Plantaramar shuka mai ƙarancin kore, a gindin ganyen waɗanda ƙananan yara ke a hankali a hankali - korafe daga uwa, suna kama kaji a ƙarƙashin fikafukan kaza. Mutanen da ake kira da shuka "Chicken tare da kaji" ko tolmya (tolmeya). Na ba da shawara don samun wannan masaniya mai ban sha'awa na ado-deciduous na gidan Saxifrage kusa.
Menolies na Tolmia (lat.Tolmiea menziesii). Tolmiya Menzes.
Abubuwan Halittu
Ta wani nau'in shuka, tolmium mallakar murfin ƙasa ne. Karamin ciyayi mai kama da daji, da sauri yake girma tare da faranti kore, yana rufe saman dajin tsire-tsire. A dabi'a, ana la'akari da ɗaukar ƙasa.
Babban rarraba tolma ya kasance a cikin yankunan Arewacin Amurka, wanda shine mahaifarta. Tolmiya wani tsiro ne mai tsatstsauran tsatsa mai tsinkaye 15-5 cm cm .. Karamin daji bai wuce 40 cm ba. Rosette na manyan, dan kadan wrinkled mai haske kore ko ganye mai bambanci yana kan gajeriyar kara. Leaƙƙarfan hatsi a kan dogayen sanduna tare da ɗumbin duhu mai duhu, nasihu mai kaifi da yanke-kamannin zuciya a gindi, an rufe shi da gashi mai laushi, ba kyawawa ba ne. Ikeaƙƙarfan inflorescences har zuwa 50 cm tsayi tare da ƙananan furanni masu kyan gani na tsami da furanni masu ƙyalƙyali ba su wakiltar darajar kayan ado ba kuma ana cire su galibi don kada su tayar da daji daji. Matasa kantuna da yawa ganye a kan dogon harbe (kamar strawberries) rataya ƙasa, kuma a lõkacin da lamba tare da substrate, suka dauki tushen saboda hanzari girma kaifi Tushen. Saboda wannan damar, tolmya yana girma a gida a matsayin shuka mai kyau.
Farin Tolmia Menzies.
Tolmiya Menzes a cikin ciyawar cikin gida
A cikin gidan Saxifragidae, Tolmiya jinsin yana wakilta da nau'ikan 2, wanda, tare da cikakken kamannin waje, ya bambanta kawai a cikin tsarin gidan kwai. Typeaya daga cikin nau'in "Menzies diploid tolmya" yana girma a cikin ciyawar cikin gida, yana da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da asalin hanyar yaduwar ciyayi ta yara - "Uwata kaza tare da kaji," "Matasa a cikin tsufa," "Iyaye mata dubu."
Za a iya kiran Tolmiya Menzies ragin a cikin duniyar shuka. Yana fasali guda daya mai ban mamaki. Wataƙila wannan ita ce kaɗai shuka da, lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙaramin abu (tukunya, ƙaramar ganga), fara fitar da yara akan tsohuwar uwar shuka ne kawai lokacin da duk sararin tukunyar da aka girka rhizome ta asalin, babu kusan ƙasa. Tsoffin ganye suna mutuwa, suna zama maɓallin ƙaramin tsire-tsire. A karkashin yanayin halitta, tolma ya yawaita ta hanyar yin rarrafe, yana ƙirƙirar ƙaramin kore kore mai rufe shuɗi 5-15 cm na ganye. Tsohon daji a hankali yana mutuwa.
Menolies na Tolmiya.
Fasali na Kulawar Tolmiya
Haske da zazzabi
A dabi'a ta dabi'a, tolma yakan ciyar da rayuwarsa gaba daya a karkashin gandun daji. Saboda haka, ba ta buƙatar haske mai haske da rana mai zafi, amma ba ta yi haƙuri da yawan kuzari kuma a koyaushe tana buƙatar ambaliyar ruwa mai cike da danshi. A cikin al'adun daki, an fi sanya shi a kan windows ta arewa. Lokacin da aka samo shi a cikin wurare masu tsananin haske, shuka yana buƙatar inuwa mai kullun, wanda za'a iya ƙirƙirar tare da grid tare da sel na tsakiya ko shading tare da fim ɗin likita. Yana tsayayya da sanyi da kuma zayyana. Mafi kyawun yanayin zafin jiki daga + 12- + 20 * С, kuma a lokacin hunturu a lokacin hutawa zai iya rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 10 * С.
