Harshen halitta kamar euphorbia (Euphorbia), mallakar gidan Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), shine ɗayan mafi girman shuka a duniya. Wannan halittar tana hade kusan nau'ikan tsiro guda 2,000 wanda za'a iya samu a kusan kowace kusurwa ta duniya. Wannan nau'in ana wakilta ta hanyar succulents, ganye na shekara, ciyawa, da "cacti." Don haka, a cikin Rasha a cikin yanayi zaku iya haɗuwa da nau'ikan nau'ikan 160 na milkweed. Kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan da yawa da aka yi nasara waɗanda aka samu nasarar girma a cikin shirye shiryen kansu.
Don haka, mutane da yawa sanannun sako euphorbia (Euphorbia cyparissias) suna cikin halittar madarar ruwan. Ya yi fice a waje domin densely ganye mai laushi mai tushe, waɗanda da ɗan kama da rassan larch. Euphorbia na Griffith ko wutar (Euphorbia griffithii) tana samun karbuwa sosai tsakanin masu lambu. Wannan ciyawar itace mai fure. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan suna kuma girma a gida. Duk waɗannan tsire-tsire suna haɗuwa da fasali ɗaya mai kama ɗaya - kasancewar ruwan 'ya'yan itace milky (wanda ya rinjayi samuwar sunan). Sau da yawa, kawai akan wannan dalili ne kawai mutumin da ya ƙware da ciyayi zai iya gano euphorbia a gaban shi ko a'a.
Akwai wani fasalin sifofin dukkan wakilan wannan dabi'ar. Wannan ya shafi sifar inflorescence. Wannan inflorescence yana da yanayin juyayi na yanayin: ɓangaren matasa, wanda yayi kama da furen, yana girma kai tsaye daga tsohuwar. Kowane ɗayan 'furanni' a lokaci guda yana kama da sabon abu wanda aka yiwa fyaɗe daga fure ɗaya na fure wanda ba na fure ba, da kuma separateaƙa 5 daban-daban (an bar shi daga fure mai lalacewa). Wannan rukunin yalwataccen ƙarfe yana kewaya da murfin katako, wanda kuma ya kasance daga furanni marasa lalacewa.
A ƙarshen furanni, ana ƙirƙirar 'ya'yan itace da tsiro, wanda shine akwatin mai girma uku, a ciki akwai wadatattun kwayoyi 3.
Babban nau'ikan
Wadannan nau'ikan da suka gabata sun fi shahara a tsakanin lambu kuma galibi suna girma a gida.
Dabin-farin euphorbia (Euphorbia leuconeura)
Ya fito ne daga Madagascar. Wannan tsiro na tsirowar herbaceous a cikin yanayin za ta iya isa mita 1.5. Tushen tushe yana zurfin zurfafa a cikin ƙasa. Karami shine mai daure kai, kuma mafi yawan wanda ya manyanta shine yayi rauni sosai. Cashin ƙananan silinda daga tushe an sanya shi a layi. A saman, yana samun sifa mai fasali guda biyar, yayin da karsashin laushi mara nauyi da ya saura daga ganyayyakin da suka fadi a bayyane suke a farfajiya. An rarrabe su ta hanyar launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi mai launi mai kyau a kan duhu mai launin kore mai duhu na kara. A saman cinyoyinta akwai wani shafi wanda yake kunshe da gajeriyar magana (kimanin 0.4 santimita) fibrous brownish fringe. Peta'idodin ganye na petiole suna girma da ƙarfi a kan kara. A hankali suna mutuwa suci gaba da zama a bangare apical. Petioles masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki mai kauri mai laushi suna da siffar obovate kuma ya kai tsawon santimita 15-20, kuma faɗin santimita 5-8. Gaban gaban farantin ganye yana fenti mai launin kore kuma yana da alamun fili bayyane, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba yana da launi mai launin shuɗi. A kan ƙananan inflorescences sune fari bracts, waɗanda suke da tubular tushe da lebur, ƙyallen buɗe ido, diamita wanda shine 8 milimita.
Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai saurin girma wanda ke da alaƙar shuka iri. Tsaba a cikin ɗimbin yawa sun faɗi a kan abin da keɓaɓɓun a cikin tukunya kuma yawancin yara matasa suna fitowa daga gare su. A cikin abin da ba a cire waɗannan ƙwayoyin ba, da sannu za su cika daɗewar ƙasa na tukunyar a tukunya.
