Tsutsotsi (Pseudococcidae) - sunan gama gari ga kwari mai kwari na coccid suborder, hada mambobi daga cikin iyalin lamellar, giant, paranor ግዙፍ da powdery mealybugs, kuma kamar yadda aka ji, su 'yan uwan kwari ne. Wadannan kwari suna harba 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus, amaryllis, azaleas, bishiyar asparagus, cacti, lemons, dabino, fuchsias, inabi, camellia, cissus, gerbera, oleander, philodendron, anthurium, monstera, hibiscus, Kalanchoe, cactus. Sun zauna a kan harbe, mai tushe, ganye, ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itaciyar tsire-tsire, yana rage jinkirin ci gaba da bunƙasa su. Hanyar sarrafa ƙwayar mealybug tana cikin littafinmu.
Mealyworms (Pseudococcidae).
Menene mealybugs yayi kama?
Mealybugs, ko, kamar yadda ake kiran su da, shaggy lice, - tsotsa kwari, a bayyane bayyane tare da ido mai sauƙi. Sun sami sunan su godiya ga farin farin auduga-kamar waxy sallama. Larvae da manya mata tsotse matasa harbe, ganye, buds. Suna da ƙarfi ta hana tsirrai girma. Mafi yawan cin karo na mealybug shima yana cutar da tsarin tushe.
Kwayoyin suna da hannu sosai kuma suna motsawa sosai a kusan kowane zamani, an rufe shi da farin farin kakin zuma mai laushi, yawancin lokuta tare da faranti da kakin zuma akan gefen. Girman 3-6 (0.5-12) mm, ya dogara da nau'in.
Ana bayyana dimorphism (lokacin da mutane iri daya sukaada nau'i biyu da suka bambanta halayen dabi'un). Maza suna da fuka-fuki (yawanci biyun farko), an ɗago kafaɗun haɓaka, mahaifa yana da zaren wutsiya biyu. Ba a magana da bakin magana (maza ba sa cin abinci a cikin mazan jihar).
A cikin wasu nau'in, an rage ƙafafu ko ba a nan. Oirƙirin bakin yana tsotsa. Mafi yawancin kwari suna sa qwai, a cikin wasu nau'in mata suna da viviparous. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin farin farin-jakar fatar man fuska. Haihuwa tayi yawa; da yawa siffofin suna ba 2, wani lokacin har zuwa ƙarni 4 a kowace shekara.
Larvae na 1st shekara (tramps) na rayayye motsa a kusa da feed shuka, za a iya ɗauke ta iska. Bayan makale ga wata shuka, larvae rasa motsi; bayan molting, larvae na shekara mai zuwa suna sake neman wuraren da zasu ciyar. Matan manya na wasu nau'in za su iya rarrafe tare da shuka abincin. Kafin kwanciya kwai, da yawa siffofin barin wurin ciyar da tafi mafaka.
A cikin fauna na duniya, sama da nau'ikan tsutsotsi 1600 suna tartsatsi, amma galibi a cikin tsaunuka. Daga cikin tsutsotsi akwai kwari da yawa na 'ya'yan itace, masana'antu, kayan amfanin gona da tsire-tsire na kore. Mafi shahararrun sune plateworm na gidan kore, kwaro na Ostiraliya (kwaro na Citrus, abu mai keɓewa), ƙwaro na bamboo, ƙwayar Citrus, ƙwayar teku, kwari na innabi, kwari na dabbobi (kwaro na mulmula), da ƙwayar zaitun.
Wasu nau'in tsutsotsi suna ɓoye abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin fenti da masana'antar varnish (tsutsa varnish da cochineal, wanda ke ba da fenti ja - carmine).
Mealybug.
Mealybugs na iya samun sauƙin ganewa da farin auduga-kamar fat wax shafi, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna a fili bayyane ga tsirara ido. Ruwan asirin (raɓa na zuma) da naman alade da ke magance shi sune alamun cututtukan cututtukan da ke tattare da cutar.
Yin rigakafin
Gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun don lalacewa ta hanyar kwaro, musamman a cikin balaguro da kuma akan tsire-tsire musamman mai saukin kamuwa da lalacewa ta hanyar kare, kamar su croton, ficus, cacti, succulents, da wasu nau'o'in orchids. Wannan kwaro yana tsoron danshi, ya fi son yanayin bushe.
