M, amma a lokaci guda Hardy blueberries: bayanin 8 rare iri

Duwatsu na tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka suna da shinge ta hanyar ɗaruruwan bishiyoyi na wannan shuka. Mazaunin tsaunuka da fadama, furanni masu ruwan sanyi suna sanannu ne saboda dandano mai kyau, da kuma kyawawan ra'ayoyi. A kan ƙaramin itace, wani saiti mai banƙyama na ƙananan (har zuwa 1 cm) shuɗi mai duhu tare da fure mai launin shuɗi na fure. Tearancin-mai-dadi daga wannan abincin mai ɗorewa ya kasance cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na dogon lokaci, wanda ke sa yawancin yawon shakatawa dawo nan da kuma sake.

An san wannan bishiyar a karkashin irin waɗannan maganganun kamar gonobol, wauta da nutsuwa. Blueberry sun sami irin waɗannan sunayen laƙabi da ban mamaki saboda wuraren da ya girma da tsirrai da suka zauna kusa da shi.

Habitat

Zaku iya haɗuwa da ɗan itacen da aka fizge zuwa 1-3 m a tsayi, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin yanayin sanyi da laima. Lokacin bazara mai ruwa shine mabuɗin babban girbi a gare shi. Yanayi mai zafi na Rasha, Yammacin Turai, Caucasus, Siberiya, Urals, da Gabas ta Gabas sune mahaifar badass. Duk da haka ƙasashenta sune Kanada da Amurka. Masana kimiyya a Jamus da Poland sun koyi yin noma da kuma haifar da wasu ƙwayoyi masu launin shuɗi, hotunan wasu an ba su a ƙasa.

Vodopianka yana cikin tsire-tsire marasa fassara na dangin Vereskov, sabili da haka, yana jin girma a cikin acidic da tsayayyun kasa. Babban mazaunin ta sune:

• peat bogs;
• cakuda gandun daji (needles, Pine da larch);
• motsi-rufe;
• tsawan dutse;
• tsawan bishiyar Pine;
• tundra.

A cikin kusancin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na fure, fure-fure mafi yawa suna girma. Saboda takamaiman ƙanshin maye da ke sa maye a cikin daji, ya sami irin waɗannan sunayen mutane.

Wannan bishiyar daji ma za a iya girma a cikin ƙasar. Koyaya, da farko ya kamata ku zaɓi nau'ikan launuka masu dacewa waɗanda suka fi dacewa don yankuna don keɓaɓɓen sakamako. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

1. Blucrop da Bluegold. Kyakkyawan zabi don wannan yanayin, saboda berries suna da tsari mai ƙarfi kuma mai yawa.
2. Patriot. Bred musamman don waɗannan wurare.
3. Duke. Ya fito ne daga Arewacin Amurka, inda yanayin yanayi yake.

Lambu kan bada shawarar daina tsayawa kallo daya, amma dasa shuki dayawa. Idan saboda yanayin ɗaya ya ɓace, sauran kuma zai kasance. Wadannan nau'ikan sun yi nasarar jure yanayin raguwar zafin jiki. Irin waɗannan maganganun (-7 ° C) zasu iya tsayayya da ko da launi na shuka. A wannan yankin, zaka iya girbi a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Agusta.

Berries ya kamata a tsince shi a hankali don kada a kakkarye ɓarnar ganyen guba. Idan hakan ta faru, kuna buƙatar cire 'ya'yan itacen da ke hulɗa da shi daga kwandon, sannan ku lalata hannayen ku.

Bayanin da fa'idodi

Kuskuren kuskure da yawa na mutane da yawa - suna rikitar da kurciya tare da shuɗin fure, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a san duk alamun kwatancinsa. A waje, waɗannan '' dangi '' kusan iri ɗaya ne. Koyaya, ciki gaba ɗaya ya bambanta. Abun furanni masu launin shuɗi suna da halin burgundy, yayin da wawaye suna da haske kore. A lokaci guda, 'ya'yan itaciyar ruwan sha sun fi girma. Ita kuma ba ta sanya tababa. A waje, blueberries talakawa ana rarrabe su da irin waɗannan halaye:

1. Bush. Matasa mai tushe suna da launi mai launin kore, amma ƙarshe sami launin ruwan kasa. Suna girma kai tsaye kuma da yawa.
2. Bar M mai haske mai haske ta hanyar jijiya. A gefuna sunyi dan kadan, kuma kowannensu yana da tsawo tsawon cm 3 3. Gefen ciki na siffar elliptical na ganye yana da laushi-waxy mai sheki. Da farko lokacin sanyi, sai suka fara samun haske, daga nan sai su fado.
3. Furanni Fari dan kadan kodadde ruwan hoda elongated karrarawa tare da serrated baki. 2-3 inflorescences daga petiole daya girma a cikin inflorescences. Gajeriyar fitsarin yana lanƙwashin nauyin nauyin juj. Farkon harbe suna bayyana a watan Mayu kuma suna ƙawata manyan tuddai na tsaunuka na duk watan Yuni.
4. 'Ya'yan itãcen. Ripen zuwa Yuli, kuma zaka iya tattara su har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. Girman nauyin 'ya'yan itace na 1 shine kusan 3 g, kuma diamita yana zuwa 1-2 cm. Sau da yawa a cikin siffar yana kama da ƙwallo. Kodayake akwai nau'ikan blueberries tare da pear mai siffar pear, elliptical da berries silili. Kyawawan launuka masu ruwan shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da toshe launin shuɗi yana sa ya zama lu'u-lu'u mai daraja na swamps. Jiki mai ruwan koren ganye yana fita a baya mai daɗin ɗanɗano, har ma da dandano mai narkewa da sourness.

Mai tattara ruwa sama daya hanya ce ta fasaha. Branchesasashe mai yawa na daji suna riƙe da ƙananan berries a cikin bauta. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar aiki tukuru don samun naka. Sakamakon haka, zaku iya yin compote, jam, giya, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, jam, masarar dankali da kvass daga fruitsa .an. Yana da amfani sosai a ci sabbin berries. Suna da yawa bitamin, ma'adanai da maganin antioxidants cewa:

• inganta hangen nesa;
• haɓaka haemoglobin;
• ƙananan glucose na jini (tare da ciwon sukari);
• hana samuwar ƙwayoyin kansa;
• bayar da gudummawa ga samar da bile;
• kara rigakafi;
• shakata hanji;
• haɓaka ci;
• cire gubobi daga jiki.

Irin wannan taƙaitacciyar taƙaitacciyar taƙaitacciyar wakilcin wannan wakilin HALITTAR Vaccinium yana ƙarfafa yawancin lambu suyi fure a cikin shirye-shiryensu na sirri. Shekaru 3 na farko, kayan marmari na bishiyoyi kawai suna ƙawata lambun kuma a cikin shekara ta 4 kawai suke bada girbi, kuma zasu bada fruita fruitan shekaru sama da 90. Wani irin ruwan hoda zai zaba don mazaunin ku?

Lambu

Gidaran shukar shuɗi ya samo asali daga yankuna na arewa maso gabas na Kanada da Amurka. Yana cikin wannan yanki da yawa fadama fadada, conifers, har ma da dazuzzuka marasa ƙarfi, waɗanda suke ambaliyar yawancin lokaci. A irin wannan yanayin gumi, shukokin shukoki sun kai fiye da mita 2-3 ba ga tsayi. Sabili da haka, suna aiki a matsayin matakin tsakiyar yanki na dazuzzuka girma.

Ba kamar sauran wakilan dangin Heathers ba, blueberries masu tsayi ba su da guba (ba tare da esters masu cutarwa da resins) ba, don haka za'a iya dasa shi kusa da gida ko lambun. Bugu da ƙari, an shirya kayan ado, teas, da sauran potions na magani daga ganye da harbe. Siffar wannan nau'in berries mai yawan buguwa ita ce:

1. Madaidaicin mai tushe na launin ruwan kasa, ba mai rarrafe a ƙasa ba. Kauri daga rassan shine 1-4 cm.
2. Tsarin tushen fibrous wanda aka gudanar akan saman ƙasa. Babu gashin gashi a kan asalinsu.
3. Rassan ba sa lanƙwasa ƙasa kuma ba za su iya yin tushe a ƙasa ba.
4. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fi girma, kuma suna da ɗanɗano a dandano.
5. Yawan aiki daga daji daya (shekaru har zuwa shekaru 8) ya fi kilo 5. Tarin yana farawa ne a ranar 15 ga Agusta.

Rashin ingancin nau'ikan tsayi shine rashin tsaro don sanyi. Amma iri-iri na Berkeley, ya yi akasin haka, yana tsayayya da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi, amma ya lalata yayin sufuri da ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo.