Euphorbia kama ko kuma combed (Euphorbia lophogona)
Landasar gida na wannan sacculent shrub Mexico. Dukansu a bayyanar da girman girman daji, wannan nau'in ya yi kama da farin farin madara. Amma a cikin irin wannan shuka, kodayake jijiyoyin a kan farantin ganye suna da rarrabe a sarari, suna da launi mai launi. Kuma rayayyun data kasance akan hakarkarin kara sun fi kama da wani lebur, watau spiky crest. Coloraƙarin launuka na ƙarfin amintaccen fata ne mai haske.
Eilehorbia Mile (Euphorbia milii)
Wanda kuma ake kira milkweed kyau ko mai haske (Euphorbia mai ban sha'awa) - wurin haifuwa na wannan nasara, itace mafi girma a tsibirin Madagascar. A cikin yanayin, irin wannan euphorbia na iya girma zuwa 200 santimita a tsayi. A saman da tushe ne mai ban shaawa kuma yana da bambancin bayyananniyar launin toka mai launin toka. Tana da adadin adadi mai yawa na allurai masu kauri, wanda zai iya kaiwa santimita 3 a tsayi. Takalmi na gajere suna da siffar elliptical ko obovate, tare da faɗin santimita 15, da kuma tsawon santimita 3.5. A tsawon lokaci, ƙananan ganyayyaki suna mutuwa su wanzu a kan ɓangaren ɓangare na tushe. Siffar katakon takalmin sun yi kama da na waɗancan da suka gabata, amma suna da ya fi girma diamita, wanda shine 12 millimita. Launin su na iya zama daban, alal misali, jan launi, fari, lemo, rawaya ko ruwan hoda.
Euphorbia triangular ko trihedral (Euphorbia trigona)
A dabi'a, ana iya haɗuwa da shi a cikin yankuna mara ƙarfi na Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka. Wannan ciyayi mai jigon katako mai ƙarfi zai iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 200. Gashi mai tushe na danne shi sosai kuma ya girma gabaɗaya. Juicy, mai sheki mai ɗauke da ƙwaya suna da fuskoki 3, kuma danshin su shine 6 cm. A saman haƙarƙarinsa akwai adadi mai laushi masu launin shuɗi-ja mai haske, waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa tsawon milimita 5. A cikin sinus na kashin baya na sama na mai tushe, ana kiyaye ƙananan ganye mai launin fata, yana da kamannin spade, wanda ya kai santimita 3 zuwa 5 a tsayi.
Wasu majiyoyi suna da bayani cewa wannan nau'in ba ya cikin gaba daya, kuma haihuwa tana faruwa ne ta hanyar yanke itace.
Mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu girbin furanni shine ire-iren da suke da harbe-harbe na launin kore mai duhu, da kuma jan ganye.
Kyakkyawan euphorbia ko poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
Kasarta ita ce Amurka ta Tsakiya da kuma Mexico na wurare masu zafi. Ana daukar wannan nau'in daya daga cikin kyawawan kayan dangin madara kuma ana kiranta da "Kirsimeti Kirsimeti". Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan garkuwar euphorbia a cikin Disamba. A inji shi ne mai tsayi (har zuwa 4 mita), m branched shrub tare da na bakin ciki, kamar dai karye, angular mai tushe. Takalmi-gajerun takardu suna da siffar mai nuna oval-wide ko wide-lanceolate mai girma tare da babban gefen aiki. Fuskokin ganyen yana da fata-mai kauri kuma jijiyoyin jiki sun fito fili cikin nutsuwa. Tsawon farantin takardar ya kai santimita 16, kuma faɗin faɗin ya kai santimita 7. Irin wannan euphorbia yana da godiya ga bayyanar sa mai kyau ga manyan daskararrun daskararrun sa, wadanda suke da yawa. A cikin girman da sifar suna da kama da na fure. A wannan batun, mutane da yawa yi imani da cewa wannan shuka yana da kyau kyau foliage. Speciesabi'ar asali tana da jan ƙarfe. A lokaci guda, akwai nau'ikan da yawa iri iri, waɗanda aka zana zane-zane wanda aka sanya a ruwan lemo, kore, launin shuɗi, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda ko wani launi.
