Ilasa: shirya shafin don dasa shuki

Saukad da ƙasa suna ringi a cikin yadi, Afrilu yana farawa - lokacin shirya ƙasa don shuka da dasa kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa.

Babban yanayin don samun amfanin gona mai tsayi mai inganci ya dogara da shiri na ƙasa. Duk tsire-tsire suna buƙatar m, kamar haske-wuri, friable, ruwa- da ƙasa mai numfashi wanda ya fashe zuwa ƙananan dunƙulen lokacin da ya balaga. Gudun kan ruwa, mai nauyi ko yashi ba sa iya samar da yanayin da ake buƙata. Irin waɗannan ƙasa suna buƙatar tsaftacewa, wanda ya ƙunshi gabatar da masu noma, ƙarin kwayoyin halitta, da sauran fasahohi da hanyoyin.

Tsarin ƙasa na bazara a cikin lambu

Na farko spring ƙasa shiri aiki

Eterayyadewar balagar ƙasa

Balaga da kasar gona don farkon aikin bazara an ƙaddara ta hanyoyi da yawa.

• kafa ya kamata ya nutse a cikin kayan kwalliyar ƙasa, barin haske (ba fi 1-2 cm) ba;
• dunƙule na ƙasa daga ɓangaren ƙasa mai zurfi (daga zurfin 6-10 cm) an matsa shi kuma an ba shi damar faɗo daga tsayi kusan 1.3-1.5 m. Kuna iya fara aikin bazara.
• kasar gona bata samar da dunƙule mai dunƙule ba lokacin da aka matse ta, tana murƙushewa nan da nan lokacin da aka buɗe dabino (yawanci sandy loam) - soilasa ta bushe kuma ana buƙatar shayarwa lokacin shuka / dasa.

Rufin danshi

Da zaran saman duniya ya farfado, tsoratar da kasar gona da aka tono daga faduwa ake aiwatarwa. Casar ɓawon burodi ta fashe ta hanyar rake, an ɓoye farfajiyar ƙasa, musamman don shuka amfanin gona na iri. A lokaci guda, ana cire datti daga gonar (ganye, ragowar ɗumbin amfanin gona da aka girbe a kaka, tallafawa da aka yiwa tsirrai masu tsayi). Hakanan wannan dabarar tana taimakawa wajen lalata rudun ciyawa da kuma adana danshi a cikin ƙasa.

Musamman mahimmanci shine rufewar danshi a kan kasa mai haske da yankuna masu zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa. A irin wa annan wuraren, an daina fitar da dutsen a cikin gida da sauri.

Muna gudanar da tsoratarwar bazara da kwance ƙasa a cikin gadaje. Hed kyawori

Spring digging

Zai fi kyau gama ƙasan ƙasa mai laushi a cikin kaka (digging, fertilizing), kuma a cikin bazara don iyakance kanka ga shirya don shuka ƙwayar babba na sama.

Koyaya, nauyi coalescing ƙasa yawanci dug sama sake a cikin bazara. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana aiwatar dashi kai tsaye kafin shuka ko dasa shuki. Digging ne da za'ayi zuwa tsawo daga cikin tushen Layer (15 cm) tare da ko ba tare da juyawa daga tafki.

Digging tare da juyawa daga tafki an za'ayi idan an cika rukunin yanar gizon sosai tare da ciyawar rhizome, idan Mayu beetles, larvae na nutcracker da sauransu aka hango rani na ƙarshe. In ba haka ba, ya fi kyau a yi ta tono ba tare da juyawar tafki ba, musamman kan kasa mai tsafta, turf, yashi. Idan rukunin yanar gizon bai rufe ba, a cikin bazara zaka iya iyakance kanka ga nisan zurfin (10-12 cm) (tono da hannu tare da fartanya), wanda kuma yana kwance damƙar saman ƙasa kuma yana rufe danshi.

