Babban alamar kowace matsala tare da tsire-tsire na cikin gida shine da farko bayyanar da suke hana su. Ssarancin ɗanɗano, kyakkyawa, canje-canje kaɗan a cikin launi na ganye, waɗanda ke zama mafi bayyananne - alama ce ta rashin kulawa ko kuma bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban.
Gidan tsire-tsire masu bushewa.
Me yasa kuma yadda tsire-tsire na cikin gida suke so?
Rashin gajiya ko bayyanar mara ciki - alamarin ya yi yawa kuma ya birkice, yana da wuya a tantance dalilin matsalar. Tsire-tsire suna bushe, bushewa, sun rasa bayyanar lafiyarsu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, sau da yawa yanayin da ke ɓacin rai ya kasance mutum har ya kasance tare da tsire-tsire iri ɗaya yana da wuya a bincika shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Rarraba a cikin bayyanar cututtuka yana haifar da matsaloli masu dacewa kuma a cikin neman hanyoyin inganta yanayin dabbar dabbar.
Baƙin bushewa a matsayin yanayin shuka ya kamata ba a gauraye shi da tsarin halitta na faɗuwa ba, walƙiya da rawaya na ganye. Don yawancin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, kawar da tsoffin ganye wani ɓangare ne na sake zagayowar haɓakar halitta. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ciyayi da itace mai rarrafe, tsirrai tare da cikakken lokaci, kamar suwarra, cyclamen, bututunas, caladium, da sauransu Partaukarwar ganyayyaki tsari ne na yau da kullun don jasmine, fuchsia da camellia, sinningia da colo colour, ganyen su na rawaya ba ya nuna. a kan general tawayar jihar na shuka. Kamar ƙananan muryoyin poinsettia ko tsarin halitta na mutuwa daga ƙananan ganye yayin da ƙananan kore ke girma a cikin dabino. Kafin neman matsaloli da wahala, ya cancanci bincika halayen tsirrai da rarrabe wilting na halitta daga janar da aka zalunta, bayyanar sakin jiki sakamakon matsaloli tare da yanayi, kulawa, cututtuka ko kwari.
Idan kuna ganin cewa tsiron ku ya bushe, yana da daraja ku duba sosai kuma ku ƙaddara yadda daidai wannan yake faruwa:
- Alamar farko na matsalolin suna da rauni, saukad da kai, sun rasa ganye yayinsu, jinkirin girma da jinkiri gaba ɗaya, bayyanar shuɗi. Suna iya rikita su cikin sauƙi da alamun rashin danshi, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, muna magana ne game da wilting kawai lokacin da, tare da isasshen danshi a cikin substrate, an zalunci jihar ya kasance. Alamar farko ba za ta ba ku damar gano dalilin matsalolin ba, amma suna nuna cewa kuna buƙatar duba shuka sosai.
- Onsarancin wilting. Yana faruwa idan wilting ya tsananta, tsiron ya rasa kayan adon sa, amma sauran alamu a cikin canjin launi (blanching, yellowing or browning) ko alamun alamun kamuwa da cututtukan da zasu iya haifar da azzalumar jihar basu bayyana ba.
- Canje-canje na gaba ɗaya na launi, ɗan ƙarami, ba a iya ganin gyaran gyara ko ƙarancin ganye da harbe wata alama ce ta sakandare da ke nuna matsala mai girma da abin da ya haddasa su. Launin canzawa yana da alaƙa da lalata chlorophyll da keta hakkin hotosynthesis, matsalolin metabolism. Canjin launi mai launin kore, tare da jigon jana'izar gabaɗaya, yana nuna matsaloli kai tsaye. Akwai nau'ikan canje-canje uku na launi na raunana da tsirrai:
- blanching na ganye, farkon ko m chlorosis;
- yellowing na ganye;
- hakowa da sassan duniya.
Gano bayyanar cututtuka shine farkon matakin ganowa da warware matsala. Don tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle na cikin gida, kuna buƙatar bincika duk abubuwan da ke tattare da kulawa da kwatanta su tare da abubuwan da ake so na shuka don samun ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da wilting. Amma wani lokacin bincike mai sauƙi game da yanayin ko tsarin ban ruwa tare da saka miya bai isa ba.
