Ana zuwa daga ƙasashen Bahar Rum da Kudancin Asia, hyacinths ya fara tashi a farkon bazara, yana farawa cikin iska tare da ƙamshi da hargitsi mai launi daga fari da dukkan tabarau masu launin shuɗi zuwa rawaya har ma da ɗaukar nauyi.
Kudancin arewacin Caucasus, ana samun furanni masu ƙanshi ko da a cikin daji. A kan duwatsun tuddai da kwaruruka zaka iya ganin yadda kibiyoyi masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda mai shuɗi suka fita daga dusar ƙanƙara. Ba shi da wahala a yi shuka hyacinths a bude ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin yanayin hunturu mai laushi da ƙasa mai sanyi.
Yana fitowa sama da ƙasa, ganye mai haske mai haske mai haske na shuka ya buɗe a hankali, kuma inflorescence-goga tare da 20-30 buds fara tashi daga tsakiya. Furanni na nau'in nau'in hyacinth na tubular, mai kamannin bakin ciki ko mai kararrawa, na iya zama na yau da kullun da na biyu, kuma koyaushe suna da ƙamshin da ba a sanu ba.
Yadda za a dasa hyacinth a tsakiyar layin, inda ƙasa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, yadda za a kula da shuka don samun saurin fure?
Zaɓin dasa kayan
Hyacinths sune tsire-tsire na bulbous na hali. Bulan kwan fitila na wannan nau'in:
- cikakken kafa ta shekaru 4-6;
- yana da sifa mai sihiri tare da sanannen wuyansa;
- ya kunshi sikeli da yawa, na ciki na da danshi da na falle, da na sama na bakin ciki da na waje kamar wanda yake kama da takarda.
Balagowar girma shine saboda sabuntawar da aka kafa a cikin zuciyar toho, wanda ya kunshi ganye da yawa da ganyayyaki da kuma makomar gaba. Kwararan fitila na tsofaffi na shekaru 5-6 a ƙasan ƙarƙashin ɓoyayyun ma'aunin ajiya suna haifar da rudiments 'yar kwararan fitila - yara.
Haka kuma, ya danganta da nau'in hyacinth, kwararan fitila zasu iya samun girma dabam. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kwararan fitila da ke ba da furanni masu ƙwaya kaɗan sun fi na al'ada.
- Idan za a girma hyacinths a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, a lokacin dasawa, kwan fitila ya zama na roba, tare da diamita na aƙalla 4 cm kuma ya kunshi sikelin ƙasa da yawa, ma'aunin ma'aunin 6-10 da sikelin cikakke koda.
- A saman farfajiyar kayan dasawa ya kamata ya zama babu lalacewar kayan kwalliya, burbushi na masana'anta, kurji na kurji ko yaushi.
- Kallon ƙasa, bulan fitila mai inganci, zaka iya ganin tsatsauran milimita na milimita biyu.
- Girman daskararren kwan fitila daya ne da rabi girman kasan.
Irin wannan kayan dasawa ba kawai zai sami nasarar dasa da hunturu ba, har ma a cikin bazara zai ba da fure mai yawa.
Zaɓin wuri don girma hyacinths a buɗe ƙasa
Kyakkyawan zaɓi na wurin dasa shuki hyacinths a cikin ƙasa buɗe da kula da tsire-tsire kafin da bayan fure shine mabuɗin fure tsawon fure.
Yankin da za a shuka hyacinth ya kamata ya kasance yana da fitila mai kyau, wanda yake da sauƙin samarwa a lokacin bazara, lokacin da har yanzu babu isasshen ganye. Amma kariya daga lambun fure daga iska dole ne a kula dashi.
Yawancin lambu suna yin kuskuren dasa kwararan fitila a ƙarƙashin kambi na bishiyoyi ko kusa da bushes mai tsayi. A gefe guda, irin wannan babban ciyayi zai kare inflorescences daga iska mai sanyi kuma bazai rufe ganyayyaki ba kafin yayi fure. A gefe guda, idan lokacin ya isa don tono hyacinths bayan fure a gonar, kwararan fitila na iya samun wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki don sake ƙarfin su, wanda zai shafi ingancin su.
- Hyacinths fi son sako-sako da ƙasa. Clay ƙasa ko chernozem zai fi kyau gauraye da peat ko yashi kogin.