Euphorbia "Shugaban Medusa" (Euphorbia caput-medusae)
Haihuwar irin wannan shuka ita ce Afirka ta Kudu, yankin Cape Town. Irin wannan tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi a gindi shine perennial. Yana fitar da yawancin masauki lokacin farin ciki. A saman korarsu mai launin toka-toka akwai adadi mai tarin yawa na dunƙule-mahaifa, dangane da irin wannan tsinkayen suna da alaƙa da macizai da yawa da aka saka cikin ball. Rowananan ƙananan ganye da aka gaɓa-yatsa na tabbata kawai a saman firan. Farin kananan furanni masu fure a can, suna wakiltar ƙimar ado.
A cikin wannan ruwan nono akwai ci gaba na hankali wanda ke haifar da farin ciki mai kauri, tare da dimbin abubuwa masu rauni a farfajiya.
Euphorbia obese (Euphorbia obesa)
Asali daga Afirka ta Kudu, daga lardin Caspian. Wannan succulent, wanda yake a perenni, yana da kamannin juna a murtuke. Jirgin octagonal ba reshe ba. Misalin matasa yana da sihiri mai sihiri, kuma tare da shekaru, tushe yana shimfiɗawa kuma ya zama kamar wasan kwando. A tsayi, ya kai daga 20 zuwa 30 santimita, kuma a cikin zurfin canji - daga 9 zuwa 10 santimita. A kan ƙananan ƙananan ribs ɗinku akwai daɗaɗɗun ƙwayoyin cuta tare da launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗar fata waɗanda suka ragu daga abubuwan da suka gabata. M ƙananan inflorescences suna kama da fure-fure masu fure ko zuwa ƙananan ƙananan Cones, kuma sun bambanta kawai don hana manyan kwaro.
Euphorbia daidaipla (Yamba korau)
Hakanan daga Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi kama da murtsunguwa. Wannan nasara a gindi tana da matukar kyau, kuma tsayinsa ya bambanta daga santimita 30 zuwa 100. Ylan fararan silsila na launin kore mai launin shuɗi yana da haƙar haƙo 6 zuwa 8 da diamita daidai da santimita 3. A saman haƙarƙarinsa akwai babban adadin m, fataccen launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi mai haske, tsawon sa ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 6 santimita. A saman harba, inflorescence an kafa. Matasan furanni suna kama da ƙayayuwa da ke kusa da ita, amma a kwana a tashi, ire-iren su sun nuna ƙaramin (diamita 5 mm) na ƙarfin takalmin duhu mai duhu.
Kula da madara a gida
Tunda akwai nau'in nau'ikan madara da yawa kuma yawancinsu sun banbanta da yanayin kulawa, babu wasu dokoki na gaba daya. A ƙasa za muyi la'akari da sifofin haɓakar nono na fari, saboda galibi suna girma a gida.
Haske
Irin wannan shuka a duk shekara yana buƙatar tsananin haske da hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyawun windows sune kudu maso yamma, kudu, da kuma kudu maso gabas. Idan hasken yana da ƙarancin haske, to euphorbia za ta yi girma, sabon haɓaka zai zama mai raɗaɗi, kuma a wasu yanayi wannan zai haifar da mutuwar gaba ɗaya na shuka. Don kauce wa wannan, kuna buƙatar amfani da phytolamps don haske, yayin tunawa da cewa tsawon lokacin haske a cikin shekara ya kamata ya zama kimanin sa'o'i 10.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin rani, shuka ya fi dacewa a zazzabi na 20 zuwa 25. Dukkanin nau'in furanni suna da lokaci mai mahimmanci na dormant, wanda aka lura dashi a cikin hunturu kuma yana buƙatar abun ciki mai sanyi. Shi ke nan, saboda kwancen furannin fure yana farawa da zazzabi na 14 digiri.
Irin wannan succulent yana da wuya sosai don canje-canje mai kaifi a zazzabi, amma dole ne a tuna cewa bai yi haƙuri da zayyana ba. Dangane da wannan, ya kamata ka kwantar da dakin sosai a hankali.
