Hatiora nativean asalin ƙasar Brazil ce, asalin ƙasarta ce. Wannan karamin karamin ciyawa dangi shine dangi mai sananne. Hatiora ya kasance na halittar epiphytic (haɓaka akan bishiyoyi), kuma ƙasa da kullun lithophytic (girma cikin gorges na kankara) cacti. A cikin yanayin girma na gida, waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su wuce 30-50 cm ba ga tsayi. Amma a gida, wannan nau'in kwandon shara na iya girma zuwa mita 1.
Masu tsire-tsire na wannan gandun halittar sun kira Hatior ta hanyar botanists waɗanda suka yi amfani da taswira ta hanyar ɗan Ingilishi Thomas Harriot a cikin balaguronsu na kimiyya. Sunan wannan keɓaɓɓen ɗan zane-zanen hoto ya zama hoton zane na sunan asalin tsirrai.
A halin yanzu, na rarrabe subgenera guda biyu na wannan nau'in tsirrai, wanda ya bambanta da tsarin su da sihirinsu. Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwan masarufi, guda huɗu ne kawai suka dace don narkar da gida.
Kula da Hatio a gida
Wuri da Haske
Wannan nau'in kwandon ba ya son hasken rana kai tsaye, amma yana son haske. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ƙungiyar samar da hasken wutar lantarki. Za'a iya sanya fure akan windows akan fuskantar arewa, amma wannan zai shafi fure. A cikin dumin yanayi, ana iya sa hatorou a baranda, a kula da hasken da ya dace.
Zazzabi
Bi tsarin zafin jiki na abubuwan ciki na hatiora ya kamata da hankali sosai. Wannan nau'in murtsunguwa mai raɗaɗi yana shan wahala mai yawan zafin jiki a cikin zafin jiki. Ga kowane kakar, ya kamata ku ƙirƙiri yanayin kanku. A lokacin bazara, ya kamata ku kula da zazzabi na 22 zuwa 27, a cikin hunturu daga digiri 7 zuwa 13.
Dormant lokacin fure yana farawa a ƙarshen Satumba-Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin kewayon daga digiri 12 zuwa 16 tare da cikakken kin amincewa da shayarwa.
Jin zafi
Tun da shuka zo mana daga gumi tropics, iska iska dole ne a kiyaye high. Dole ne a shuka tsire-tsire a kowace rana, musamman lokacin lokutan zafi. Har ila yau bushewar mai aikan yana jurewa da kyau, amma irin wannan abun cikin bazaiyi kyau ga shuka ba. A cikin hunturu, ana iya tsallake spraying. Tare da taka tsantsan, kuna buƙatar kusanci spraying wani murtsunguwa ko da lokacin dormancy.
Watse
Hatiora shine tsire-tsire mai ƙauna da ruwa, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali akai-akai cikin ruwa. Don yawan amfani da ƙasa mai narkewa, ya wajaba don amfani da dafaffen ruwa mai sanyi ko ruwa. Amma, mafi mahimmanci, kada kuyi overdo, in ba haka ba Tushen kassar za ta fara jujjuya su. Watering ya kamata a karfafa a lokacin bazara, lokacin da shuka tayi girma, kuma ya raunana a lokacin kaka-hunturu. Soilasa a cikin tukunya ya kamata ya kasance mai daɗaɗa, amma ba “ambaliyar” ba.
Kasar gona
Tun da tushen tsarin wannan shuka ba shi da talauci, ya kamata a zaɓi ƙananan tukwane don dasa. Wajibi ne a kula da maɓallin magudanar ruwa, wanda na iya ƙunsar pebbles ko yumɓu masu kaɗa. Cakuda ƙasa ya kamata ya zama mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin halitta kuma ya kasance mai sauƙin numfashi. Don ingantaccen haɓaka da haɓakar hator, zaka iya amfani da wannan cakuda ƙasa: ganye da magudanar ƙasa, yashi da humus a wani rabo.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
The periodicity na ciyar da shafi lokaci na shuka girma. A lokacin girma da furanni, ya kamata a shafa taki sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu. A lokacin hakowa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da kayan miya na tushen nitrogen. A lokacin furanni, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani na potassium. A lokacin dormancy, ya kamata a watsar da takin ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
Juyawa
Don dasawa, yi amfani da lokacin da furen ya riga ya lalace. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don tsaftace tushen ƙasa ta baya. Mitar sauyawa ya dogara da shekarun shuka. Matasa harbe ana shuka su ne a kowace shekara, zaɓi mafi tukwane tukwane. Bayan ya isa furen yana da shekaru uku, ana jujjuya shi a kowace shekara 2-3, manyan samfurori a kowane shekaru 4-5.
