Mutanen da suka fara ganin abarba abarba, da wuya su yarda cewa wannan ba ciyawar daji ce da ta saba da zama cikin yanayin rashin danshi, amma ciyawa. Ya danganta da iri-iri kuma iri-iri, samfuran mutum na iya yin girma zuwa mita biyu a tsayi, kuma diamita na rosette da aka yi da ganyayyaki masu wuya daga 1 zuwa 2.5 mita. Kuma, duk da haka, abarba shine tsiro mai tsiro mai tsire-tsire wanda ɗan adam yayi amfani da shi ƙarni da yawa.
Tun kafin gano asalin yankin na Amurkan, kabilun yankin sun girma abarba don samar da 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi da ƙamshi da fiber mai ƙarfi, waɗanda ke zuwa ga kera tufafi, ɗamara, raga na kifi da kwanduna.
A yau, an san al'adu a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ƙasashe a yankin mai zafi don noma. Pineapples suna girma a cikin manyan filayen tsire-tsire ba kawai a Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya ba, har ma a cikin yankin Asiya, Australia da wasu ƙasashen Afirka da yawa. A cikin canjin yanayin canjin yanayi, yana yiwuwa a shuka abarba a cikin gidajen kora. Kuma a kan windows windows gida da kuma a cikin gidajen Aljannar ana amfani da wannan al'ada azaman kayan ado na gargajiya.
Ta yaya abarba ke girma?
Tun da abarba shuka ce mai cin gashin kanta, tana ciyar da farkon watanni bayan dasa shuki don ƙirƙirar ganye na ganye. A wannan lokacin, gangar jikin tayi girma kuma tayi kauri tare da tsawon 20 zuwa 80 cm, daga wacce kunkuntar ta nuna ganye, densely dasa a karkace, mika.
Duk da taurin kai da kasancewar ire-iren wuraren kaifi masu kaifi a gefen, ganyayyaki a sashin suna da dadi sosai.
Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a wuraren da aka samo asali, tsire-tsire a wasu lokuta ƙarancin rashin danshi. An kuma tsara nau'ikan kwandon filayen ganye don tattara ruwa, wanda raindrops da raɓa suke sauka da ƙasa mai tushe, inda abarba abarba take da tsarin tushen fibrous surface.
Hakanan ruwa yana tarawa a cikin ganyayyaki mai yuwuwar ganyayyaki, domin a lokacin, idan ya cancanta, ya tallafawa duka tsiron da samuwar tayin. Nawa abarba ke girma har zuwa lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suka bayyana a kanta? Abarba a shirye yake don yin fure a watanni 12-18 bayan dasa shuki. Kalmar na iya bambanta dangane da ire-iren ire-ire iri iri, amma tsarin samuwar inflorescence da 'ya'yan itace iri daya ne a cikin dukkan jinsuna.
A elongated, leafless tsawo na kara, kananan furanni hade a cikin wani m karuwa-dimbin yawa inflorescence bude. Yawan corollas, a cikin tsayi wanda bai wuce 1.5-2 cm ba kuma yana da lilac ko launin ruwan hoda-purple, a cikin inflorescence na iya zuwa ɗari biyu. Da farko, furannin bisexual a buɗe a cikin ƙananan tiers, to, fure ya kara zuwa babba buds.
Kwayoyin kwayoyi ne berries wanda, kusan bayan samuwar, fara haɗuwa da juna, samar da wata abarba mai farin jini da kowa ya sani a ƙarƙashin kwasfa guda ɗaya.
Yana ɗaukar watanni 3 zuwa 6 don matrices su girma, bayan wannan an yanka su. Kuma ta yaya abarba tayi girma?
Kamar yadda 'ya'yan itacen ripens, da shuka fara da sauri samar da' yar a kaikaice harbe located duka a cikin axils na ganye da kuma a gindi daga cikin rosette, kazalika a karkashin 'ya'yan itacen. Lokacin da aka yanke 'ya'yan itace mai laushi, itaciyar ta rasa babban matsayin haɓakarta, kuma ci gaba zai iya ci gaba saboda sabbin harbewa.
Wannan na faruwa idan abarba tayi girma a dabi'a. Kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa ba wanda mutum ya sare shi ba, a ciki wanda a cikin abar bazu a ciki akwai ƙananan, har zuwa 3 mm a cikin tsayin tsirrai, kuma hanyoyin tafiyar matakai sune hanyoyin ci gaba da rayuwa da yaduwar al'ada.
Tsaba daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da dabbobi da tsuntsaye suka ci, suka faɗi cikin ƙasa, suka ba da sabon harbi, da harbe daga tushe a saukake.
Amma a cikin abarba an sayar a shagunan, koda kuwa kun duba sosai, ba wuya zaku sami akalla aan biyun. Ta yaya abarba ke girma a kan tsire-tsire kuma a cikin gidajen kore? Kuma a ina tsaba suke ɓace?
Ta yaya abarba ke girma akan tsire-tsire?
Tun da abarba ya zama sanannen shahara a duk faɗin duniya, manoma suna tsunduma cikin aikinta ba wai kawai a Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka, inda aka fara gano tsiron kuma ya girma daga aukuwa, amma kuma a wasu yankuna da suka dace da yanayin yanayi. Manyan itacen abarba sun fi yawa a Asiya, Afirka ta Kudu, Australia da kuma Kudancin Amurka.
Anan, al'adun ke samun ci gaba ta hanyar amfani da fasahar mai amfani ta hanyar amfani da manyan nau'ikan ripening da farko. Pineapples sun shiga cikin ƙasa a cikin nau'i na tushen da aka kafe tare da tsawon aƙalla 20 santimita. An dasa tsire-tsire ta hanya biyu, wanda ya bar nisan kimanin mita 1.5-2 tsakanin abarba ɗaya da yin faɗan shimfida sarari.