Me yasa ake jujjuyawar jujjuyawar halitta? Ilasa ƙasa ce mai rai, a cikin kowane juzu'in da mazaunanta ke zaune. A cikin sararin sama na sama wani rukuni na ƙananan ƙwayoyin iska wanda ke aiwatar da kwayoyin a gaban iskar oxygen zuwa cikin ƙwayoyin humic da ke samuwa ga tsire-tsire. Bayan ƙasan 15 cm shine mulkin anaerobes, wanda oxygen shine guba. Samun canji yana canza yanayin rayuwar ɓangarorin biyu, yana haifar da mutuwarsu. Microflora na pathogenic yana ɗaukar sararin samaniya, ingancin ƙasa yana raguwa, wanda ke nufin cewa yanayin amfanin gona zai lalace a nan gaba. Sau da yawa galibi tushen tsarin tsirrai zai kamu da cututtuka.

Yankunan kyawawan halaye suna da kyau ga takin ƙasa da yanayin jikinta. Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da rawar da keɓaɓɓu da fasaha na amfaninsu a cikin labaran da suka dace. Siderata yayi tsabtace ƙasa na ciyawa, yana kwance babba a saman tare da tushen tushensa kuma yana wadatar da shi da kwayoyin halitta saboda lalacewar ƙirar halitta. Aikin bazara a kan gadaje tare da taki kore: tono sama taki ko kuma yanka da sama taro da shuka seedlings ko shuka tsaba kai tsaye cikin ciyawa.

A cikin ɗakunan rani, ya fi dacewa ga lambun a cikin layuka da layuka, wanda ke ba da izinin gudanar da duk ayyukan bazara sosai da kan lokaci: don 'yantar da gonar daga ciyawa, takin, don ruwa, shuka shuka.

Talakawa kan harkar noma

Aikin lambu na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi shuka ko dasa a jere na manyan doko, manyan tsire-tsire (tumatir masu tsayi, cucumbers, wake da ake amfani da ita) ko kuma tef ɗaya (karas, albasa, radishes). Tsakanin layuka da haƙarƙari suna barin hanyoyi don kula da amfanin gona. Ya kamata a lura cewa layuka na mutum ba shine mafi nasara yin amfani da makircin gonar ba: ƙasa mai yawa tana mamaye hanyoyi; lokacin sarrafa tsire-tsire, mafita sun fada cikin layi na gaba tare da al'adar da ba za a iya bi da ita tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka yi amfani da shi ba, ba shi da wahala a shayar da tsirrai, da sauransu.

An fi amfani da kayan lambu na yau da kullun a cikin ƙirar iyakoki, a cikin gadaje na kayan lambu ko wuraren da aka tanada don amfanin gona na magani, lokacin girma mai tsayi ko albarkatun iska.

Lambu daga gadaje

Tare da karamin yanki na gonar, ya fi dacewa don amfani da gadaje don amfanin gona.

Gadaje sun kasu kashi biyu

• na gargajiya
• zurfi tare mahara
• ɗaukaka
• gadaje - kwalaye,
• gadaje - kwalaye.

Aikin lambu yana ba ku damar shiga juyawa na al'adu, abin lura wanda ke inganta ingancin ƙasa da amfanin gona, kulawa da lura da tsirrai. Ana iya sanya gadaje na wucin gadi, amma zai fi dacewa na dindindin, yana ɗaukar wani yanki na ƙasa a cikin ɗakin rani na kayan lambu da wasu albarkatu.

Yadda ake yin gadaje?

Classic gadaje

Classic gadaje an kafa kai tsaye a kan ƙasa. Ba su da daidaitattun sikeli. Yawancin lokaci kowane ɗan lambu yana alamar yankin (nisa da tsawon) saboda ya dace don aiwatar da tsire-tsire kuma kula da su daga hanyoyi, ba tare da ɓata farjin gonar ba.

