Na cikin gida: iri, hotuna, kulawa gida

Itatuwan tsire-tsire mafi tsufa sun girma a cikin gidajen kore a zamanin Victoria. Kuma har yanzu waɗannan kyawawan furannin furanni masu ban mamaki suna da mashahuri sosai. Ferns na gida yana ƙawata gidaje da gidaje. Girman girma, ana dasa tsire-tsire a ofisoshi, otal-otal da cibiyoyi daban-daban.

Yawancin waɗannan tsirrai suna da ikon tsira daga bala'o'i daban-daban kuma suna tsira a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da sauƙin girma a gida. Koyaya, don fern don farantawa rayuwarsa kyawu da ƙoshin lafiya, ya wajaba don sanin kanka da wasu ƙa'idodi don kulawa.

Bayani, iri da hotunan ferns na gida

All ferns ne perennial ƙasa epiphytic shuke-shuke. Suna da gajerun rhizomes da ganyen dissected. A kan mai tushe yaduwar ganye tare da ganye, suma suna samarwa madaukai na ƙasa waɗanda ke shiga cikin sauri tare da ƙasa. Asan ƙasa a cikin ganyayyakin shuka su ne sporangia.

A yanayi, sama da nau'ikan 10,000 na ruwa, ƙasa, ciyawa, da itacen-kamar ferns ke tsiro. Ya danganta da rarrabuwa, za su iya girma a cikin gandun daji, a cikin fadama kan ciyawa ko makiyaya. A cikin su akwai jarirai da ƙattaiwanda tsawon ganye ya fi rabin mita. A cikin tsire-tsire masu ƙiba, ganyayyaki suna da taushi, watsa su ƙaƙƙarfa, kuma suna da haske mai launin kore. Fuskokin fari-masu jure farin ruwa ana san su da ganyayen fata, wani lokacin tare da kayan shafa mai ƙanshi.

Iri na cikin gida Ferns

Yau yawancin nau'ikan fern iri da suka dace da namo a gida. Mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu sune:

1. Nephrolepis shine mafi ƙarancin fassara kuma sanannun nau'in fern gida. Yana fasalin rosette mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka samo ta hanyar budework tare da spores akan ciki. Tsawon kowane takardar ya kai 45-50 cm.
2. An bambanta davallia ko madaidaiciyar paw ta shuɗi shaggy wanda yake rataye a gefunan masu rataye. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa suna kwarara tare da ganyayyaki kore mai ganye
3. Platicerium wata itaciya ce wacce ganyayenta ke tsiro a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban kuma suna da alaƙa da ƙahon barewa. Matsakaicinsa tare da ganye mai launin ruwan kasa yayi kama da shugaban kabeji.
4. Asplenium ko ossicle daga wasu nau'ikan nau'in fern sun bambanta a cikin rarrabuwa, ganyayen ganye a gefen. Gaskiya ba ya son lokacin da ganyensa suka taɓa.
5. Blechnum ko derbyanka tare da tsarinta sunyi kama da itacen dabino. A cikin tsohuwar shuka, kambi ya kai mita ɗaya a diamita kuma ya ƙunshi wuya wai.
6. Disconia a matsayin houseplant za a iya girma kawai a ƙarami. A tsawon lokaci, yakan girma zuwa itacen tsayi, tsayinsa wanda zai iya kaiwa zuwa 3-6 m.
7. Ana rarrabe polypodium ko millipede ta ganyayyaki da aka watsa sosai Rahian itace na ca plantan shuka da dunkule a farfajiya, kuma daji da kansa ya sami damar girma a cikin iska.

Yadda ake kulawa da fern a gida?

Haɓaka aiki da kyakkyawan bayyanar shuka kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin girma da kuma bin ka'idodi don kulawa.

Haske da zazzabi

Ferns na cikin gida suna buƙatar ingantaccen lit, amma an kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Mutane da yawa lambu kuskure yi imani da cewa wadannan tsire-tsire ne mai inuwa m. Koyaya, a cikin inuwa, ɗan itacen zai daina yin girma har ma ya mutu. Saboda haka saboda ganye ya kasance babba da lafiyakuma, yaduwa amma ana buƙatar haske mai haske. Zai fi kyau a sanya ko a rataya tukunyar murfin kusa da taga kudu maso yamma.

Shrubs suna jin daɗi a cikin ɗakuna tare da yawan zafin jiki a cikin + 15- + 22 digiri. Koyaya wasu nau'in ferns suna cikin wasu rukunoniwanda ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar takamaiman yanayi:

1. Don polypodium da pellet, yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu ya kamata ya zama kimanin +12 digiri.
2. Asplenium, platycerium, nephrolepis da adiantum sune tsire-tsire masu ƙuna zafi, don haka zafin jiki na iska yayin narkarwar su kada ya faɗi ƙasa + digiri 18.

Ya kamata a sani cewa duk nau'ikan ferns kamar wuraren da ke da iska, kuma kada ku yi haƙuri da iska mai sanyi. A lokacin rani, tukwane da tsire-tsire ana iya sanya su a cikin lambu ko a baranda, a wani wuri da aka kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

Watering da zafi

Lokacin da ake kula da ferns a gida, ana buƙatar takaddun shayarwa don shayarwa. Itace yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. Kuna buƙatar shayar dashi akai-akaida zaran ruwan sama ya bushe kadan. Yanayin ingantaccen shara yana dogara da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin. A lokacin zafi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sau da yawa a mako.

