Gusmania wani tsiro ne mai ƙwanƙwasa madaidaiciya tare da koren ganye mai haske da kyawawan launuka masu haske, kullun ja, bracts. Yawancin jinsunan gusmania sune tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Gusmania blooms dangane da jinsin a bazara ko bazara. Yana mamakin kyan gani da kyawun fuska. Daidai yayi daidai da kowane ɗaki. Zamuyi magana game da sifofin girma gusmania a cikin yanayin daki a cikin labarin.
Gusmania.
A takaice game da dangin Gusmania
Gusmania (Guzmania) - tsarin kwayar tsirrai masu ganyayyaki a cikin iyali bromeliad (Bromilaaceae) Wani lokaci ana kiran shuka ba daidai ba da guzmania.
Harshen gusmania yana da kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan epiphytes da tsire-tsire ƙasa waɗanda aka rarraba a Kudancin Florida, West Indies, Amurka ta Tsakiya, Venezuela, Brazil; girma a cikin gandun daji, a kan tsaunin tudu a wani tsawan sama da ya kai 2400 m sama da matakin teku. Furanni na wasu nau'in gusmania suna da rikitarwa, wato, basu buɗe ba kuma pollination ke faruwa a cikin fure.
Gusmania girma bukatun
Haske: haske mai zafi. A lokacin rani da tsakar rana, gusmania ya kamata a girgiza. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar haske mai kyau.
Zazzabi: matsakaici, a cikin lokacin bazara-bazara + 20 ... + 25 ° С, a cikin kaka-lokacin hunturu - mafi kyau duka a kusa da + 16 ... + 20 ° С, ba ƙasa da + 12 ° С. Don kyakkyawan fure na gusmania, ana bada shawara don kula da yawan zafin jiki tsakanin + 25 ° C.
Watse: matsakaici, a cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara zuwa kanti, ruwan da ke ciki dole ne ya kasance akai. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana rage gusmania na ruwa, ba a ba da shawarar shayar da shi a cikin soket ba.
Jin zafi: babba - 70-80%. A lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, gusmania yana buƙatar fesawa akai-akai. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, spraying ba da shawarar. An yi nasara cikin tsiro a cikin farfajiya mai laushi, florariums, greenhouses.
Ciyar da gusmania: a cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara sau ɗaya a wata tare da narkar da takin a wurin fita.
Lokacin hutawa na Gusmania: tilasta, saboda rage sa'o'in hasken rana da ƙarancin iska, daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu.
Juyin Gusmania: kamar yadda ake buƙata, bayan shekaru 2.
Kiwo: zuriya, gefen.
GusmaniaSiffofin Gosmania Care
Haske don gusmania
Gusmania za a iya girma a cikin haske da wurin inuwa. Ta fi son watsa hasken, daga hasken rana kai tsaye da tsakar rana ya kamata a girgiza shi, misali, tare da takarda translucent ko masana'anta. Yana girma da kyau akan windows na yamma ko gabas. Yana girma da kyau akan windows na arewa, amma maiyuwa bazai yi fure ba. A lokacin rani, ana iya fitar da gusmania zuwa cikin sararin sama, amma ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana, daga ruwan sama da daftarin. Idan baku da damar sanya tsire-tsire a waje a lokacin bazara, to ya kamata ku rushe ɗakin a kai a kai.
A cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin gusmania, kyakkyawan haske ya zama dole, a wannan lokacin ba a bukatar shading. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar ƙarin haske ta amfani da fitilun fitila don wannan, sanya su sama da shuka a nesa na 50-60 cm, aƙalla 8 hours a rana. A cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin, shi ma wajibi ne don bar iska ta shiga cikin dakin, amma ya kamata a guji zayyana.
Watara gusmanii da zafi
A lokacin girma (daga Maris zuwa Oktoba), ana shayar da gusmania sosai kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa. An zuba ruwa a cikin kanti mai fita, musamman da safe. Ruwa yana buƙatar canza lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin raƙuman ruwa. Kafin farkon lokacin lalacewa bayan fure na gusmania, ana zana ruwa daga kanti. A cikin hunturu, shayarwa matsakaici ne, tare da abun ciki a ƙasa + 20 ° C, ba a zuba ruwa a cikin ruwan ba, amma an yayyafa shuka.
Ana cire tsire-tsire a jikin bishiyar bromeliad daga goyon baya a kalla sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 10 kuma a nutsar da su a cikin ruwan da ke ciki har sai an cika su, bayan wannan sun ba da izinin ruwa mai yawa don magudana kuma komawa wurin.
Ruwa don ban ruwa gusmania suna amfani da ingantaccen wurin zama da taushi, digiri na 2-3 sama da zafin jiki na ɗakin.
Lokacin da abun ciki na shuka a cikin hunturu ya fi + 20 ° C, lokaci-lokaci zaku iya zuba karamin ruwa a cikin mafita, kawai da safe kuma koyaushe yana dumama.
Kamar kowane bromeliads, gusmania fi son zafi sosai. Mafi kyau duka na namota a cikin terrarium ko rigar greenhouse. Wajibi ne don fesa shuka sau da yawa a rana. Don haɓaka danshi, ana iya sanya tsire a kan wata takarda tare da daskararren ciyawa, yumɓu mai yalwa ko ɗigon fure. A wannan yanayin, kasan tukunyar kada ta taɓa ruwan. Yakamata a goge ganyen gusmania tare da dattin zane, tsaftace su daga ƙura, amfani da kakin zuma na musamman don bayar da haske ga ganyayyaki ba bu mai kyau ba.
