yana yiwuwa a ci gaba da shuka wasu albarkatu masu ƙarancin-da-matsakaici zuwa yanayin samar da hasken rana.

Jerin amfanin gona don shuka a zazzabi na ƙasa na 8-15 cm Layer tsakanin + 5 ... + 8 ° C.

• Green - ganye na seleri, petiole, tushe, salatin chicory.
• Kayan lambu - kowane nau'in kabeji: farin matsakaici, kabeji ja, Brussels, Savoy, kohlrabi da sauransu. Dankali ake shuka da wuri, matsakaici, leeks, tafarnuwa bazara. Shuka albasa saiti da wake, wake. Kusa da Mayu, ana shuka masara kayan masara da sunflower.
• Tushen Tushen: beets, karas matsakaici.

Late spring amfanin gona (shekaru goma na Mayu - tsakiyar Yuni)

Shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa bude ne da za'ayi a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Mayu-Yuni, lokacin da akai dumama yanayi yakan faru ba tare da bazara dawo frosts. Misali, a yankin tsakiyar Rasha, Siberiya, a cikin Urals, an kafa yanayin dumi ba tare da sanyi ba bayan Yuni 10-15. Soilasa a cikin tushen-sanyayyen Layer takaddara har zuwa + 12 ... + 15-17 ° С. Wato, amfanin gona na bude-iska ko da na farkon kayan lambu masu saurin jure sanyi ana jujjuya su zuwa farkon ko damina.

A cikin waɗannan yankuna, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da nau'ikan farko, dole ne a keɓe don yanayin yankin, don amfani da mafaka na ɗan lokaci da shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa mai kariya a cikin kaka.

Heat-ƙawancen amfanin gona, shuka shine wanda ake aiwatar dashi a zazzabi na ƙasa na cm cm 10 zuwa + 13 ... + 15-17 ° C

Lokacin da lokacin kwanciyar hankali mai ɗorewa ya shiga, tumatir, wake, guna (guna da kankana), fure-fure, ƙanƙara, marjoram, amfanin gona (karas, beets) ana shuka su. Plantedalingsan ciyawar Namiji (tumatir, eggplant, zaki da barkono mai ɗaci) da amfanin gona kabewa (cucumbers, zucchini, squash, kabewa) ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa.

Don haka, kwararru sun gano gungun tsire-tsire waɗanda ke buƙatar takamaiman zafin jiki na ƙasa, yanayin sanyi ba tare da sanyi ba, adadin da tsawon lokacin shigar hasken rana don shuka da haɓaka na al'ada.

Siffofin zaɓar lokacin dasa kayan lambu a yankuna daban-daban

Lokacin zabar lokacin dasa kayan lambu a cikin rukunin yanar gizonku, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa wasu nau'ikan gajeren lokaci suna buƙatar yanayin duhu, amma a farkon farkon lokacin girma (ana girgiza su don wannan lokacin). Tare da shekaru, suna haɓaka kullun kuma suna samar da fruiting a karkashin yanayin kwana. Idan tsire-tsire na gajeren lokaci ya samar da tsawon lokacin hasken rana sama da sa'o'i 14, to haɓakarsu za ta yi ƙasa da hankali, ƙwanin ciyawar zai fara haɓaka sosai. Ana amfani da wannan dukiyar a cikin tilasta ganye don samun saurin ganye da kayan kayan lambu da wuri.

A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, juyawa da shuka kayan amfanin gona zuwa ga kwanakin da suka gabata, ya zama dole a yi amfani da matsugunnin wucin gadi, don shirya gadaje da keɓe.

A Gabas ta Tsakiya, tsarin zazzabi na musamman. Kayan lambu suna girma ne a Yankin Amur, Primorsky da Garbarovsk Territories. Rigar, lokacin bazara mai ban sha'awa yana ba ku damar ɗaukar yawan amfanin ƙasa na sanyi mai sanyi na barkono mai zaki da kankana, ana bred musamman don wannan yanki, har ma da kabeji, karas, wanda za'a iya girma a buɗe ƙasa, shuka bayan Yuni 15, wato, albarkatun gona zai zama pre-kakar.

Abubuwan kore na kayan lambu na gingerbread da aka shuka a cikin filin ana samun su ne kawai a cikin amfanin gona na bazara. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da nau'ikan farko, dole ne a keɓe don yanayin yankin, don amfani da mafaka na ɗan lokaci da shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa mai kariya a cikin kaka.

Tebur 1. Kwanannin shuka shuka na yankin Kudancin

Tebur 2. Kwanan shuka shuka na yankin tsakiyar Black Earth

Jadawalin 3. Shuka rana domin yankin Far Eastern

Tebur 4. Kwancen shuka na Siber da Urals

Tebur 5. Kwanan baya shuka ga yankin Arewa maso yamma

Tebur 6. Kwancen shuka na yankin Midland da Moscow

Mai karatu! Labarin yana ba da bayanai na alamun game da shuka a cikin ƙasa. Ko da kuwa yankin ƙasar nan, babban abin da ake so a shuka ranakun shi ne ƙarancin ƙasa, da farkon lokacin sanyi, da kuma tsananin hasken rana. Idan kuna da wasu jagorori da hanyoyin da suka dace da kansu, rubuta a cikin bayanan. Wannan abu ne mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci na masu karatu.