Yadda ake ruwa
Akwai wata doka - smalleran ƙaramar da shuka yayi kama da bayyanar zuwa murtsunguwa, a mafi yawan lokuta ana buƙatar shayar da shi. Hakanan kuna buƙatar duba yanayin ƙasa. Yawan ruwa yana gudana ne kawai bayan kasar ta bushe cikin zurfin sashi ¼. Dole ne a bar ruwa ya zauna a cikin abin da yake tare da shi, haka nan kuma da acidation ɗin sa. Gaskiya ne game da waɗanda ke yin nono waɗanda ke da daskararru mai kauri wanda zai iya juyawa da sauri. Amma kar ka manta cewa wasu nau'ikan sun amsa mummunar cutar bushewar ema, misali, Milic euphorbia. Zasu iya amsawa ta hanyar sauke ganye.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da aka kiyaye shi sanyi, kuna buƙatar ruwa sosai ƙasa, saboda a wannan lokacin akwai haɗarin maɗaukakiya na rot a kan tushen tushe da tushen wuyansa.
Haushi
Lowarancin zafi na gidajen birni ya dace sosai.
Cakuda ƙasa
Soilasan da ta dace ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, tsaka tsaki da kuma iska mai gudana. Don dasa shuki, zaku iya siyan kayan haɗin ƙasa da aka shirya don cacti ko ku sanya kanku. Don yin wannan, hada takarda, sod da filayen peat, kwakwalwan bulo da yashi mai laushi, wanda yakamata a ɗauka daidai gwargwado.
A kasan tukunya, kar a manta da yin kyakkyawan magudanar maginin yumbu.
Taki
Irin wannan shuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana tsiro akan kasa mara kyau, don haka bai kamata a haɗa shi da yawa ba. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar sau ɗaya a mako. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin don cacti kuma ɗaukar kashi da aka nuna akan kunshin. Idan a cikin hunturu akwai lokacin hutawa, to, takin bai buƙatar amfani da ƙasa.
Siffofin Juyawa
Euphorbia ana dasa shi ne kawai idan tushensa ya daina dacewa da tukunyar.
Turawa
Cactus-dimbin yawa succulents, har da farin-veined da ripi euphorbia ba sa buƙatar a pinched da pruned. Wadancan nau'in wadanda reshe ya haifar da karfi (misali, Mil Euphorbia) suna buƙatar tsunke fi na mai tushe. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen bayar da kambi mai kyau, kuma yana taimakawa hana ci gaba mai karfi na daji.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Euphorbia - "cacti" a gida, a matsayin mai mulkin, yaduwar yara. A wannan yanayin, ana iya yaduwar nau'ikan ganye da ƙwaya da tsaba.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ɓoyayyen itace a cikin wani, ya kamata a wanke shi daga ruwan 'ya'yan lemo, sannan a bar shi a cikin iska don bushewa. Don tushen ya girma da sauri, ana ba da shawarar kula da ganyen tare da Kornevin. Ana shirya itace da yakamata a dasa shi a cikin yashi mai laushi ko canjin peat. Don tushen, kuna buƙatar karamin mini-greenhouse, wanda kuke buƙatar kula da wani matakin zafi. Ana buƙatar samun iska mai tsari.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Su ne musamman tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari. Amma suna iya yin rashin lafiya saboda kulawa mara kyau.
- Yellowing na adadi mai yawa na ganye a duk lokacin kambi shine daftarin ko tsayayyen ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
- Doka ba karamin adadin ganyen ganye ba a lokacin bazara tsari ne na halitta gaba daya.
- A cikin bazara, rawaya na adadin adadin ganye shine raguwa iri a cikin nau'in deciduous tsari na halitta don shiri don lokacin hunturu.
- Cikakkun manyan launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa a saman harbin - konewa da rana tayi.
- Akwai adadin launin ruwan kasa mai yawa akan kara kuma suna da girma dabam - wannan na jujjuyawar ne ta hanyar tsauraran ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
Hankali! Wannan inji mai guba. Don haka, idan ruwan madara ya sami fata, zai haifar da rashin lafiyar, idan kuma a cikin ciki - guba.
Euphorbia ko murtsunguwa?
Growararre mara ƙwarewa zai iya rikitar da euphorbia tare da murtsunguwa. Amma ana iya rarrabe su a sauƙaƙe. Don haka, madarar nono, ba kamar ganima ba, yana da ruwan milk. Cactus spikes girma a cikin pubescent areoles, yayin da milkweed spines girma a kan m surface. Su ma sun bambanta da furanni.