Ana shirya gadaje ta hanyar da akwai hanyar samun kyauta ga kowane daga ɓangarorin biyu. Tare da irin wannan na'urar, madaidaicin shimfiɗa na gado shine 1.5-1.6 m. Wannan shine, a kowane ɓangaren, zaku iya aiwatar da yankin gado don tsawon girman hannun ku (70-80 cm) ba tare da hawa kan gado da kansa ba. Tsawon yayi sabani ne kuma ya dogara da girman tsarin da aka tsara domin gonar. Tsakanin gadaje suna barin waƙoƙi tare da faɗin 50-100 cm, wanda zai ba da izinin amfani da kayan lambu, ruwa da tsirrai masu tsari. Ta hanyar, an zubar da ciyawa da sauran sharar gida a kan waƙar yayin lokacin dumi, kuma a lokacin rani suna tsaftace waƙoƙin, suna juyar da kwayoyin halitta zuwa gado kuma su haƙa shi azaman ƙarin kayan abu. Dandalin dindindin da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace za su sa lambun su kasance masu kyau da kyau, su sauƙaƙa sarrafa ciyayi.

A kan gado, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin shugabanci na arewa-kudu. Wannan tsari na tsire-tsire yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun ɗaukar hoto na layuka na tsire-tsire, rage shading da juna. Idan gadaje suna karkatar da hankali daga gabas zuwa yamma, sannan shuka / dasa ana yin su ba tare, amma ko'ina cikin gadaje.

A kan gangara, gadaje suna tafe a saman tsaunin tare da keɓaɓɓun farfajiya.

Idan an hadu da gadaje a cikin kaka don tono, to a lokacin bazara ba'a amfani da takin zamani. Aikin ya iyakance ga rufe danshi (raking harrowing), narkarda shuka kafin (idan ya cancanta) ban ruwa na gida akan furrows ko ramuka kafin shuka / dasa.

Spring samuwar gadaje. Upd Sabunta Watanni

Gadaje masu zurfi

An raba gadaje masu zurfi cikin zurfi da kuma tareraji. Tare da wannan fasaha, tushe mai zurfi yana zurfafa cikin ƙasa. Yawanci, ana yin gadaje masu zurfi a cikin gidajen kore, kuma a cikin ƙasa buɗe - a kan ƙasa mai tsaunuka ko wurare masu ruwa.

Amma ga al'ada, alama yankin na gonar. Ana tura itace a cikin kowane kusurwa kuma ana jan igiyar siginar a daidai tsayin wannan. Yanke tare da wuka ko shebur a kusa da kewaye da gado (yana iya samun 4, amma kusurwa 5-6 - zaɓinku) Layer na turf. Mirgine shi kamar kafet.

Ya juya tushe daga gadaje mai zurfi. Don rage germination na weeds, tushe na gado an rufe shi da shimfidawa mai yawa daga kowane kayan kayan halitta - kwali, tsofaffin jaridu, karantawa zuwa ramuka na tsoffin mujallu, rakuma. A gindin ya shimfiɗa keɓaɓɓen turf tare da turmin ƙasa. Kuma a sa'annan 10-12 cm yadudduka suna rikice tare da humus, ƙasa (daga waƙoƙi), takin. Umurnin shimfida yadudduka ya rage ga mai shi ya zaɓa, babban abinda ke ciki shine cewa saman Layer yakamata ya kasance mai inganci, yafi ƙasa ƙasa. A cikin bazara, an lalata gado don rufe danshi. Kafin yin shuka / dasa, a sake jefa ruwa a gida (idan ya cancanta). Ba a buƙatar takin ƙasa. Irin wannan gado daga farkon bazara za'a iya mamaye kayan amfanin gona masu jure sanyi. Humus da takin, bazuwar, zasu haɓaka yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa. Kuma ga albarkatun gona masu jure sanyi, + 3 ... + 5 * C ya isa ya fara shuka. Bayan mun girbe tsirrai masu kyawawan tsire-tsire tare da ɗan gajeren ciyayi, ana iya dasa shukar tsire-tsire na amfanin gona mai tsananin zafi. Ana amfani da gadaje tare mahara sosai a kudu. Tona tono zuwa zurfin na 30-50 cm. Yi ƙasa da shinge tare da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Kasar ba ta bushewa. Tsire-tsire suna ɓoye daga haskoki na rana, suna samar da albarkatu masu kyau, suna rashin lafiya kaɗan. Amma, irin wannan gadaje sun dace da kasa kawai tare da isasshen ruwa. A yumbu, chernozems da sauran coasassun ƙasa guda ɗaya, toshe tushen da kuma bayyanar Tushen tushen zai fara ko'ina.