- Haɓaka kwararan fitila da ingancin fure yana da nasaba da yawaitar kwayoyin halitta, amma sutturar miya tare da daskararren ciyayi na iya cutar da hyacinths.
- Acidity na ƙasa bai kamata ya wuce raka'a 6.5 ba, idan pH ya fi girma, an ƙara gari mai lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa.
Hyacinth kwararan fitila amsa musamman talauci don waterlogging. Idan ruwan cikin ƙasa ya kusanci ƙasa kusa da rabin mita, ana shirya tsaunuka masu yawa don dasa hyacinth ko magudanar ruwa mai ƙarfi. Don tabbatar da fitar ruwan bazara ko danshi, wani lokacin ana yin ƙaramin ɗabi'a.
Dukkanin ayyukan shirya don dasa shuki a cikin filin budewa da kuma kula da albasa ya fi kyau a ƙarshen bazara. A cikin wata daya ko biyu, kasar za ta yanke shawara, kuma dasa tushen kwararan fitila zai kasance cikin sauri da sauki.
Dasa hyacinths
Dugasa a ƙarƙashin hyacinths an haƙa da 40 cm kuma a lokaci guda ana amfani da abubuwan da ke ƙasa a kowace murabba'in mita:
- 10-15 kilogiram na taki mai kyau-humus ko humus;
- yashi da peat ya danganta da nau'in yanayin ƙasa;
- 250 grams na farar ƙasa ko 15 grams na magnesium sulfate;
- 200 grams na katako itace ash ko 30 grams na potassium sulfate;
- 60 zuwa 80 grams na superphosphate.
Idan kun yi girma hyacinths a cikin ƙasa don zama a kan yashi, matalauta a ma'adanai da kwayoyin, an bada shawarar ƙara yawan adadin da aka gabatar da potassium da magnesium sau ɗaya da rabi. Tushen tsire-tsire suna tattara danshi da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin radius na 15-20 cm daga kwan fitila. Saboda haka, ramin ramin da aka yi kusan wannan girman, yana zurfafa kasan hyacinth da matsakaita na 15 cm.
Smalleraramin kayan dasa, sama da kwararan fitila suna saka a cikin ƙasa kuma denser ɗin yana kan gadon filawa.
A cikin yankuna maras kyau, ana iya dasa hyacinth a kan yashi ta hanyar danna ɗan kwan fitila a ciki. Wannan zai kare tushen da tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya daga lalata da kamuwa da cuta. Kuna iya hanzarta dasa shuki ta dasa shuki da kwararan fitila a kan manyan tudu, wanda, tare da farkon bazara, zai dumama da sauri sosai fiye da yanki mai laushi.
Dasa kwanakin hyacinths don namo waje
A yawancin yankuna na Rasha, ana iya dasa hyacinth a cikin ƙasa daga farkon Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
- Idan kwararan fitila suka shiga ƙasa tun farko, ko kaka kaka tayi zafi sosai, tsirrai sun fara girma kuma suka mutu lokacin sanyi.
- Idan kun makara a cikin dasa, kwararan fitila ba zai da lokacin bada tushen ta lokacin da ƙasa zata daskarewa.
Koyaya, ana iya gyara kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa a farkon makon farko na Nuwamba. A saboda wannan, shafin saukowa dole ne a mulched wuri tare da foliage ko wasu kayan da suka dace kuma an rufe su da fim. Soilasa zata riƙe zafi, da kwararan fitila da za su faɗa ciki za su ɗauki girma kamar yadda ya kamata.
A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a rufe hyacinths daga sanyi tare da ciyawa daga peat, sawdust, foliage ko rassan spruce. Dole ne a cire tsari a farkon bazara don kar a lalata ɓarnar da ke fitowa.
Ciyar da hyacinth a filin bude da kula dasu
Bayan dasa shuki hyacinths, kulawa na waje yana saukowa zuwa kayan miya na yau da kullun, kwance ƙasa, shuka da shayarwa, musamman yayin saitin buds da fure.
- Nan da nan bayan bayyanar sprouts, hyacinths suna buƙatar farkon suturar farko a cikin nauyin 30 na ammonium nitrate a kowace murabba'in mita.