Ka kasance da tsabta, cire duk bushewar ganye. Tsirrai suna wanke kullun tare da ganye ba tsutsotsi suna fuskantar su ba.
Hanyar gwagwarmaya
Abu ne mai sauki mu sha wahala tare da shan wahala mai rauni. Yi amfani da burushi mai taushi ko auduga mai zazzagewa a cikin ruwa mai soapy don tsabtace tsutsotsi da farin auduga-kamar ɓoyayyun da suka kafa, sannan kuma fesa sau uku a tsaka-tsakin kwanakin 7-10 tare da maganin sabulu na kore (10-15 g a lita 1 na ruwa), jiko na taba , jiko na tafarnuwa ko decoction na cyclamen. Ana ba da sakamako mai kyau ga maganin barasa ko magani tare da tincture na calendula.
Idan akwai mummunan lalacewa, ban da lalacewa ta hannu, fesa tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 7-14 tare da ɗayan kwayoyi masu zuwa: Aktara, Biotlin, Calypso, Confidant, Confidor, Mospilan, Tanrek, Fitoverm. Wataƙila kuna gwada magunguna daban-daban kuma zaɓi mafi inganci.
Mealybugs a kan ganyen shuka.
Magungunan magungunan gargajiya
- Horsetail tincture. Yayi kyau sosai ga ruwa da kuma feshin tsire-tsire masu cututtukan ƙwayar cuta tare da tincture na horsetail. Ana sayar da horsetail a cikin magunguna kuma ana amfani dashi azaman diuretic, azaman tsarkakewar jini, da sauransu. Sunan Jamusanci shine Schachtelhalmtee.
- Pancake mako sprayer. 1 lita na ruwa an haɗe shi da cokali 2 na man zaitun, sannan ana shafa mai mai a cikin shuka (zai fi dacewa ta fesawa).
- Maganin giya tare da sabulu. Yin magani na shuka tare da cakuda 15 grams na sabulu mai ruwa, 10 ml na barasa mai ƙanshi (Brennspiritus) da lita 1 na ruwan dumi kuma zasu iya yin nasara.
- Tincture na tafarnuwa. Auki 4-5 cloves na tafarnuwa a cikin lita 0.5 na ruwa. Dole a kawo ruwa a tafasa, a yanka a tafarnuwa sosai ko a matse. Sannan dole ne a zuba tafarnuwa tare da ruwan zãfi, kuma nace aƙalla awa huɗu. An jiko jiko ba a diluted da amfani tare da buroshi zuwa ganyayyaki.
Chemical
Mafi kyawun lokacin amfani da magunguna shine lokacin da sabbin yaran da aka yiwa kyamar suka bar mahaifiyar mahaifiyarsu ko buhun kwai. Ba a haɗa su da kakin zuma mai kariya ba kuma suna da matukar rauni.
Matsalar sarrafa ƙwayar mealybug daidai take saboda ƙarni daban-daban na kwari suna kan shuka a lokaci guda, don haka amfani da kwaya ɗaya ya kashe matasa kaɗai, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci sababbi sai ƙyanku. A wannan batun, yakamata a sake yin amfani da magunguna sau da yawa a kowace kwanaki 7-14. A mafi girma mataki na ci gaban larvae, da mafi wuya shi ne magance su.
A halin yanzu, ana sayar da dumbin ƙwayoyi masu guba a cikin shagunan, ciki har da nau'in masu siyar da mai siyarwa. Bayan amfani da su zuwa ga shuka, kayan sunadarai masu kariya suna farawa kuma suna shiga cikin ruwan lemon. Kwari za su tsotse irin wannan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da wani irin abincin.
Da kyau sosai a cikin yaƙar mealybugs sun tabbatar da kansu magunguna waɗanda, ban da abubuwa masu aiki da kayan halitta, suma suna da mai. Koyaya, akwai aibobi da yawa anan. Wadannan magungunan yakamata ayi amfani dasu kawai ga wuraren da cutar ta shafa da kuma wuraren da ake tunanin yiwuwar mafaka ta kwari.
Lokacin amfani da sprays kafin amfani, ya zama dole a hankali karanta abin da mafi ƙarancin nisa ga shuka ya kamata lokacin amfani, tunda fesawa na iya lalata ganyayyaki sosai.