Daga Mayu zuwa Agusta, ana fitar da takin zamani na gusmania sau daya a wata, yayin da ake hada takin da ruwa don ban ruwa kuma a zuba shi cikin mafita. Ana amfani da takin musamman don bromeliads ko don tsire-tsire na cikin gida na yau da kullun, amma ana ɗaukar shi a cikin kashi huɗu sau ƙasa da sauran tsire-tsire. Dole ne a tuna cewa kashi na nitrogen a cikin taki dole ne ya zama ƙasa, ƙarancin sa na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Gusmania, saitin “Star Scarlet”Gusmania dasawa da canza ruwa
Gusmania yana juyawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, 1 lokaci kowane shekaru 2-3. A lokacin juyawa, wuyan shuka ba a binne shi, daga wannan ne tsire-tsire zai iya jujjuya ya mutu.
Madadin don girma gusmania ya zama mai ƙarfi, magudanar ruwa ya zama akalla 1/3 na tukunyar tukunya. Don nau'in epiphytic, cakuda yana kunshe da murfin kwandon ɓawon burodi, yankakken sphagnum, peat, ganye, humus (ko mullein bushe) a cikin rabo na 3: 1: 1: 1: 0.5 tare da ƙari na perlite da guda na gawayi.
Don nau'in ƙasa ta gusmania, ana shirya abin da aka samo daga takardar, ƙasa humus, peat da yashi (2: 1: 1: 0,5) Sphagnum, turf ƙasa, daskararren bishiyar itace, da gawayi ana amfani dasu azaman ƙari. Ikon saukowa kada ya zama mai zurfi sosai, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da faranti da yawa.
Gusmania kiwo
Da wuya Gusmania ya yadu ta iri, akasarin zuriya.
Yaduwa da gusmania da tsaba
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin sphagnum mai ƙasƙanci ko peat tare da yashi. Kafin shuka iri, an wanke shi a cikin wani rauni mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan da kuma bushe. Ba a shuka tsaba gusmania a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda suke shuka a cikin haske. Kula da yawan zafin jiki tsakanin + 22 ... + 24 ° С, sanyaya a kai a kai tare da feshewa. Bayan kwanaki 10-20 harbe suka fito, bayan watanni 2-2.5 ana haihuwar su cikin cakuda ciyawar, ƙasa mai ganye da kuma peat (1: 2: 4). Bayan kimanin watanni 6, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi. Matasa tsirrai suna girma a cikin shekaru 3-4.
Yaduwa da gusmania ta harbe
Zai fi sauƙi don yaduwar gusmania ta matakai (zuriya). Bayan fure, itaciyar ta mutu, amma a lokaci guda, a gindi, sabon tsarin farfadowa ya farka, yana bada zuriya da yawa. Bayan watanni 1.5-2, suna samar da ganyayyaki 3-4 da tsarin tushen rauni.
An rarrabe su tare da tushen, kuma ana dasa su a cikin kwantena cike da sphagnum, ko a cikin abin da ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai ganye, haushi da yashi (3: 1: 1). Kuna iya amfani da jigon da ya kunshi haske turf, ganye, ƙasa humus, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, ko kuma cakuda da aka shirya don bromeliads.
Sanya kwandon a cikin wurin dumin zafin jiki na + 26 ... + 28 ° С, a rufe da murfin gilashin ko kuma jakar filastik amintacce. A karkashin gilashi, a cikin wani wuri mai dumin dumi da shadda, matasa gusmania da sauri suna girma.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi tushe kuma suka yi ƙarfi, sun saba da yanayin kula da samfuran manya.
Tushen kamfe na Gusmania.
Cututtuka da kwari na gusmania
Gusmania tana fama da cututtukan fungal sakamakon yawan zafi da zazzabi na yanayi. Wuce haddi a cikin mazurari na ganye zai iya haifar da wilting na shuka, ka da lalata tsarin tushen da tushe daga tushe.
Game da yawan wuce gona da iri, gusmania na iya jujjuyawa, don haka rage ruwa kuma zuba ruwa a cikin kayan fita. Hasken rana kai tsaye yana haifar da ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki.
Hakanan gizo-gizo gizo-gizo yake shafawa Gusmania - a busasshiyar iska, lokacin da ganyayyaki da mai tushe suka lalace ta hanyar cobwebs; garkuwa - fararen fata mai launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki da ƙwaya, suna barin m ɓoye; mealybugs - lokacin da aka rufe tsire-tsire tare da farin auduga-kamar fluff, aphids.
Ana iya taimakon shuka ta ta hanyar amfani da ruwa mai soapy, wanka mai ɗumi da fesawa tare da Actellicum (1-2 ml a kowace lita na ruwa).
Busassun ƙarshen ganyen gusmania suna nuna ƙarancin zafi ko rashin ruwa a cikin rami.
Farin limescale a kan ganyen gusmania yana faruwa ne sakamakon feshin ruwa / ban ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa. Yi amfani da wannan dalilin kawai kyakkyawan ruwa, ruwan sama ko ruwa mai tsafta.