- Aikace-aikacen taki na biyu yana faruwa ne a lokacin tsufa daga cikin fure. A wannan yanayin, ba kawai gram 20 na ammonium nitrate a kowace mita ana ƙara a ƙarƙashin hyacinths ba, har ma 30 grams na potassium chloride da 40 grams na superphosphate.
- Lokacin da aka gama furanni, ana shuka tsirowar a cikin nauyin 40 grams na superphosphate da kuma adadin potassium chloride a kowace murabba'in murabba'in.
Dukkan manyan riguna an gabatar dasu ne a cikin hanyoyin ko kuma sarari tsakanin tsirrai, a rufe 10 cm, sannan kuma ana shayar da tsiron. Kuma kulawa da hyacinths bayan fure a gonar shima yana farawa da sha, wanda yake matuqar zama dole a farkon makonni biyu na farko bayan busassun fure.
Bayan kula da hyacinth na fure da girbi kwan fitila
Furen hyacinth mai ban sha'awa ne, amma ba da jimawa ba. Bayan fure ya bushe, shuka da sauri yayi asarar sakamako. Lokacin da hyacinths ya ɓace, me za a yi a gaba a gonar? Da farko dai, musamman idan an haɗe filayen kwararan fitila tare da wasu al'adun gargajiyar, ya kamata a lura da wuraren hyacinths. Bayan haka, ba da daɗewa ba, lokacin da ganye za su so, zai zama da matukar wahala a neme su. Sa'an nan kuma, tsire-tsire waɗanda ke mayar da ƙarfi bayan fure, kada ku ƙetare ingantaccen shayarwa da kuma kayan miya.
Idan a cikin yanayin Rum a cikin kwararan fitila da aka jure da kwararan fitila da kyau kuma sake farin ciki tare da kibiyoyi masu haske na inflorescences, to, a tsakiyar yankin zafi a lokacin tsananin hyacinths ana fili rasa. Don haka, kuna buƙatar tono hyacinths kowace shekara? Haka ne, yana da irin wannan ma'auni a cikin layin tsakiyar wanda zai taimaka ƙirƙirar yanayi mai mahimmanci don kwararan fitila don samarwa da haɓaka toho na diyya da kuma farkon kibiya ta gaba.
Idan lafiyayyun kwararan fitila na hyacinths a cikin yanayin zafi, ba tare da digging na bazara ba, barin don yin hunturu a cikin ƙasa, filawar su a shekara mai zuwa zai zama mai rauni sosai fiye da da. Masu lambu kawai a cikin Kuban, Caucasus na Arewa, Crimea da kuma Kudancin Yankin Black Earth ba zasu iya ɗaukar nauyin kansu tare da tono ƙwanƙwalwar shekara-shekara ba, kuma wannan kawai tare da lokacin zafi mai zafi. Yaushe don haƙa hyacinths bayan fure a gonar?
Mafi kyawun lokacin don cire kwararan fitila shine kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Yuni ko kwanakin farko na Yuli. A wannan lokacin, ganyayyaki sun juya launin rawaya da kuma rauni a gindin, yanzu zai zama da sauƙi a cire su.
Hyacinth Kwan fitila
Lokacin da kwararan fitila suna peeled, wanke da bushe:
- ana bincika su, raba marasa lafiya ko lalacewa yayin rami;
- Rarrabe yara masu buƙatar renon;
- an dasa kayan dasa tare da kwari da cututtuka don kwararan fitila.
Bayan haka, a cikin sati, ana ajiye kwararan fitila a zazzabi kamar + 18-20 ° C a cikin dakin da aka kwantar da shi kuma an shimfiɗa shi a cikin jakunkuna ko kwantena a cikin yadudduka 1-2.
Kula da hyacinths bayan fure a cikin lambun da adanar kwararan fitila shine mafi munin abin da ya faru ga mai kara.
A wannan lokacin, hyacinth murfin Sikeli bushe bushe, da shuka acclimatizes kuma a shirye domin na gaba mataki mataki, a lokacin da na watanni biyu da kwararan fitila ya kamata a zazzabi of + 30 ° C, isasshen zafi sosai da iska mai kyau. Wata daya kafin dasa shuki, zazzage iska zuwa + 17 ° C, domin kayan dasa su sami sauƙin canja wurin dasa shuki na hyacinths zuwa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa.