Hakanan zaka iya nemo wasu manya manya manya da ake kira dutsen itace a siyar. Ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa, ban da abubuwa masu kariya, waɗannan samfuran ma sun ƙunshi takin zamani, sabili da haka, kafin aikace-aikacen, ya zama dole a yi nazarin abubuwan haɗin su sosai, tunda tushen nau'in tsire-tsire masu yawa suna da matukar damuwa ga nau'ikan gishiri, kuma suna iya ƙonewa da sauri. Ga waɗannan nau'ikan, waɗannan kwayoyi ba su yarda da su ba. Wani lokaci dilution na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen kawo takin da magani ga asalin sa a cikin tsari mai sauƙi.
Lokacin sarrafa mealybug, yana da mahimmanci don maimaita hanyoyin don haɗuwa da sinadarai don hana bayyanar sabon, mafi tsayayyen ƙarni, saboda haka ya kamata a hankali kula da tsawon lokacin da aka sake bayyanar da aka nuna akan kunshin.
Mealybugs a kan ganyen shuka.
Iri na Mealybugs
Mealybug
Mealybug (Maganin Pseudococcus longispinus) - cutar da tsirrai na mace da larvae. Jikin mace mai girma na 3.5 mm yana da elongated-oval a siffar, orange ko ruwan hoda mai launi, an rufe shi da farin rufe. Tsutsa tana da kafaffun haɓaka, don haka cikin sauƙi za su iya motsawa daga shuka zuwa shuka. Mace suna viviparous. Yawancin lokaci suna tarawa a cikin nau'i na mazauna a ƙasan ganye, akan rassa, a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki da kuma a kan ƙarar matasa na harbe.
Tsutsotsi na bristle babban kwari ne, ana iya ganinsu a jikin shuka saboda farin farin da ke rufe jikinta, da fararen fat da ke haifar da siket na auduga. Ganyayyaki masu lalacewa sun juya ya zama rawaya kuma ya faɗi. Abun harbi An dauki tsutsotsi a ƙarƙashin haushi da 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus kuma a ƙarƙashin sikelin kwararan fitila a cikin kwararan fitila. Lalacewa da tsutsa tsirrai suna karfi da hana, lagging a baya a cikin girma, ganye juya rawaya da kuma fada a kashe. Soty naman gwari zai iya tsayawa akan yadda tsutsotsi suke fitarwa.
Mealy mealybug
Mealy mealybug (Pseudococcus citri) - jikin mace kyakkyawa ne mai kamanni, ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda mai launi, an rufe shi da farin lullube fulawa. Kafafu suna da kyau. Maza suna da matukar wuya. Hatching larvae yada a ko'ina cikin shuka, a harbe, a kan ganye tare da babban veins. Tare da mummunan shan kashi, tsutsotsi suna samar da manyan mazaunan da ke shayar da duk ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka. Bar juya launin rawaya, harbe bushe fita. Soty fungi shirya a kan kwari na tsutsotsi.
Powdery mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus).
Mealy mealybug (Pseudococcus citri).
Seaside mealybug (Pseudococcus affinis).
Ruwan teku Mealybug
Ruwan teku Mealybug (Karin affinis) - yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan tsutsotsi. Jikin mace mai balagaggu elongated-oval, tsawon mm 3-4, tsawon 2-2.5 mm, launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, an rufe shi da farin farin powdery. Kafafu suna da kyau.
Maza sun fi ƙanƙanana, fikafikan, tashi duk lokacin rani. Mace suna saka ƙwai a cikin jakunan kwai, waɗanda suke fararen fata ne, masu ƙyalƙyali, marasa fasasshen kayan gizo-gizo. Yawancin lokaci mata masu oviparous suna ɓoye cikin wuraren ɓoye: fasa a cikin haushi, a cikin ganye mai murɗa, a cikin cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan. Larvae wasu ƙananan, wayoyin hannu, rawaya, gaba ɗaya ba tare da laka da kakin zuma.
Nan da nan suka yada cikin tsire-tsire, ta hanyar iska, mutum da dabbobi zuwa wasu tsire-tsire. Larvae juya zuwa cikin kwaro na manya bayan watanni 1-1.5. Tsotsa dukkanin ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka, suna haifar da jinkirin ci gaba, sannan kuma mutuwar shuka. Lura da tsire-tsire masu lalacewa suna yin rauni kuma kar a yi fure. Soty fungi shirya a kan kwari na tsutsotsi. Bar ya juya rawaya ya faɗi.
Muna fatan cewa nasihun mu game da yakar tsutsa zasu taimaka muku! Jiran ra'ayoyinku!