Wani mummunan kallo a cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida na iya tsokani:
- Ba daidai ba watering
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
- Yanayin cikin gida mara misaltuwa
- Kwarowar ƙwayar cuta
- A baza fungal da kuma hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka
Kyakkyawan gyaran kulawa da yanayi mafi sau da yawa yana ba ku damar jimre wa alamomin farko da hana ƙarin lalacewar dabbar. Amma idan muna magana ne game da wilting mara ƙyalle ko canza launi, to daidaitawa kawai kulawa ba zai iya yi ba. Wannan shine farkon matakin farko don ganowa da gyara matsalar.
Blanching na ganye da kuma withering na houseplant.
Blananƙantar laushi na ganye: alamu, sanadin da hanyoyin sarrafawa
Slightaramin digiri na chlorosis ko ɓoyayyen ganyayyaki a bayyane yake a bayyane ga asalin halin ɓacin rai. Rage ganye da kuma katako mai ban sha'awa suna ban mamaki a bango na tsirrai na cikin gida mai kyau, kamannin ya zama ƙara-kallo da jin zafi, tsirin ya yi kama da mai daɗaɗɗen kyan gani na tsohon kyakkyawa. Launin mara nauyi, buɗewar ƙasa, blanching na kawai ɓangaren ganyayyaki ko wani yanki daban na ganyayyaki flaccid suna nuna matsaloli iri iri tare da lafiyar shuka.
| Alamomin Matsalar | Dalilin wilting |
|---|---|
| Flabby, ganye turgor da aka rasa suna haɗuwa tare da launi maras ban sha'awa, ba tare da matakan da suka dace ba, ganyayyakin sun yi yawa, morearin launin ruwan kasa ya girma a kansu, a cikin yanayin sakaci, wasu daga cikin ganyayyaki sun fado | M wuce gona da iri da kuma baza tushen rot |
| Blanching ko cikakken shege (uniform a dukanin kambi ko aka nuna shi zuwa digiri daban-daban), bayyanar da ruwa, faci mai duhu, bayyanar dattin mara hankali | Hypothermia ko icebite |
| Halin mai rauni yana haɗuwa tare da rarrabewar ganye da harbe biyu; jihar sannu-sannu a hankali ana samun cikas ta hanyar shimfiɗa tsirrai da ganyayyaki | Lightarancin haske |
| Wani tsiro mai ƙyalli mai kama da fari ya fara bushewa, sannan ganyen ya fara juyawa ya mutu | Thrips |
| Dankin da alama kodadde ne kuma mara nauyi, yana cikin halin sakaci, ganyayyaki akan rawanin ba daidai ba, juya rawaya da bushe | Spider mite so |
| Ganyayyaki masu saurin magana ba su juya sosai ba, amma inji ya lalace, dwarfism yana tasowa kuma alamun matsalolin ci gaban sun bayyana | Nematode shan kashi |
| Sannu a hankali farawa daga tushe na kambi kuma daga jijiyoyin ganye, wanda a hankali aka maye gurbinsa da yellowing da browning na ganyayyaki | Rashin nitrogen |
| Blanching na gefen gefen ganye ruwan tabarau a tsakanin veins, sannu-sannu rufe dukkan ganye da kuma juya cikin m yashigo tare da gefen ganye | Rashin magnesium |
| Blanching na ƙananan ganye, sharuddan juya cikin browning | Rashin potassium |
| Blanching na ganye na sama, ba zato ba tsammani juya zuwa browning a cikin wani sakaci na jihar | Rashin ƙarfe |
| Blanching daga cikin tushen tsofaffin ganye da tukwici na matasa ganye, wanda sannu a hankali juya zuwa mutuwar ganye | Rashin boron |
| Blanching na ganye takarda kyallen takarda kawai tsakanin jijiyoyin tare da rawaya a hankali da kuma sakewa a cikin orange | Rashin ƙwayar Manganese |
| Cikakke zube a kan ruwan wukake na ganye, wanda a cikin yanayin sakaci ya juya ya zama tarko na tsatsa, kuma yana gyarawa da farin tagulla. | Rashin zinc |
Yana da mahimmanci musamman a zaɓi hanyar magance shuka tare da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Zai fi kyau koyaushe a gwada yin fama da wannan matsalar ta hanyar wanka, gyaran kulawa da hanyoyin ƙirar halitta kafin amfani da sinadarai. Amma idan shan kashi ya kasance mai tsanani ko halin da ake ciki ya lalace, maganin kwari sune kawai damar da za a iya cetar da shuka.
