Gaillardia (Gaillardia), wanda kuma ana kiranta Gaillardia ko Gaillardia, yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga asalin asalin aster. Wannan halittar tana hade da kusan nau'ikan 25. A cikin daji, ana iya samun irin wannan tsire-tsire a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. Wannan fure ana wakilta ta tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara, wanda aka san nauyin haƙuri. An ba da sunan wannan shuka don girmamawa ga Baƙon Faransa Gaillard de Charenton. Ya kasance mai yawan ci-rani ne kuma malamin sha'anin dabbobi da kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Paris. Ya rayu a karni na 18.
Abubuwan shuka
Tsawon irin wannan shuka yana iya kaiwa zuwa 0.9 m. Yana da harbe-harben katako kai tsaye, a saman abin da akwai farfajiya. Talakawa mai sauki faranti na iya zama lanceolate ko m, suna da wargaje. A kan dogon peduncles ne guda inflorescences-kwanduna. Sun haɗa da furanni masu launin ja-mai launin shuɗi, da kuma furanni masu tsaka-tsaka, wanda yawancin lokuta suna da launin ja mai duhu. An samo Terry, semi-terry da kwanduna masu sauƙi. A cikin inflorescences na rabin-biyu, an sanya furanni Reed a cikin layuka 2 ko 3. Terry inflorescences sun hada da furenn rubutattun matsakaitan furanni masu fure. Yana blooms profusely. Thean itacen mai ciwo ne da keɓaɓɓun crest. A matsayin perennial, kyawawan haylardia ake horar da su, kuma a matsayin perennial - haylardia matasan da kuma haylardia mara nauyi. Gailardia galibi ya rikice tare da gelenium, amma waɗannan furanni 2 ne daban.
Gailardia namo daga tsaba
Yadda ake shuka
Gailardia, wanda yake shekara-shekara, ana girma ne ta hanyar shuka ta amfani da tsaba. An shuka su a watan Fabrairu ko Maris. Manyan tsaba na shuka ya kamata a rarraba a farfajiya na m ƙasa kuma yafa masa mai bakin ciki Layer na vermiculite (ba za ka iya yayyafa). Yakamata a cire kwantena iri a cikin rijiya mai ɗumi da dumi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 23), yayin da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye ya zama tilas. Ƙasƙantar da ma'adanin ba kawai idan ya cancanta ba. Za'a iya ganin farkon seedlings a cikin kwanaki 7-15.
'Yayan itace
Bayan 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana, dole ne a sake shirya kwandon a wuri mai sanyi (digiri 18 zuwa 20). Mafi kyawun wurin don shuka shuka shine greenhouse mai sanyi. Shi ke nan, saboda irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar ba sanyi kawai, amma har da zafi mai laushi. Bayan bayyanar farko na farantin ganye na ainihi, ya kamata a shuka seedlings da seedlingsan yardar rai. Watering ya kamata a yi da zaran saman Layer na kasar gona cakuda ta bushe. Mafi kyawun lokacin hasken rana don shuka su ne daga awanni 14 zuwa 16. In dangane da wannan, tsirrai za su buƙaci ƙarin haske tare da fitilun mai kyalli. In ba haka ba, rashin haske da babban zafi na iya haifar da ci gaban launin toka.
Yadda za a dasa a buɗe ƙasa
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa?
Ya kamata a dasa seedlings na shekara-shekara a cikin ƙasa bude daga rabin na biyu na Agusta ko Satumba. Yankin saukowa ya kamata ya kasance da hasken wuta sosai. Soilasa ta zama mai haske, abarbarta sosai kuma cike da abubuwan gina jiki. Ya kamata a tuna cewa irin wannan fure mara kyau to reagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa, to acidic ƙasa da kuma hadi. Kafin sauka, ya zama dole 1 m2 yin guga na humus (takin), dintsi na taki da 1 tbsp. itace ash. Wannan yakamata ayi a karkashin digging.
Yadda ake shuka
Ya kamata a saukowa ƙasa a tsakiyar rana a rana. Nisa tsakanin ramuka yakamata a yi daga santimita 20 zuwa 25. Sannan dole ne a shayar da 'ya'yan itacen. Kafin zuwa lokacin hunturu, furanni basu da lafiya kuma suna da tushe sosai. Farkon fure zaka iya gani shekara mai zuwa. Gailardia yana buƙatar dasa shi sau ɗaya kowace shekara 4-5.
Idan baku so ku dame tare da dasa shuki ba, to sai ku shuka iri a kai tsaye a cikin kasa mai budewa. Gailardia, wanda kekantacce ne, an girma ta wannan hanyar. Ana yin shuka iri ne a watan Yuli-Satumba, alhali basu buƙatar dasa su a cikin ƙasa. A wannan shekarar, 10an ganye na 10 zuwa 15 ne kawai zasu bayyana akan tsiron. Za a iya fara amfani da ruwa a shekara mai zuwa a bazara.
