Kyakkyawan ƙauna da tsufa na asalin camellias ya zama tushen tatsuniyoyi da yawa da kuma labarin da ke da alaƙa da wannan fure. A cewar almara, camellias kyawawan furanni ne, amma ba ruwansu - wata alama ce ta sanyi da rashin tausayi, alama ce kyakkyawa, amma mata marasa tausayi waɗanda ba sa ƙauna, raini da kuma lalata.
Camellia ɗan Jafananci ne. NaitokzAkwai irin wannan tatsuniya game da abin da ya faru na camellia a duniya.
Erotu (Cupid), ya ciyar da ƙaunar gumakan Olympus da mata na duniya, mahaifiyarsa Aphrodite (Venus) ta shawarce shi ya tashi zuwa wata duniyar. A ranar Saturn, ya ji motsin muryar mala'iku kuma ya ga kyawawan mata masu farin jini, gashi mai siliki da idanu masu shuɗi. Suna raira waƙar yabo ga Ubangiji cewa ya ba su jiki mai yawan kankara, wanda ke kwantar da sha'awa da kuma shafe dukkan sha'awoyi. Sun kalli Eros, suna sha'awar kyawunsa, amma ba su kula da shi ba. A banza ya harba kibansa. Bayan haka, cikin matsananciyar damuwa, ya garzaya zuwa Aphrodite, wanda, cikin fushi da irin wannan matan marasa son kai kamar marasa son rai, ya yanke shawarar cewa wadannan halittun da basu da halin zama sun cancanci zama mata kuma dole ne su sauko duniya su zama furanni. Kuma waɗannan kyawawan, amma halittun marasa rai sun juya zuwa kyandir.
Camellia (Latin Camellia) asalin halittar bishiyoyi ne ko bishiyu na dangin Tea (Theaceae).
Harshen kyautar camellia ya sami sunan ta a cikin girmamawa ga masanin dabi'ar Moravia kuma firist George Joseph Kamelius (1661-1706), wanda ya fara kawo camellia zuwa Turai daga Philippines.
Camellia dutse ne. Vicki DeLoachA cikin halittar Camellia (Camellia L.), akwai kusan nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire 80 na dangin shayi. Aka rarrabu cikin yankuna masu zafi da yankuna na kudu maso gabas da gabashin Asiya, akan tsibirin Indochina, Korea, Japan, tsibiran Java, Sulawesi, da Philippines.
Wakilan halittar halittar bishiyoyi masu ban tsoro ko kananan bishiyoyi. Ganyayyaki masu sauƙi ne, masu halin elliptical zuwa ko'ina kuma mai zurfin-ovate, leathery, mai sheki, nuna ko bakin ciki, ɗaya a lokaci guda, wani lokacin 2-3; petals sun haɗu a gindi, ruwan hoda, ja, fari ko mai mottled, adon ƙasa da yawa.
Wasu nau'ikan suna yaduwa kamar kyawawan kayan ado na fure da tsire-tsire masu fure; ana amfani da su sosai don shimfidar wurare, ƙirƙirar bayani a cikin shakatawa a lokacin bazara.
A cikin dakin, camellia ya girma, fure, har ma yana bada 'ya'ya, idan an ba shi da kulawa ta dace. Babban dalilan gazawar na mai son ƙoƙarin haɓaka camellia a gida: ƙarancin zafi, rashin haske, yanayin zafi da yanayin ƙasa wanda bai dace ba. Yana fure a cikin hunturu a zazzabi da bai wuce 12 ° C ba. Lokacin fure a cikin daji na camellia shine watanni 1-3. Floweraya daga cikin fure yana wuce har zuwa wata daya. A cikin al'adun daki, camellia tana da lokutan girma biyu: a cikin watan Fabrairu, sabbin ganye suna bayyana kuma harbe-harbe matasa sun fara girma, a lokacin bazara akwai samuwar ciyayi wanda zai girma ne bayan fure, a lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa.
Camellia ɗan Jafananci ne. © Drew AveryKulawa
Camellia ya fi son haske ya shimfiɗa haske mai kyau, ya dace da girma a windows na bayanin yamma da gabas. A tagogin windows na kudu, ana bayar da tsire tare da shayin daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A tagogin windows na arewa, mai tsire-tsire bazai da isasshen haske don ci gaban al'ada. Don haka kambi ba shi da gefe ɗaya, ana iya juyar da tsire-tsire zuwa haske. Sai kawai a cikin wani hali yin wannan a lokacin budding: ta da damuwa da shuka a wannan lokacin, za ka cimma saukar da buds.
A lokacin rani, ana iya fallasar da shuka zuwa sararin samaniya, a wani wuri mai kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, camellia fi son yanayin zafi a cikin yankin na 20-25 ° C. Don sanya fure na fure, ana buƙatar zafin jiki na 18-20 ° C, kuma a lokacin fure a watan Disamba - Fabrairu, akasin haka, 8-12 ° C. A mafi yawan zafin jiki, fure yana faruwa a baya, amma ingancin furanni zai zama mafi muni, akwai haɗarin faduwa budadden kwari. Tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana, fure fure kuma zasu iya faruwa a zazzabi na 8-10 ° C.
