Dankali ita ce mafi yawan amfanin gona na gona da aka shuka a cikin gidajen gidaje da kuma gidajen rani Haka kuma, duk da irin nau'ikan fasahar aikin gona a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasarmu, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin dasa tubersan tubers. Abin da ya sa tambayar yadda zurfafa shuka dankali, damuwa da yawa, gami da mafarin lambu.
Abin da ke ƙaddara zurfin dasa tubers
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na dasa amfanin gona da aka bayar: a cikin ramuka, a gadoji, a ƙarƙashin shebur ko kuma a cikin furzar. Haka kuma, zurfin tubers na iya bambanta daga 5 cm zuwa 30 ko fiye da santimita. Me ke tantance zurfin dasa dankalin turawa?
An ƙaddara shi da abubuwa daban-daban. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Nau'in da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona. A kan haske da sako-sako da ƙasa, zurfin ƙwayar tarin fuka na iya zama mafi girma, tunda irin wannan ƙasa ta wuce iska sosai, wanda ke ba da izinin shuka girma cikin hanzari kuma suna samar da ɗakuna masu yawa na ƙasa, wanda aka ɗaura yawancin adadin tubers. A kan kasa mai yawa, zurfin dasa dankali zai iya zama 5-8 cm.
- Girman da tubers. Yawanci, ana rufe mafi girma tubers zuwa mafi zurfin nesa ba kusa ba, tunda suna ɗauke da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke ba da mai tushe girma da sauri kuma da himma.
- Irin nau'in kayan shuka. Mafi sau da yawa, lambu suna yin yankan tubers a cikin guda don adana kayan dasa. Kowannensu ya kamata ya kasance yana da idanu da yawa ko tsiro. Yanki ya kamata a bushe sosai sannan a bi da shi da itacen ash. Irin waɗannan kayan dasawa galibi ana rufe su zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 5-8 cm ba.
Hanyar dasa dankali
Amsa tambaya game da yadda ake dasa dankali daidai, yana da wuya a faɗi wace hanya ce ta dasa tubers mafi inganci. A ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, duk suna nuna sakamako daban-daban. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da suka shahara wajen shuka wannan amfanin gona.
Zaɓin hanyar dasa dankali da kayan masarufi na ƙaddamar da ƙasa, yankin namo, matakin ruwa, abubuwan da ake so na lambun.
Hanyoyin da aka fi sani don dasa shuki tubers sune:
A karkashin shebur. A cikin kananan lambuna, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna dasa tubers a ƙarƙashin shebur. Wannan yana nufin cewa an rufe su kusan zurfin bayoneti felu. Wannan hanyar dasa dankali ta tabbata sarai akan haske da ƙasa mai kwance, inda ruwan ƙasa yayi zurfi sosai. Lokacin dasa dankali "a ƙarƙashin shebur" a nan gaba, mutane da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙirƙirar ƙananan tukunyar earthen a kusa da mai tushe na shuka, tunda mafi yawan abubuwan sayarwa suna da zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma babu buƙatar rake ƙasa mai yawa akan shuka.- A cikin crests. Wannan zaɓi yana da kyau don rigar ƙasa. Ana shuka Tubers a cikin dogo, tsawo wanda shine santimita 15-20. Don haɓakarsu, kayan aikin lambu ko ƙaramar tractor ana amfani da su sau da yawa.
A cikin maɓallin. Don wannan hanyar, ana amfani da furrows tare da zurfin 10-20 cm. Theirashinsu yana cike da humus na ruɓaɓɓen dutse. Dasa kayan yana dasa zube a ɓangarorin biyu, suna yin huɗun a samansa, 10 cm tsayi da faɗin 20 cm.- "A karkashin ciyawa." Ana amfani da wannan zaɓi akan ƙasashen da ba a buɗe ba. Ba sa tono ƙasa gaba ɗaya. Ana rufe 'ya'yan tubers tare da lokacin farin ciki lokacin bambaro. Yayin da mai tushe ke girma, lambar sa a hankali yana ƙaruwa.