Gadajen dambe

Manyan gadaje

Kwanan nan, harkar noma tana samun karbuwa sosai ba tare da tonowa ba. Ya fi dacewa a ɗauka shi a kan gadaje mai tsayi ko babba. Suna samun sunaye daban-daban daga manoma, amma babban batun shi ne cewa ƙasa a kan irin gadaje ba ta buƙatar digging. An wadatar da babban Layer tare da amfani da microflora mai amfani, an lalatar da ɓoye cikin sauƙi.

Kowace shekara, ana kara kwayoyin halitta zuwa gonar, weeding karkashin amfanin gona ana maye gurbinsu da mulching.

Fasahar don karya irin wannan gadaje ta ƙunshi ƙirƙirar shinge don manyan gadaje na 20-25 cm, babba - har zuwa 50-60, wani lokacin har zuwa 90 cm. gadajen da aka kafa a ƙasa sun sami sunaye daban-daban daga masu lambu:

• takin
• elated
• dumi
• babban lambun
• puff lambu
• hawa lambun.

Yawancin girma, ko takin, gadaje masu dumin zafi ana shirya su kai tsaye a kan filin lambun. An rufe gadaje na daidaitattun kayan tare da kayan da suka dace: allon, garkuwa, inab na wicker da sauransu. Ana iya haye ƙasa a kan bayonet na shebur don ƙara yawan ruwa. Rassan bushewa, haushi na itace, kwakwalwar itace, shashasha, ganye, ciyayi mai ƙwari, tsofaffin ƙugiyoyi ana aza su a farfajiyar da aka tono ko kai tsaye a ƙasa, suna yayyafa su da ƙasa. A saman, takin ko daskararren ciyawa, ciyawa tare da digawar tsuntsu an shimfiɗa shi a cikin Layer na 10-12 cm. Fuskar ta gaba ita ce ƙasa da kuma sake. Lissafta saboda saman Layer daga ƙasa mai kyau ne, zaku iya haxa takardar tare da humus. Za'a iya ƙara takin da aka shirya a saman Layer a ƙarƙashin rake. A kan gado gado ƙara ƙasa, humus, takin mai girma. Zaka iya amfani da taki kore - taki kore. Zai fi kyau shuka hatsi ko hatsin rai ba tare da zurfafa a cikin ƙasa ba. Kawai watsa tsaba a cikin ƙasa da tono gado. Idan ya cancanta, ruwa. A bu mai kyau mu rabu da keɓaɓɓun har sai lokacin bazara. A lokacin bazara, yanka taro na sama kuma amfani dashi don ciyawa shuka ko lokacin dasa shuki.

Ba za a iya yin gadaje da yawa ba. Addara kawai a shekara a cakuda kwayoyin halitta tare da ƙasa. Kafin dasa / shuka, sassauta babba 5-10 cm Layer kadan. Ana shayar da wannan bazara tare da ruwan zafi a cikin bazara, an rufe shi da kayan murfin, bambaro. Kwayoyin halitta "ƙonewa", wato, yana decomposes sosai tare da sakin zafi. Soilasa a cikin irin wannan gado tana yin kwana 6-12 cikin sauri sama da ƙasa. Gado mai dumi yana ba ku damar shuka seedlings a farkon (idan ya cancanta, a karkashin tsari) kuma ku sami amfanin gona na kayan lambu da ya gabata. Za'a iya kwantawa gadaje masu ɗorawa a cikin al'adun a cikin yankuna daban daban.