Hanyoyin magance matsaloli suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dalilin su:
- Gyara yin ruwa yana taimakawa kawai a matakin farko na wilting. Idan ganyayyaki sun zama kodadde, to, ma'auni kawai don magance rot da dampness, wanda ke haifar da wilting, shine motsin gaggawa tare da cire ƙwayar lalacewa. Hanya guda ɗaya - kodayake akwai haɗari ɗaya, amma dama don kawar da sakamakon kamuwa da cuta tare da cutar ƙasan ƙasa.
- Anaruwar zazzabi da kuma cire ganyayyaki masu lalacewa da harbe zai taimaka wajen kiyaye tsiron da cutar cututtukan jini ta shafa.
- Haske ko sanatorium zai taimaka wajen magance matsalolin rashin isasshen matakin hasken.
- Abun albasa da tafarnuwa ko kwari (selinon, karbofos, decim, potassium sabulu) zasu taimaka wajen magance lalacewar thrips.
- Idan bayyanar da aka zalunta na shuka paled ta hanyar lalacewa ta hanyar gizo-gizo mite, to, ƙaruwa mai sauƙin zafi don magance matsalar bazai isa ba. Kulawar danshi na tsire-tsire masu zafi, yin amfani da kayan ado, da infusions (fi tumatir, tsutsa mai ɗaci, chamomile, dandelion) da maganin kwari (daga karbofos zuwa feverfew, fetur, acaricide, potassium sabulu) zai taimaka wajen magance matakai daban-daban na kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.
- Gabatarwar ƙwararrun masarufi da ƙwayoyin cuta (nitrogen, potassium, boric, da dai sauransu) yana taimakawa wajen jimre wa blanching da wilting wanda ya haifar da rashin wasu macro-da abubuwan micronutrients.
Idan yanayin zalunci na shuka yana da alaƙa da matsalolin da ba za a iya warware su ba, alal misali, tare da tsananin tsananin sanyi ko lalatar ginin da harbe-harbe, to ceton shuka ba zai yi aiki ba. Yanke cutukan da tushen su zai taimaka wajen bunkasa sabon shuka don maye gurbin tsohon.
Gidan bushewaSanadin da kawar da yellowing na ganye
Ganyayyaki mai narkewa, rashi mai rauni da bayyanar tsiro tare da rawaya ba koyaushe ake haɗuwa ba, amma yana da sauƙin bincika sanadin yanayin hana shuka tsiro fiye da batun laushi, alamomin bayyanannu waɗanda galibi sukan bayyana a cikin mummunan rauni na cutar. A kowane hali, lokacin da aka fara amfani da launin ganyen ganyen ta, ya zama dole don magance matsalolin blanching. Amma idan wilting yana tare kawai ta hanyar yellowing, to muna magana ne game da wasu matsalolin daban - wuce haddi, ba karancin takin zamani ba, karancin ruwa da cututtuka.
| Alamomin Matsalar | Dalilin wilting |
|---|---|
| Ganyayyaki masu rauni a hankali sun zama launin rawaya a tukwici, tsari ya yadu gaba, cikin yanayin sakaci, tukwicin ganye ya zama launin shuɗi da bushe, kuma tsirrai yana tsayawa ci gaba kuma yana dakatar da fure | Rashin ruwa, matsanancin fari |
| Bar kafin yellowing ba kawai ƙare, rasa turgor, amma kuma curl | Aphid |
| Yellowing yana shimfidawa a hankali akan ganye mai santsi, fara daga tukwici, bayan wannan rigar kwari akan ganye da mai tushe ana ganinsu, yana nuna matsala | Rigar kwayar cuta rot |
| Fushin ƙasa yana jujjuya launin rawaya da ƙari, kuma ƙananan ɗigon baƙi suna bayyana a farfajiya, da ɗan tunannin ƙirar | Dry rot |
| A cikin wata shuka mai neman kasala, tushe yana jujjuya launin rawaya da ƙananan gefen ganye, musamman a yankin da ke kusa da tushen wuyansa, a cikin yanayin sakaci, tushen wuyan wucin gadi | Cutar Fusarium |
| Rawayawar launin rawaya da laushi sune halayyar mafi yawancin ƙananan ganye. Fulawa ya zama sannu a hankali - launuka masu canzawa, farfajiya suna gajarta | Wuce haddi potassium |
| Thewari mai saurin ya juya ya zama farkon tsohuwar ganye, akwai alamun rashin haihuwa ko hanzarta tsufa | Fitar phosphorus |
Idan an haifar da yellowing na flaccid shuka kasa isasshen ruwa, to, ana magance matsalar ta hanyar gyara ban ruwa da rarrabe hanyoyin da aka saba dasu akai akai, amma ba mai yawa ba. Yawanci, ana amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a tsaka-tsakin sa'o'i biyu a cikin 'yan lokuta biyu ko kuma cike da ƙurar ƙwarƙwasa ta hanyar nutsuwa cikin ruwa, yana ci gaba da ɗaukar matakin zafi wanda ya dace da wannan shuka.