Kasa bukatar
Soasa mai gandun daji suna da haske a cikin kayan haɗin, tare da isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki da aka saki daga zuriyar dabbobi da ke jujjuya su. Sabili da haka, girma Tolmiya a gida, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar yanayin ƙasa kusa da asalin halitta.
Abun da yadudduka na ƙasa dole ne ya haɗa da sassan 2 na ganye da ƙasa mai yashi, don ƙara yawan danshi da ƙimar abinci, 1 sashi humus, sod da peat ƙasa suna haɗe zuwa cakuda.
Don dasa shuki, zaɓi tukunya mai zurfi, tabbatar da ɓarnatarwa kuma cika 1/4 tare da magudanar ruwa daga shards, yumɓu mai yalwa da yashi mai kauri. Tsire-tsire ana shuka su ta hanyar natsuwa, tun da tushen tsarin ya ƙunshi babban adadin ƙananan asalin, yana ɗaure murfin ƙasa.
Menolies na Tolmiya.
Yankewa zuwa zafi
Domin “kaji na mace” don jin daɗin asalinsu, tsarin shayarwa, wadataccen shayarwa a lokacin rani da kuma kasancewa cikin jinkirin ƙasa a cikin hunturu yayin sauran lokacin ya zama dole. Kamar yadda yake a ƙarƙashin igiyar daji mai rauni, ana buƙatar microclim danshi a lokacin rani. Zaka iya ƙirƙirar a ɗaka a kusa da shuka ta adana kullun daskararrun yumbu ko gansakuka a cikin kwanon rufi. Ruwa, ƙafewa daga farfaɗɗen rigar, za su ƙasƙantar da iska a koyaushe. Yayinda yake bushewa, an ƙara ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi.
Ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da tsaftataccen ruwan chlorine a zazzabi a ɗakin. Ana gudanar da ruwa daga ruwa mai ruwa tare da hanci na bakin ciki tare da gefen tukunyar, a hankali don kada ruwa ya faɗi a ganyen tolmya. Saukad da ruwa tare da babban abun da ke cikin alli na fadowa a kan mafitsara ganye na iya bushewa tare da mummunar zubin sharri ko sanya su su lalace. Gurasar kasar gona dole ne ya kasance mai laushi koyaushe (amma ba jiƙa ruwa mai yawa ba). Sau 2-3 a wata ana wanke tsire-tsire masu ƙura tare da wanka, tun da farko sun rufe ƙasa a cikin tukunya tare da fim.
Tolmiya taki
A lokacin bazara, don kyakkyawar haɓaka taro mai ganye, tolma yana buƙatar wadatar da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda aka tabbatar da gabatarwar ma'adinai da takin gargajiya. A lokacin bazara mai aiki, ana ciyar da tolma tare da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai bayan kwanaki 18-20. Kuna iya yin nitroammophoska (ba fiye da 5-6 g) ba ko cakuda ta musamman don rukunin tsirrai na ado-deciduous na shuka kafin yin ban ruwa. Ana ciyar da abinci tare da takin mai ma'adinin a cikin tsayayyen tsari ko ruwa. M takin mai magani yana warwatse a hankali kafin ban ruwa, kuma takin mai magani yana narkewa a cikin ruwan ban ruwa 10 g / 10 l na ruwa. Rana da damuna basa takin Tolmiya.
Tolmiya Menzies, mashahurai suna: Uwa kaza tare da kaji, Matasa a cikin tsufa, Iyaye dubu.
Hanyoyin haifuwa na tolmya
A cikin yanayin girma na wucin gadi, tolmya yana yaduwar ciyawar ne ta hanyar yara ko zuriya da kuma sassan rhizome. Sake bugun ta wurin tsaba ba shi da tushe, tunda ba za a rarraba abubuwan da uwa ta shuka ba, musamman a nau'ikan iri da iri.
Sake haifuwa ta yara
Yara za su iya yada Tolmiya ba tare da rabuwa da shuka daga uwa ba ko kuma ta hanyar raba kananan shuka tare da wani ɓangaren ganye. A shari'ar farko, an suturta takarda akan abin da aka kirkiro rosette mai matashi ko kuma an matse shi sosai ga ƙasa. A wurin saduwa da ƙasa, tushen amfrayo daga matashin waje ya fara girma da ƙarfi. Tushen dabino ya rabu da mahaifiyar kuma an dasa shi a cikin akwati dabam.