Siffofin Kulawa
Yin shuka da girma irin furanni abu ne mai sauki. Don irin wannan shuka, haske mai kyau kawai shine mafi mahimmanci, yayin da komai ya kasance yana da mahimmanci a gare shi. Ruwa da shuka kawai lokacin dogon, bushe, lokacin zafi. A lokaci guda, watering ya kamata matsakaici. Amma kuna buƙatar cire ciyawa da sassauta ƙasa a kai a kai. Bloom na Gailardia yana da fiye da makonni 8, amma don yin shi ma ya fi tsayi, ana bada shawara ga cire lokaci, wanda ya fara lalata inflorescences. Dole ne a ɗaure nau'ikan da suke da tsayi. Hakanan, dole ne a ciyar da wannan fure sau 3 yayin kakar, saboda wannan suna amfani da cikakkiyar takin zamani. Ana yin suturar miya babba yayin bayyanar buds, a lokacin furanni, haka kuma a cikin kaka, kimanin makonni 4 kafin sanyi. Ka tuna cewa haramun ne don ciyar da abinci haramun ne.
Juyawa
Kada mu manta cewa akwai buƙatar a watsa gaillardia akan lokaci, ko kuma akasin haka, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 5. A lokacin juyawa, yaduwar fure shima ana yin ta ne ta hanyar rarraba rhizome.
Yaduwar Gaillardia
Gailardia za a iya yada shi ba ta hanyar tsaba kawai ba, har ma da rarrabuwa na rhizome. Bayan ɗan daji mai shekaru ya juya shekaru 4 zuwa 5, dole ne a haƙa tushen sa zuwa cikin sassa da yawa. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa kowane ɗayan delenoks dole ne ya sami takamaiman adadin mai tushe da asalinsu. Ya kamata a dasa Delenki a cikin sababbin wurare na dindindin. An bada shawarar yin aikin dasawa a lokacin bazara.
Tushen Tushen ma ya dace da haifuwa. Wajibi ne a tono labule a kewayen, bayan wannan ya zama dole a nemo kuma a yanke tushen mafi girma. An yanke su zuwa sassan kashi biyar-bakwai-santimita, tushen abin da yake a cikin greenhouse.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Sau da yawa aphids da fararen fata suna zaune a kan shuka. Don lalata su, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da daji tare da Actellic ko Decis, amma kafin aiwatarwa kuna buƙatar nazarin umarnin da aka haɗe da kayan aiki. Idan kun keta dokokin kulawa, to furanni na iya yin rashin lafiya tare da launin toka, tabo, mildew powdery, farin tsatsa. Don kawar da irin waɗannan cututtukan fungal, ya kamata a yi amfani da wakilai na fungicidal masu zuwa: Gidajen, cakuda Bordeaux, ƙwayar sulflo, Oksikhom ko Topaz. Wani daji wanda ya kamu da farin tsatsa ya bada shawarar a magance shi da Skor.
Bayan fure
Tarin iri
Domin samun tsaba daga cikin gaillardia na ku, ya kamata ku bar fewan wilted inflorescences kafin farkon lokacin kaka. Domin tsaba ba zubewa, ya kamata a nannade inflorescences tare da gauze, wanda aka gyara akan kara. Koyaya, ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa tsire-tsire da aka shuka daga tsaba ba zai iya adana nau'in halayen mahaifiyar ba. A wannan batun, kafin tattara tsaba, kuna buƙatar tunani game da ko kuna buƙatar su.
Ba za ku iya tara tsaba ba. Inflorescences an bar shi, amma ba a ɗaure shi da zani ba. Tsaba da suka faɗo bisa ƙasa za su yi tsiro tare da farkon bazara. Seedlings kawai za su buƙaci a thinned kuma, idan ya cancanta, dasa.
Wintering na Gaylardia perenni
Kafin farkon hunturu, litattafan matasa suna buƙatar yanke duk kayan faranti waɗanda ke bushe tare da ƙasa. Bayan wannan, tsire-tsire ya kamata a rufe shi da busassun ganye ko an rufe shi da rassan spruce. Tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar rufe shi don hunturu na gaba. Oƙarin gaillardia ya zama dole a shekara kawai idan an horar da shi a cikin yankin da ke da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara da lokacin sanyi.
Babban nau'ikan iri da iri tare da hotuna da sunaye
A cikin lambu, iri iri na gaillardia, wanda duka biyun ne da shekara-shekara, sun shahara sosai.