Kamuwa da cutar Shuka koyaushe yana bayyana kanta ba kawai a cikin bayyane na kwari ba, har ma a cikin wani yanayi na ɓacin rai da dawo da hadaddun dawowa. Wajibi ne a magance wannan kwaro mai kwazo da himma: koda kuwa sun sami nasarar shawo kan matsalar, magani na rigakafin da ba dole ba zai cutar da shi. Bayan haka, kwaro ɗaya mace ta isa ta sake farawa. Don sarrafa aphids, zaka iya amfani da kamshi da wankewa, ɗauka, samfuran kayan halitta (kayan ado da infusions na dandelion, dankalin turawa da tumatir, ƙyallen ƙwayar cuta, katako, katako, yarrow, taba) ko kwari - daga gida mai sauƙi da soaps soaps zuwa selinon, detoil , karbofos da magungunan zamani.
Rigar kwayar cuta rot mafi yawan lokuta ana danganta su da siyan tsire-tsire daga masu siyarwar da ba a tabbatar da su ba, yan lambu masu zaman kansu da masu fulawa ta amfani da ƙasa mai gurbata. Kuna iya magance matsalar ta hanyar magani tare da shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da jan ƙarfe (cakuda-farin sabulu, ruwa na Bordeaux, chloroxide na jan karfe) ko tare da shirye-shiryen sunadarai kamar nitrafen, oxychrome, phthalan da sulfate baƙin ƙarfe. Amma idan ka yi watsi da rawaya da bakin ciki, wataƙila ba zai yuwu ka iya shawo kan cutar ba.
Tare da bushe rot Zai fi kyau nan da nan magance amfani da kwari da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu. Dukkan sassan biyu na sama da tsire-tsire da ƙasa suna buƙatar aiki. Kuna iya amfani da infusions na marigold, mullein ko ash ash, decoctionil decoction, Bordeaux ruwa da kowane tsarin fungicides tare da fadi da yawa na aiki.
Tare da Fusarium Hakanan zaka iya yin gwagwarmaya tare da wakilan nazarin halittu (infusions da kayan ado na horsetail, mullein, ash, marigolds) da kuma fungicides daban-daban (daga chloroxide jan karfe, Bordeaux ruwa, baƙin ƙarfe sulfate da phthalan zuwa tsarin kwayoyi). Wannan cuta ce mai matukar hatsari, jinkirtawa a cikin kulawa wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Tare da wuce haddi na kowane taki zaku iya jurewa kawai tare da dakatar da takin, daidaita sifar da takin zamani da canza canjin idan abin da ya yi da abin da ya ƙunsa bai dace da shuka ba.
Gidan tsire-tsire masu bushewa.
Bayyanar cututtuka da matsalolin juya ganye
Browning, bushewa daga wasu sassa na tsire-tsire masu rauni sune mafi yawan lokuta alamun mummunan matakan lalacewa, bin alamun da aka saba - blanching ko yellowing. Amma akwai wasu bambance-bambancen biyu ga wannan doka: a cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, tukwicin ganyayyakin sun juya launin ruwan kasa da bushewa ba kawai tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko wasu matsaloli ba, har ma tare da hasken haske mai yawa da yanayin zafi sama. Idan launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana ba tare da yin bincike ba ko rawaya, to yana da sauqi ka gano matsalar.