Dole ne a girka busassun kayan amfanin gona don yawan haɓakar ɗan itacen bishiya. Zai dace a yi a farkon rabin shekara ta 3. Kuna buƙatar yanke rauni, ya shafa da ƙananan girma mai tushe, ya bar yawancin harbe 5.

Blucrop

Ana iya girma duka don amfanin mutum da na kasuwanci. Dabbobin Amurkawa na jan iri-iri. A cikin dukkanin ƙasashe masu masana'antu a Yammacin Turai, sama da 60% sune Blueberry. Wannan zabi shine saboda halaye masu zuwa na al'adun:

1. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun yi riƙo sama da ɗaya lokaci. Tarin yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuli da duk watan Agusta.
2. Yana jure sanyi (-30 ° C, kuma lokacin da ya tashi -7 ° C) da fari ba tare da matsaloli ba. Yana tsayayya da yawan zafin jiki. Tsayayya da kwari da cututtuka.
3. Goge tsawo daga 1.6 zuwa 2 m.
4. Manyan furanni (2 cm a diamita) suna da tsari na roba, mai yawa. Distinwararren fasalin shine lullube haske mara nauyi.
5. A lokacin sufuri, ba sa fasawa ko yaduwa. An kiyaye gaba daya
6. Yawan aiki daga kilogiram 5 zuwa 10 a kowane daji.
7. Kyakkyawan kambi na manyan ganye zai zama shinge na gonar. A haƙiƙa don farkon ko a ƙarshen kakar.

Matsakaicin yanki na wannan matasan shine yanayin Rasha, Belarus, da Ukraine. Yawancin latitude masu matsakaici, inda tsaunuka, swamps da gandun daji suke.

Wannan al'ada ana iya yada shi ta hanyar farashi. Dogon reshe ya kamata a haƙa a cikin rami da aka shirya musamman mita 3 daga daji kuma a ɗaura shi da mashaya.

Patriot

Wani nau'in da ke da tsayayya wa sanyi kuma yana kwantar da yanayin sanyi -30 ° C. Siffar theaberryan itace shuɗi mai shuɗaye Pateliot yayi kama da ruɓaɓɓun goge, wanda aka shimfiɗa a saman da ƙasa. A kwatankwacin danginsu, 'ya'yan itaciyar Patriot lokacin da ake yin fure suna ja a launi, ba hasken kore ba. Cikakke berries ya zama shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da tinge mai haske. An tattara su a cikin wadatattun abubuwan tari, saboda haka amfanin gona na farko bai kamata a girbe shi ba da wata hanya. Fa'idodin al'adun Bature sun haɗa da:

1. Tushen tsarin yana da tsayayya ga yanayin fadada, da lalata.
2. Mai ikon cin gashin kansa. Idan ka dasa bushes a hankali, wannan take kaiwa zuwa giciye-pollination.
3. Fruitsa fruitsan fari suna da yawa, amma ɗakunan da suka biyo baya sun fi kaɗan.
4. Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa. Har zuwa 7 kilogiram daga tsararren shuka. Dajin ya kai tsayin 2 m.

Wannan nau'in gonobol da yawa yana haɓaka sosai a cikin ƙasa, kusan ƙone ƙasa, saboda yana da ikon daidaitawa ga yanayin mawuyacin hali. Yana tsayayya da rigar ƙasa don da ambaliyar ruwa.

Shuka ta yi kauri sosai da sauri, yana fitar da sabon rassa. A wannan batun, yakamata a dunƙule shi sosai. Harbi suna cikin tsananin buƙatar bakin bakin ciki.

Kyauta

Miliyoyin suna ƙaunar Tsarin Blueberry, ƙarancin al'adun gargajiya. Manyan berriesa =an berries (d = 30 mm) da kuma yawan 'ya'yan itace mai yaduwar bishiyoyi sune dalilai biyu da suka sa seedlings suke cikin irin wannan buƙatu. Don dasa, amfani:

• haushi mai narkewa;
• sabo da allura na conifers;
• rassan tsiro.

Ya kamata a ba da wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin kwatancen nau'ikan Ganyayyakin Blueberry ga acidity na ƙasa. Ka'idar PH don tushen tsarin: 3 - 5.5. Don cimma irin waɗannan alamu, an gabatar da sinadarin phosphoric acid ko ammonium na sulfuric acid a cikin ƙasa watanni shida kafin dasawa. Yanayin rayuwa na speciesan Bidi'a sune madafanancin yanki na dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka. Bayan dasa irin wannan alatu a cikin shirye shiryenku na sirri, zaku iya samun babbar '' kari 'a ƙarshen bazara.