Galardia sanay
Kyawawan Gaillardia shine mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu noman furanni a tsakanin nau'ikan shekara-shekara. Daji na wannan fure yayi tsiro. A saman fi na bakin ciki da kuma fairly high peduncles ne inflorescence kwanduna, wanda a diamita iya isa daga 6 to 7 santimita. Launin furannin Reed yana da matukar kyau. Don haka, yana canzawa daga launin ja-ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda-purple a gindi zuwa rawaya a ƙarshen tukwanen. Furanni na Tubular suna da launi mai ban sha'awa sosai, sune: launin ruwan kasa-ja. Irin wannan shuka yana da nau'ikan da aka saba da su:
- Fentin (picta) - yana da manya-manyan inflorescences, wanda zai iya zama terry ko rabin biyu. Irin waɗannan inflorescences-kwanduna za a iya fentin su a cikin launuka daban-daban, wato: cikakken ja ko rawaya-ja (launi biyu).
- Lorenza - Terry inflorescences - kwanduna a ciki su ne manya-manyan sifofin sihiri. Haɗin irin waɗannan inflorescences sun haɗa da furanni masu launin rawaya-rawaya ko rawaya mai launin rawaya mai launin haƙori.
Mafi mashahuri iri:
- Ja - inflorescences-kwanduna na wannan iri-iri ne terry. Sun haɗa da furanni mai hutu na tubular, suna da launi terracotta.
- Rawaya launin shuɗi - Kwanduna Terry na siffar maras nauyi ya kunshi furanni tubular rawaya.
Iri irin su Lolipups da Jayeti suma sun shahara sosai a al'adar. Amma m shekara-shekara gaillardia mai ƙyalli (Gaillardia amblyodon) ba ya jin daɗin wannan babbar ƙaunar lambu.
Gaillardia spinosa (Gaillardia aristata)
Spiny gaillardia shine perennial wanda ya shahara tsakanin yan lambu. Haihuwar irin wannan shuka ita ce Arewacin Amurka. Harbe kai tsaye suna lanƙwasa a cikin ƙananan sashin, kuma a farfajiya suna da ɗimbin buguwa. Tsawon irin wannan daji na iya bambanta daga 30 zuwa 75 santimita. Siffar faranti na ganye na iya zama m, telong ko lanceolate. Dukansu suna da kauri ko haƙori, akwai nutsuwa a farfajiyar su. Ganyayyaki mai tushe ne sessile, kuma ganyayyaki na basal suna petiolate. Kwanduna guda ɗaya a diamita ya kai santimita 12. Abun haɗin su ya haɗa da furanni masu launin motley da furanni masu haske, waɗanda aka fi zane-zane a cikin launin shuɗi, ruwan lemo ko jan karfe mai launi iri iri. Furanni na Tubular suna tsarkake launin rawaya. Farkon fure yana faruwa ne a watan Yuni. Noma tun daga 1812. Siffofin wannan nau'in an haɗa su da suna ɗaya - manyan-flowered gaillardia (Gaillardia grandiflora). Mafi mashahuri iri sune:
- Mandarin orange - akwai furanni Reed-rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
- Ire-iren ƙwayar cuta - akwai kyawawan furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
- Dazzer - tukwicin furannin itace ne rawaya, kuma a gindi suna da duhu ja.
Hybrid gaillardia (Gaillardia hybrida)
An haifar da wannan nau'in ta hanyar tsallake wata kyakkyawar hanyar Gaillardia tare da sauran nau'ikan Gaillardia. A tsayi, harbe sun kai kimanin 0.8 m. Fulawa ya fara a watan Yuni-Agusta. Kwanduna na inflorescence na iya zama rabin biyu, mai sauƙi da terry, kuma a cikin launinsu akwai yawancin launuka masu launin shuɗi, ja da launin ruwan kasa. Mafi mashahuri iri:
- Primavera - gajere, karamin daji mai tsayi akan tsayi na iya kaiwa kimanin santimita 25. Gaba ɗaya, har zuwa tsayuwar ɗakuna 8 za'a iya kafa ɗaya daga kanti ɗaya, a saman wanda akwai manyan (diamita game da santimita 12) inflorescences.
- Arizona San - kurmin dwarf a tsayi zai iya kaiwa santimita 20 kawai. Yana blooms sosai luxuriantly kuma na dogon lokaci daga farkon lokacin bazara zuwa sosai frosts.
- Sonne - daji ya kai tsayi na 0.5 zuwa 0.6 m. Launin furannin Reed shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi, yayin da masu toho suna da rawaya mai duhu.
Hakanan, wani nau'in perennial kamar lanceolate gaillardia (Gaillardia lanceolata) wani lokaci ana yin noma.