Yawancin haske mai haske, hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma sharar ruwa a tsakanin tsakar rana, rashin daidaituwa na yanayin hasken rana tare da halaye da bukatun tsirrai yakan haifar da ganyayyaki hakan, wani lokacin kuma harbe-harbe matasa. Shakka tare da maimaitawa na yau da kullun waɗannan yanayin kuma yana haifar da bayyanar launin toka a cikin ganyayyaki, burbushi kunar rana a jiki da kuma farkon bushewa. Akwai hanya guda ɗaya kaɗai don magance irin wannan rawar: gyaran yanayi a cikin gaggawa. Idan ka matsar da dabbar ka cikin lokaci zuwa wuri mai tsananin zafi, zaku iya guje wa mummunar asarar kayan ado. Idan manyan sassan ganye sun zama launin ruwan kasa, to lallai za a yanke su ko kuma a cire su gaba daya.
Edgesasan gefunan da suka lalace zasu kuma juya launin ruwan kasa lokacin da aka sa su cikin zafi a cikin tsirewan waɗanda suka fi son yanayin sanyi. Irin wannan amsawa halayyar kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, suna buƙatar zaɓin yanayi mai hankali. Idan aka haɗu da yanayin zafi tare da bushe iska, browning yana shimfidawa da sauri, kuma ganye mai saurin raguwa yana dawo da matsayinsu na yau da kullun. Don magance matsalar launin ruwan kasa, kuna buƙatar gyara yanayin nan da nan - matsar da shuka zuwa mafi tsarin zazzabi.
Yaya za a magance wilting marasa takamaiman tsari?
Idan gidan yashafi yana da rauni, amma dukkan alamu za'a iya cirewa, hade da canje-canje a launi na ganyayyaki, muna magana ne game da iska mai kwari.Kuma ana haifar dashi koyaushe, ba tare da banda ba, ta hanyar kuskure a cikin kulawa da zaɓi na yanayi.
Ga wadanda ba takamaiman bushewar gubar:
1. Rashin ciyarwana din-din-din ne ko kuma wanda bai isa ba wanda yai biyan bukatun shuka. Suna haifar da bacin rai a dai-dai da matsalar rashin daukar kwayar cutar, da amfani da kasa mai inganci. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire sun rasa macro- da microelements, yana kama da kasala, ci gaba kusan yana tsayawa.
Magance matsalar: sake mayar da martaba cikin ƙasa sabo da ciyarwa ta yau da kullun
2. Rubutun, contraindicated ga mafi yawanplaplants, tare da banda sosai Hardy nau'in kuma yi ƙaura zuwa cikin dakunan matukan jirgi, da taurari na lambu.
Magani: Ya isa a sanya shukar a cikin wani wuri mai kariya kuma a keɓe ta daga hayoyin iska mai aiki.
3. Rashin ƙarancin zafin jiki da haske tare da halayen shuka. Shading ko, akasin haka, hasken haske mai yawa, ƙarancin zafi ko yanayin zafi na iya haifar da bushewa ba tare da wasu alamun a bayyane ba.
Magani: Ya isa a bincika fifikon wani nau'in shuka ya sanya shi a wurin da ya dace da su.
4. M wetting daga cikin tushe na harbe ko ganyehaifar da ci gaban rot, musamman a lokacin hutu.
Magani: kawai a hankali yin ruwa ba zai taimaka ba, kuna buƙatar kulawa da shuka tare da fungicides na tsari tare da rawar gani mai yawa.
5. Subcooling ko frostbite daga asalin sa, tasowa daga shuka ana fallasa a cikin bazara da hunturu zuwa bene mai sanyi ko sill taga, ana jigilar shi a cikin yanayin sanyi tare da kare kambi, amma ba tare da kariyar tukunya ba.
Magani: canjin gaggawa tare da bincike na tushen coma da kuma cire sassan lalacewar tushen sa.
Ba a takamaiman wilting ba sau da yawa a tsakanin tsire-tsire mai kwan fitila, ana tsokane shi ta sayan abubuwan dasa shukar ko cutar ƙura. Blue mold da sclerocial rot, wanda za'a iya gano shi ta hanyar ɓoyayyen abubuwa da tara tarin ƙwayar naman gwari, bi da bi, na buƙatar yin amfani da fungicides na tsari. Idan kwararan fitila suna da rauni, babu alamun wasu matsaloli (ko kuma akwai yuwuwar fashewar alaƙa da kulawa), to ya kamata nan da nan ya kamata ku tono su daga ƙasa kuma ku binciki kwararan fitila don sanin matsalar daidai.