Kayayyaki

'Yan lambu sun yi amfani da akwatunan gado. Waɗannan sune ɗakunan katako guda ɗaya waɗanda aka dasa shuki a farkon bazara, kuma bayan an zaɓa, ana shuka irin kayan lambu a wuri mai ɗorewa. Suna da kyau saboda bayan samfur a kusan basa buƙatar shiri, tunda ƙasa don seedlings koyaushe yana shiri sosai kuma yana da isasshen taki.

Talakawa hanyar shirya wani lambu

Lambun gadaje

Gidajen lambun sun bayyana a kwanan nan kuma an riga an kimanta su a cikin wuraren da ke damuna da yanayin canjin yanayin.

Na'urar su tana maimaita ginin gadaje. Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a cikin labarin mai dacewa. Irin wannan gadaje yana da fa'idodi da yawa:

• a yankuna na arewacin, babban gado yana yanke ƙasa mai sanyi,
• over-ripening of Organic sharan gona Halicci farkon m kasar gona zazzabi, wanda gudu sama shuka / dasa na farko amfanin gona,
• lokacin yin ruwa, ruwa baya yaduwa.
• babu ciyawa
• mai sauki don yin faɗa tare da moles, an sa tushe daga kyawawan raga.

Gadaje-akwatuna a wuri guda na iya "aiki" har zuwa shekaru 6 ko fiye, idan an gina su sosai.

Rikicin Kulawa

Bayan shekaru 3, ainihin kwayoyin halitta zasu ƙone ƙone. Za a buƙaci ƙaramar ruwan tsabtace, a maye gurbinsu da sabon ƙasa, zai fi dacewa Organic, tare da mulching tare da cakuda-ƙasa mai cakuda. Saboda kada kasar gona ta cika zafi a cikin akwati, ana buƙatar yawan ruwa, wanda ke lalata tsarin ƙasa. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, ana buƙatar sabon yadudduka ƙasa don fara gado mai ɗumi, wanda ke rikitar da kulawa.

Kuma a lokaci guda, a cikin sanyi a arewacin akwatin-akwatin, wannan shine ci gaba a cikin kayan lambu na bude ƙasa.

Don shirya shafin don shuka iri, dole ne:

1. Babban aikin (girbi tsire-tsire, tono, takin ƙasa, datsewa, shuka ciyawar kore) ana yin su ne a cikin bazara, wanda zai baka damar samun lokacin shirya ƙasa don shuka shuki a farkon bazara.
2. A cikin bazara, da zaran da bushe surface na kasar gona damar, tsoratar game da za'ayi don rufe (riƙe) danshi. Idan ya cancanta, kasar gona ke mulched tare da mowed kore taki, m shavings, humus.
3. Tare da iska mai bushewa kuma don dumama cikin ƙasa, an rufe gadaje da lutrasil ko wasu kayan rufe. Wannan dabarar tana hanatar da zafin ƙasa har zuwa kwanaki 6-12.
4. Don samun girbin farkon, ana shirya gadaje masu ɗumi. Su za a iya dage farawa a cikin fall da kuma dumama sama na iya lalacewa ta hanyar ban ruwa tare da ruwan zafi ko a cikin bazara ta amfani da taki tare da bambaro a ƙarƙashin ƙasa Layer.

Mafi kyawun gadaje don kudu sune keɓaɓɓun, tsararre da kuma mahara.

Don yankuna masu sanyi tare da gajeren lokacin bazara da sanyi mai sanyi a cikin hunturu, amfanin gona na farkon kayan lambu sun fi girma a kan gadaje na lambu, gadaje na lambu, wanda ƙasa ba ta da alaƙa tare da babban ƙasa ta fi ƙarfin sauri.