A hanyar ta biyu, an yanke ganye tare da wani sashi na petiole (2-3 cm) a gindin itacen ganye wanda yanan-jaririn ya fara girma. Shirya akwati (tukunya ko akwati) wanda za'a zuba cakuda peat da yashi. An binne petiole a cikin ƙasa wanda yasa ganye ya yi daidai da ita zuwa saman farfajiyar sa. An shigar da tanki a cikin inuwa kuma yana haifar da yanayin greenhouse ta hanyar rufewa da fim. A cikin laima mai ɗumi tare da ƙasa mai laushi, itaciyar ta ɗauki tushe cikin makonni 2-3. Bayan watanni 1.0-1.5, ana iya shuka ƙananan tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane na cm cm 6.
Yaduwa ta hanyar kore kore
Yanke ganye tare da wani ɓangare na petiole. Petiole tare da tushe na ganye yana matsi cikin ƙasa mai laima. Ragowar kamar kare ne daga yara. Bayan tushen, da bushe iyayen ganye an cire, da kuma matasa shuka ne transed har abada.
Yaduwa na Rhizome
Ana amfani da wannan nau'in haifuwa musamman don dasawa da shuka mai girma. Rhizome bayan cirewa shuka daga tsohuwar tanki, duba. Cire duk cututtukan da ba su da lafiya, gurgu. An yanka Rhizome zuwa sassa da yawa. Buɗa raunuka da aka yayyafa da garin kwalliya na foda ko kuma ƙwayar sulfur da delenki da aka dasa a cikin sababbin kwantena.
Menolies na Tolmiya.
Tolmiya a cikin kayan ado na dakin
A cikin kayan ado na gidaje da sauran wuraren yin amfani da tolma ganye na ganye da Menzies da cultivars, da kuma da yawa iri daban-daban siffofin siffofin. Kyau mai kyau a cikin ado na ciki na ɗakin an bayyana shi sosai lokacin da aka girma su a cikin tukunyar-tukunya a cikin nau'i na tsire-tsire masu banƙyama. Tsarin tsire-tsire masu ɗaure da yawa tare da ganyayyaki daban-daban, a cikin launuka daban-daban na kore ko a cikin ɗigon zinare a cikin kayan haɗin tare da kyawawan furanni waɗanda ke haifar da dandano na musamman a cikin kusurwar shakatawa ko kuma ɗakunan ajiya.
Tsarin Tolmia ya bambanta tsirrai. A ganyayyaki masu rarrafe, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da launin rawaya masu kama da walƙiyar rana, suna da kyau sosai. Mashahurin variegate cultivars na Tolmus Gold Tuffia Gold ko Tuffa Gold, kuma Varulata Maculata kyawawan tsire-tsire ne masu kyau. Amma kamar kowane variegates, suna motsin rai. Sun bambanta da nau'in ganye-ganye a cikin karuwa mai mahimmanci zuwa matakin danshi na ƙasa, ƙirar ƙasa, kuma basu da tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. A cikin yanayin hunturu suna buƙatar zazzabi na yanayi mai girma +15 - + 17 * С. Domin kada ya rasa decorativeness, duk variegate cultivars (kamar nau'in ganye-ganye) suna buƙatar juyawa na shekara-shekara, kuma kowane shekaru 5 dole ne a maye gurbin su da sabon tsire-tsire matasa.
Menolies na Tolmiya.
Cutar da kwari
Tolmia ya lalace ta hanyar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, mealybugs, kwari kwari da aphids. Ba a yarda da matakan kula da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a gida ba. Saboda haka, tsire-tsire ya kamata a bincika da tsari kuma lokacin da farin cobwebs ya bayyana a kan ganye na rawaya mai launin rawaya (gizo-gizo mites), farin igwa a kan petioles (mealybug) ko filayen launin ruwan kasa (scabies), kula da tsirrai tare da shirye-shiryen halitta Vertimek, Iskra-bio, Fitoverm da sauransu. Za'a iya cire Aphids tare da maganin soapy na foda mai wanke yara. Kafin aiwatarwa, gudanar da gwajin karfin jituwa (yayyafa 1-2 zanen gado kuma bincika halayen). Tolmiya kusan ba shi da lafiya. Abin lura da ganyen ganyen yana da alaƙa da ruwa yana shiga cikin ganye. Wuce kima, iska mai yawan zafin jiki na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