Camellia na buƙatar samun damar tsaftataccen iska.
Camellia dutse ne. Ga Yakubu GayaA lokacin rani, ana shayar da camellias a ko'ina, yalwace, bayan saman Layer na substrate bushewa, camellias bai kamata a zuba. Tare da abun ciki mai sanyi a cikin hunturu, don guje wa acidification na ƙasa, ruwa a hankali. Sakamakon acidification na kasar gona, ganyayyakin sun zama launin ruwan kasa, kuma furannin fure sun mutu. Daga bushewa mai tsawo, tsire-tsire sun sauke ganye. Itace baya yarda da karuwar abun da ke cikin alli a cikin ruwa, don haka ya kamata a shayar dashi tare da tsaftataccen ruwa.
Camellia ya fi son zafi mai zafi, yana da kyau a fesa shi a kai a kai tare da ruwa mai laushi, sanya ruwa a ciki, sanya tukwane da tsire-tsire akan tray tare da yumɓu da ke daɗaɗɗa ko peat. A lokacin furanni, ana fesa su a hankali, suna guje wa danshi kan furanni.
Sau ɗaya a kowane mako uku, ana ciyar da camellias tare da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai a cikin 1 g / l. Ana ciyar da ciyar da duk shekara.
Camellias sune tsire-tsire na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma don alamar shafi da ci gaban al'ada na fure fure, hasken rana 12-14 na rana yana da kyau sosai. Don sanya fure mai fure, tsire-tsire mazan ma suna buƙatar zazzabi na 18-20 ° C; lokacin girma a cikin yanayin low zafin jiki da kuma a cikin wani wuri shaded, flower fure ba aza. A lokacin furanni (Disamba-Fabrairu) ana kiyaye camellias a zazzabi na 8-10 ° C (12 ° C); a mafi yawan zazzabi (18-20 ° C) akwai ciyayi wanda ba a fara haihuwa ba, yayin da ingancin furanni ya yi muni, kuma buds ta faɗi; an kuma lura da ƙarshen lokacin da aka dasa tsire-tsire a cikin lokacin da ake buduwa zuwa wani wuri (canji a cikin tsarin haske yana shafar). A cikin yankuna tare da gajerun awoyi na hasken rana, fure na fure na iya faruwa a zazzabi na 8-10 ° C.
A watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, ana dasa harbe don ta da haɓakar ƙwayoyin axillary.
Camellia ɗan Jafananci ne. J marayuMatasa camellias suna dasawa a kowace shekara. Shuke-shuke da ake yin fure a kowace shekara ana yin shuka a kowace shekara 2. Ana aiwatar da aikin dasawa a cikin bazara, yayin da firan harbe suke zube don su sanya reshen shuka mafi kyau. Don camellias, an zaɓi ƙasa mai acidic (pH 4.5-5). Daga cikin tsire-tsire masu zurfi da yawa, camellias suna da iko na musamman don girma akan ƙasa na acidic tare da pH na 4 ko ƙananan. Abun da keɓaɓɓen na substrate na iya zama kamar haka: Turf - 1 hour, peat - 2 hours, Heather ko ganye - 2 hours, yashi - 1 awa. Yawancin tsire-tsire na Kadok ba sa yin saurin shuka, amma yayyafa ƙasa da takin ƙasa ta zama dole. A kasan tanki na samar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
Kiwo
Hanya mafi inganci don yada camellias shine iri.
Sabbin tsaba da aka yanyanka suna buƙatar yin shuka nan da nan (suna rasa asarar su da sauri, saboda suna ɗauke da adadin mai) a cakuda peat doki da yashi (1: 1). Babban zazzabi a lokacin tsiro (20-22 ° C) na iya haɓaka haɓakar seedlings, wanda ke ɗauka daga makonni da yawa zuwa shekara guda.
Shuke-shuke da aka samo daga tsaba cikin sauƙin daidaitawa ga yanayin m kuma suna girma da sauri. Wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan suna iya yin fure a cikin shekara ta 2-3 bayan shuka (yawanci wannan yana faruwa a shekara ta 5-7).
Varietal camellias an fi yada shi ta hanyar wasu dabbobin da aka raba, wanda aka yanka a rabi na biyu na bazara. Don tsire-tsire don saurin sauri, ana yada su ta hanyar grafting akan tsire-tsire da aka samo daga tsaba. Ana yin mafi alurar riga kafi makonni uku kafin farkon lokacin bazara girma.
Ofayan mafi ƙarancin hanyoyin cinye lokaci na yaduwar camellias shine sanya iska, wanda ke sa ya yiwu a sami tsire-tsire masu fure mai ƙoshin lafiya a shekara ta biyu.