Vinegar ko citric acid ana amfani dashi don wanke abinci mai gina jiki daga ƙasa. Sabili da haka, yan lambu ba da shawarar amfani da su don yin amfani da oxidize na ƙasa ba.

Duke

Daga bangaren kasuwanci, ana daukar nau'ikan blueberry na Amurka mai wadatar tattalin arziki (dalilan an bayyana su a ƙasa). Lokacin da aka adana, berries ɗin suna da ɗanɗano tart dandano. A amfani halaye na iri-iri Duke sun hada da:

1. Bishiyar juriya Saboda kyakkyawan tsarin katako da kodan, yana iya jure yanayin zafi ƙasa da 34 ° C. Koyaya, zafi mai wuce kima da yanayin sanyi na iya rage yawan shuka.
2. Takaitaccen haihuwa, saboda wasu jinsunan makwabta basa yin sa.
3. Ya dace da ajiyayyun lokaci. An yi jigilar shi daidai, saboda yana da daskararren fata mai ɗorewa.
4. Yakan yi latti, kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya a farkon (daga 15 ga Yuli). Don haka, daskararren bazara bai lalace fure ba.
5. Yana buƙatar pruning na yau da kullun.

'Ya'yan itãcen ripen quite lafiya da sauri. Zaka iya tara su a cikin mashigai da yawa (2-3).

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tsaya game densely a kusa da mai tushe. Yayin lokacin tumatir a ƙarƙashin nauyin berries, rassan zasu iya karya, saboda haka suna buƙatar ɗaure.

Rana rana

Wurin haifan wannan tsayi shine tsakiyar Kanada. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna na arewacin Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus, Blueberries Sunrise na iya daskarewa (-25 ° C). Hannun rassan rassan da buds sau da yawa suna fama da wannan.

Kambin yana yadawa, amma yana haɓaka har zuwa m 2. Akwai shootsan harbe, don haka ba a buƙatar datse shi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa fruitsa doan itãcen marmari ba su lalata daga zafin. A gefen ɗan itacen bluish akwai launin ja a cikin kambi. Ya yi kama da haskoki na rana a sararin sama, wanda ya yi daidai da sunanta.

Kasuwanci

Wannan ƙaramin (har zuwa 120 cm a tsayi) da kuma tsakiyar ganye lush daji kuma girma domin na shimfidar wuri ado. Haka kuma, ruwan 'ya'yan itace na Bluegold suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano wanda za'a iya jin daɗinsa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Tana jure yanayin tsananin sanyi (-34 ° C) kuma ya dace da yanayin yankin arewancin Russia. Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa 'ya'yan itãcen da ke cikin rana mai ci:

• bushe, juya cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka bushe;
• zama mara hankali;
• dazuka suna da kamannin yadawa.

Kwakwalwan ƙanana ne, kuma girman isa isan shi ne matsakaici tare da murfin kakin zuma mai haske. Mai sauƙin girma, saboda ba ta buƙatar takin gargajiya, amma ƙari a cikin takin ƙasa.

A berries ripen da sauri isa, saboda haka ba za su iya crumble. Suna buƙatar tattara su akan lokaci.

Lemun tsami ruwan hoda

Daga Turanci, wannan suna fassara azaman ruwan lemo mai ruwan hoda. Wannan gaskiyane saboda ƙananan berries (5-7 mm) suna da launin ruwan hoda mai haske. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m tare da m iyawa. Daga wani daji zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 5 na amfanin gona. Tun da ya girma a cikin kudu maso gabashin Amurka, yana jin amincewa da zafi da fari. Haka kuma, namorowar ruwan lemo na ruwan hoda na ruwan lemo Pink baya bukatar bin ka'idodi na acidity na ƙasa. Suna daidaita da yanayin PH = 6 da na sama. Itace mai ƙarfi ya kai tsayin mita 3, amma baya jure yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 24 ° C.

Koyaya, don bunkasa waɗannan nau'ikan furanni masu ban mamaki na Kanada da Americanan Amurka, kuna san wasu fasalolin shuka da kula da amfanin gona. In ba haka ba, kashe kuɗin da aka lalace da jijiyoyin da suka lalace sune kawai sahiban lambu.