- Matsa cikin ramuka, Zurfi na cm 10. Wannan hanya ana amfani da ita mafi yawan lokuta nau'ikan dankalin turawa a kan haske da ƙasa mai kwance.
- Kafin hunturu a cikin ramuka. Wasu yan lambu cikin yanayin latitude, inda bazara basu da tsauri, dasa dankali a karshen bazara. Wannan Hanyar dasa ba ku damar samun babban girbin-farkon girbi na gaba. Ana kare ƙasa daga iska mai kyau. A lokacin rani, ana dasa guda ɗaya a cikin rijiyoyin da aka shirya. Lokacin da mai tushe ta bayyana, suna baza. Kafin farkon sanyi, an yanke fiɗa. Combs tare da dankali an rufe shi da bambaro, spruce rassan ko auku ganye.
A karkashin shebur. A cikin kananan lambuna, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna dasa tubers a ƙarƙashin shebur. Wannan yana nufin cewa an rufe su kusan zurfin bayoneti felu. Wannan hanyar dasa dankali ta tabbata sarai akan haske da ƙasa mai kwance, inda ruwan ƙasa yayi zurfi sosai. Lokacin dasa dankali "a ƙarƙashin shebur" a nan gaba, mutane da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙirƙirar ƙananan tukunyar earthen a kusa da mai tushe na shuka, tunda mafi yawan abubuwan sayarwa suna da zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma babu buƙatar rake ƙasa mai yawa akan shuka.
A cikin maɓallin. Don wannan hanyar, ana amfani da furrows tare da zurfin 10-20 cm. Theirashinsu yana cike da humus na ruɓaɓɓen dutse. Dasa kayan yana dasa zube a ɓangarorin biyu, suna yin huɗun a samansa, 10 cm tsayi da faɗin 20 cm.
Mutane da yawa suna mamaki: a wani nisa zan iya dasa dankali? Ya dogara da girman tubers, da dankali iri-iri, hanyar dasa. Akwai shirye-shiryen saukar ƙasa daban-daban, waɗanda suka fi shahara daga cikinsu sune:
- nisa tsakanin tubers - 40-50 cm, jere jeri - 50-70 cm;
- An dasa nau'ikan farkon tare da tazara tsakanin 30-35 cm, jeri jere - 50 cm.
Ana shirya kayan dasawa
Tubers da aka yi nufin dasa shuru dole ne, ba tare da alamun rashin lafiya ba ko lalacewa ta inji. Makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, an shuka su a zazzabi na kimanin 15-18 ° C. Bayan da aka fitar da tsiron ya kai kayan da aka dasa na 0.5-1 cm na tsawon kwanaki 1-2 zuwa cikin haske. Irin wannan shirye-shiryen dasa shuki na tubers yana ba ku damar samun dankalin turawa, bushes tare da babban adadin mai tushe da stolons.
Shuka dasa ne mafi yawa ana yi da hannu. Amfani daban-daban na kayan aikin lambu. Na'ura mai amfani sosai itace mai dankalin turawa. Ana iya siyanta a shagon kayan masarufi ko kuma da hannuwanku. Ba wai kawai yana sauƙaƙe aikin mutum ba, amma yana ba ku damar samun ƙarin ko da kyawawan layuka na dankali.
Noma a bayan shuka
Tunda ana kafa tubers a kan harbe a kaikaice na shuka, bayan dasa su, yana da matukar muhimmanci a girma mai tushe sau da yawa a cikin kakar tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 2 har zuwa lokacin buɗe ciyawar kore tsakanin layuka. A lokaci guda, mounds na ƙasa yana kewaya shuka. Ba wai kawai suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ƙarin tubers ba, har ma suna kare ƙananan tsire-tsire daga marigayi frosts.