Dabbobi
Camellia dutsen (Camellia sasanqua)
Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji a tsibirin Kyushu, Okinawa. Shayarwa har zuwa 3-4 (har zuwa 5) m tsayi, tare da rassa na bakin ciki da kuma shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki suna elliptical ko oblong-ovate, 3-7 cm tsawo, 1.5-3 cm m, bluntly nuna, serrate tare da gefuna, m da duhu kore sama, tare da m pubescent midrib a kasa. Furannin suna da guda ɗaya ko aka tattara 2-3, har zuwa 6-7 cm a diamita, mai sauƙi, fari, ruwan hoda ko ja, mai kamshi. Yana blooms profusely a watan Nuwamba da Janairu. Kamar yadda evergreens da fure shuke-shuke a cikin al'adun bred, yafi lambu iri. Ya dace da dakuna masu sanyi.
Camellia dutse ne. M a n u e lKasar Sin Camellia (Camellia sinensis), ko Tea Bush (Thea sinensis)
Shayarwa ko bishiyoyi har tsawon 10-15. Ganyen ba ya tsallake ko silali, 5-10 cm tsayi kuma tsawon 2-4 cm, kaifi mai kaifi a gefuna, kore mai duhu da haske a saman; ƙaramin farin-matasa, sannan ba komai. Furannin an shirya furanni daya ne a lokaci guda ko kuma a tattara su 2-3, akan gajerun furen, axillary, galibi fari. An san nau'ikan jinsin cikin al'ada; wadataccen yanki a cikin yankuna marasa ƙarfi, musamman ma cikin wuraren gumi. Akwai da yawa nau'i. Shan shayi yana dauke da tannin da maganin kafeyin, tonic ne. Ya danganta da sarrafa sabon ganye kore ganye da kuma saman harbe, baƙar fata, baƙar fata, kora da koren tiled shayi (ana sarrafa koren shayi ba tare da fermentation). A waje da yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ana shuka tsire-tsire na shayi a cikin lambunan Botanical, a cikin greenhouses masu sanyi.
Camellia Sinanci ne. X dxnitaliaJafananci (camellia japonica)
Ana samo shi a cikin gandun daji a China, Japan, Korea. Tsutsaye ko bishiyoyi 10-12 (har zuwa 15) tsayi. Ganyayyaki suna elliptical ko tsallake, 5-10 cm tsayi, nuna, kaifi, serrate, fata, m, kore kore. Furannin furanni sune keɓewa ko tattara a cikin da yawa, 4 cm a diamita (a cikin al'adun da suke noma galibi nau'ikan lambun tare da manyan, 7-12 cm a diamita, fure), mai sauƙi, Semi biyu ko biyu, ruwan hoda, ja, fararen fata, ya bambanta, tsaba suna da girma, kusan zagaye. Blooms profusely a watan Disamba da Afrilu. Daban-daban siffofin suna tartsatsi a cikin al'adun, amma galibi iri iri, wanda ya bambanta a mataki na terry, flower size, tsari na petals da launi. A waje na subtropics, shuka wanda aka fi sani da al'ada, an girma a cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi kamar daskararren, shuka mai kama da bututu kuma a cikin ƙasa; yayi girma kuma yayi fure da kyau a cikin dakuna, baya buƙatar sama da 12 ° C a cikin hunturu. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin gidajen yara.
Camellia ɗan Jafananci ne. El yar kwalliyaCutar da kwari
Sakamakon wasu cututtukan fungal, launin toka-mai launin shuɗi ya bayyana akan ganyayyaki da launin ruwan kasa - a kan fure, dangane da mummunar lalacewa - ya biyo baya ta furen fure. Ana iya amfani da shirye-shiryen Fungicidal, amma yana da kyau a jefa ƙwayar da ta kamu da ita. Moistureataccen ƙasa danshi yana haifar da lalacewar tushen.
Oidium, wanda ke bayyana kansa azaman launin toka a cikin ganyayyaki, za'a iya kawar dashi tare da sulfur ko wani magani na fungicidal. Camellia yana kula da kwayar cutar kokwamba, wanda ke haifar da rawayawar hanji na ganye. Aphids da mealybugs suna ciyar da ruwan juji na shuka kuma, ƙari, ɓoye rami, wanda niello ke haɓaka. Wadannan kwari ana zubar da su ta hanyar magance tare da auduga swab ko goga tsoma a cikin barasa, ko tare da kwari na musamman (da aphids da anti-colic kwayoyi). Babban matsala ga camellias shine kawai Scosar - nau'in ɓarke-weevil, wanda larvae ya lalata tushen, kuma ƙwayoyin tsofaffi suna lalata tushen wuya, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuka. An zubar da wannan kwaro tare da bayani na shirye-shiryen da suka dace, suna fesa shi tare da ɓangaren tsire-tsire ko sanyaya ƙasa tare da shi.