Mafi kyawun iri na iya Bloom 12 watanni bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gona, ana girbi tsire-tsire, kuma sababbi da aka samo daga harbe a cikin ganyayyakin ganyayyaki ana shuka su ne a madadinsu.
A cikin tsaunukan teku, yin amfani da hanyoyin da ake amfani da ruwa ban ruwa, kwaro na zamani da kayayyakin sarrafa cuta, da kuma hadi da takin, a cikin kasa mai yuwuwa ne ake iya samun amfanin gona har uku a kowace shekara.
Amma ba duk abin da yake da sauƙi a cikin abarba a kan tsire-tsire. Sai dai itace cewa don samun babban shirin amfanin gona, tsire-tsire ana tilasta su yi fure. Ganin cewa a baya, an yi amfani da hayaki na ƙonewa don wannan, a yau suna komawa zuwa sarrafa tsire-tsire tare da acetylene. Sai kawai a ƙarƙashin rinjayar gas, abarba a kan tsire-tsire suna fara kwan furannin fure.
Rashin ƙarancin lokaci wanda ke bayyana akan doguwar kafaɗa baya rage damuwar manoma. Sai dai itace cewa yana yiwuwa a cimma 'ya'yan itace a cikin da babu wasu tsaba ko kuma ƙudurinsu kawai, ta hanyar hana tsabtace tsire-tsire.
A saboda wannan, ana amfani da matakan kariya daga kwari, har ma ana sanya iyakoki masu kariya akan kowane inflorescence. Tabbas, a Hawaii, alal misali, tsirrai na wannan nau'in basa son yin zuriya ko ƙwanƙwaran kamshi, amma hummingbirds.
Pineapples a cikin greenhouse: wani sabon abu girbi daga gida na bazara
Tun daga ƙarni na 16, abarba a Turai, kamar baƙi daga Kudancin Amurka, an girma a cikin gidajen kora. A yau ma hakan yana yiwuwa, musamman tunda kayan fasahar zamani sun sauƙaƙe aikin gyaran abarba a cikin takin ƙasa da rage farashin tsaftar su. Saboda nau'in farfajiya na tushen tushen, buƙatar abarba a cikin ƙasa ta iyakance ga wani yanki mai kusan cm 20 Tare da kyakkyawan tsari da aka shirya na shayarwa da kuma kayan miya, da kuma tare da ƙungiyar ƙarin haske don awanni 6-8, abarba tayi girma, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, ba mafi muni ba akan tsire-tsire masu zafi.
Mafi kyawun zazzabi don shuka wannan amfanin gona shine 23-30 ° C. Backgroundarancin yanayin zafi ko ƙarami yana tasiri sosai da girman ci gaban tsirrai, wanda aka raunana kuma yana iya ɗaukar kowace irin cuta da hare-hare kwaro.
Abarba na ƙasa an shirya shi ta musamman ta haɗar da gonar lambu, humus, perlite, peat da ƙara yan gawat ɗin gawayi. Tsire-tsire suna da alaƙa da ɗan ƙara yawan acidity, matakin wanda a cikin ƙasa zai iya isa raka'a 4.0-5.0. Don kiyaye shi, abarba a cikin gidan kore ana iya shayar da ruwan dumi na acidified. Danshi don ban ruwa da ban ruwa bai kamata ya zama mai sanyi sama da iska ba. Yana da Dole a sanyaya ƙasa a hankali don kada ya haifar da ɓarna da ruwa da lalata tsarin tushen tsutsa.
Kamar abarba a kan shuka, don samun amfanin gona, ana kuma kula da tsire-tsire a cikin gidan huhu tare da acetylene ko fumigated sau da yawa tare da hayaki. Abarba nawa ke girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse lokacin da zaka iya jira girbi na farko? Lokacin amfani da kayan amfanin gona masu inganci, kulawa da ta dace da takin shuka a yayin girma, lokacin isa don samun abarba na pineapples a cikin yashi bai wuce a buɗe ba.
Abarba a cikin tukunya
A matsayin al'adun gargajiya, abarba ana amfani dashi sosai a Amurka, Kudancin Turai da sauran ƙasashe masu dumin yanayi. Manyan tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa suna yin ado da gonar da gidan. Haka kuma, don dasa shuki, marasa tsire-tsire na Ananas comosus var. comosus, wanda ya saba wa kowa akan shelkwatar shagunan 'ya'yan itace, kuma dangin sa na kusa ne da iri iri.
Musamman mai ban sha'awa sune tsire-tsire masu ƙananan kwari Erectifolius, Ananassoides da Bracteatus tare da ƙananan ƙananan 'ya'yan itace da kuma wasu lokuta sun bambanta mai haske. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a saman harbe irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, ba shakka, ƙarancin ɗanɗano ne ga kayan abarba daga gidan kore ko tsire-tsire a wani wuri a Puerto Rico.
Idan a gida kana son samun abarba mai ƙoshin gaske, dole ne ka yi ƙoƙarin shuka shi daga saman 'ya'yan itacen da aka sayo cikin shagon.
Don fahimtar duk rikice-rikicen tsari, zaku iya kallon hotuna da bidiyo game da yadda abarba ke girma da kuma irin kulawa da wannan al'ada take buƙata. Matsalar kulawa da abarba a cikin tukunya ita ce samar da shuka tare da zazzabi mai mahimmanci, lura da ka'idodin shayarwa da kayan miya. Amma ta hanyar kallon abarba yayi girma, zaku iya koyon amsa roƙon buƙatun kore dabbar. Kuma bayan shekaru 1-1.5 bayan dasa shuki, lokaci zai zo da zai sa tsirin ya yi fure ya ba da 'ya'ya.