Bloom hatiora
A Bloom na hator, a matsayin mai mulkin, faranta ido a cikin hunturu, bayan kaka dormancy. A lokacin ne ake fara samun ci gaban shuka kuma tohon fure ya fara kwantawa. A wannan matakin, ana ajiye fure a wuri mai sanyi kuma an soke duk wani danshi. Sannan an mayar da murtsatsin yanayi zuwa yanayi na yau da kullun kuma an fara shayarwa, wanda ke taimakawa bayyanar buds.
Hatiora murtsunguwa na kiwo
Babban hanyar haifuwa shine tsire-tsire (cut). Bayan fure, ciyawar sassan sassan 2-3 ta watse. Daga nan sai a tsinke wurin mai a cikin gawayi a bar shi daddare ya bushe. Bayan wannan, an yanke zurfin a cikin ƙasa mara nauyi da yumɓu, inda suke ɗauka sosai da sauri. Zai yuwu a shuka tsirrai daga zuriya, amma tsari ne mai tsayi da daukar lokaci.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, inji yana lalacewa ta hanyar kwayan cuta da cututtukan fungal.
Tare da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, aibobi masu laushi suna bayyana akan shuka, wanda sannu-sannu ya watsu cikin dukkanin sassan fure. Yin amfani da jami'ai na rigakafi na musamman a wannan yanayin ba ya haifar da sakamako. Hanya mafi kyau don magance cutar ita ce cire yankin da ya lalace. Idan babban yankin curin ya kamu da cutar, zai fi kyau karye ɓangaren lafiya na ƙwanƙwaran kuma girma sabon shuka.
Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan fungal a cikin hatoria sune marigayi Blight da fusarium.
Phytophthora na iya faruwa a lokacin tsananin ruwa, lokacin da tushen furen ya fara jujjuyawa. Hakanan za'a iya lalatar da shuka ta wannan cuta idan an dasa ta cikin ƙasa mai kamuwa da cuta. Cactus ɗin da ya kamu da cutar ya fara bushewa, ya zama mai launin launi. Don magance wannan naman gwari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
Kamuwa da cuta Fusarium na shuka ya kamu da lalacewa ta inji da kuma cizon kwari. Ana kuma amfani da magungunan Fungicidal don magani.
Lokacin da kwari da yawa kamar su kwari da sikeli, fararen fata, daɗar gizo-gizo da tsutsotsi - ɓangarorin zasu iya faɗuwa, rasa launinsu da juya launin rawaya. Don magance su, ana amfani da magunguna na musamman.
Wahalar kula da Hatorio
- Buds da sassan suna nuna kashe - yana da mahimmanci don ƙara yawan ruwa, daidaita tsarin zafin jiki daidai da tsarin rayuwar shuka.
- Rashin fure ko fure mai rauni - ƙasa ba ta isa ba, ba ta da inganci lokacin kulawa.
- Lokacin da ƙasa yake isasshe moistened, da seads ji ƙwaya da wither - low iska zafi, yanayin zafin jiki ba lura.
Shahararrun nau'ikan fanios
Hatiora Hermina (Hatiora herminiae)
Yankin murabba'i na murabba'i mai girma har zuwa cm 30. Gashi mai tushe na shuka yana da duhu duhu ko silin ɗin siliki mai launin toka tare da tsawon 2 zuwa 5 cm kuma diamita ba ta wuce cm 0. An girka ƙananan yankuna tare da bristles 1-2 a gefe. Daga bangarorin apical, furannin rasberi-ruwan hoda na fure mai tsayi tsawon 2-2.5 cm.
Hatiora salicornioide (Hatiora salicornioide)
Bushy shuka tare da yalwata branched-dimbin yawa drooping harbe. Dankin ya girma har zuwa 50 cm a tsayi. Sassan kansu ba su da girma har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi kuma tare da diamita na 0.3 zuwa 1 cm Smallanan furanni kararrawa masu launin har zuwa 1 cm sun bayyana daga ƙaramin filin da ke da ƙananan setae. Babban akwati sannu a hankali yana kwance yayin da yake ci gaba. Don kamanninsa wanda ba a saba gani ba, ana kiran wannan fitowar ta Hatior "rawar ƙasan kashi."