Tsawon bushewa na kasar gona yana cutarwa ga ferns. Ya kamata ku sani cewa furanni da ya kasance cikin busasshiyar yumɓun ƙasa da yawa kwanaki ba zai murmure bayan ya sha ruwa ba.

Wuce hadadden danshi domin tushen tsiro shima cutarwa ne. Abin da ya sa aka dasa ferns a cikin kasa-drained kasa sabõda haka, wuce haddi danshi nan da nan drains. Don ciyawar ciyawa, ana bada shawara don amfani da ruwa mai laushi a zazzabi a ɗakin.. Yana da kyau a tafasa ko a bar shi a tsawan kwanaki.

Ferns suna matukar son zafi sosai. Sun amsa da kyau don feshin yau da kullun. A cikin yanayin zafi da a cikin ɗakunan da batir ya kunna, shuka yana buƙatar yayyafa sau da yawa a rana ko amfani da hurawa na musamman. Hakanan ana bada shawarar shrubs lokaci-lokaci shawa.

Manyan miya

Idan yayin girma girma shuka ba ya karbar kayan abinci masu mahimmanci, launin da ganyensa zai fara zama mai haske sosai, sannan za su fara jujjuya launin rawaya da bushe. Sabili da haka, sau ɗaya a mako a gida, ya kamata a ciyar da ciyawa tare da takaddun takaddun ruwa na musamman.

Daga ƙarshen Oktoba har zuwa tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, maɓallin gidan ya buƙaci ninka sau uku. Idan a wannan lokacin an adana fern a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, to lallai zai zama dole ba kawai a daina ciyar da abinci ba, har ma don rage shayar da rabi.

Amfani dashi

Kulawar cikin gida ta hada da canza shekar da tsire-tsire matasa na shekara-shekara. Itatuwan tsire-tsire na tsofaffi kawai bayan tushen sun cika tukunya gaba ɗaya.

A wahalar ya ta'allaka ne cewa dazuzzuka suna jure yanayin dasawa kuma yana iya murmurewa bayan shi tsawon watanni. Saboda haka An bada shawarar hanyar nutsuwasake dasa wata shuka daga tukunya zuwa wani ba tare da an kawar da tushen duniya ba.

Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine bazara. Don karama, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar babban furen fure da ƙananan ƙasa tare da acidity daga 5.0 zuwa 6.6 pH. Don shirin kanka na cakuda da earthen kana buƙatar haɗawa:

• peat - 1 sashi;
• humus - 1 sashi;
• takardar ƙasa - 1 sashi;
• abincin kashi - kashi 1/5.

A kasan tukunya, wanda ya kamata ya zama 5 cm mafi girma fiye da wanda ya gabata, an zuba magudanar farko, sannan gansakuka ke yaduwa, kuma ana zuba magin ɗin. An dasa shuka kuma tushen sa ya yi barci yumbu hade da cewa babu wani rashin kome a tsakani.

Nan da nan bayan dasa kuma zuwa wani makonni biyu, shuka yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa.

Yaduwa na ferns

Tsirrai suna haifuwa ta hanyoyi biyu:

• jayayya;
• raba daji.

A dabi'a, ferns suna haifuwa ta hanyar spores, duk da haka, wannan tsari ne mai matukar wahala da ɗaukar hoto. A gida, ana dasa bishiyoyi mafi kyau yayin dasa shi ta hanyar rarraba daji.

An bada shawara don raba kwasfa na matasa daga shuka. Dole ne a yi wannan tare da taka tsantsan.saboda hanyar ba ta lalata asalin sa. Idan za ta yiwu, suna buƙatar ajiye ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Delenki ƙasar a cikin ƙaramin tukwane da tashi a cikin wani dakin dumi a cikin wani wuri da-lit. A lokacin karbuwa da tushe duk abubuwan da suka zama dole dole ne a kirkira don tsirrai matasa. Suna bukatar babban zafi da kuma yawan ruwa. Rashin ɗayan ko ɗayan akan shuka zai zama mai lalata.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa da kulawa ta fern

Idan shuka haifar da yanayin zama dole da kuma kula da shi bisa yarda da duk ka'idodi, to lallai ya kamata a sami matsala tare da tsarin narkar. Koyaya, a cikin yanayi na cikin gida, wasu kwari zasu iya shafar kwari:

1. Aphids, thrips da sikelin kwari zasu iya bayyana akan shuka idan ɗakin ya bushe. Saboda haka, lokacin da kake kula da fern, ana buƙatar sa spraying akai-akai. Idan kwari suka bayyana, to ana kula da tsiron tare da sunadarai na musamman.
2. Nematode yana shafan ciyayi da aka shayar dasu tare da ruwan sanyi mai yawa na sinadarin chlorine. Tsire-tsire da wannan kwari suka shafa ya juya ya zama rawaya kuma ganyayyakin ya bushe. Dole ne a sanya daji cikin gaggawa cikin sabuwar ƙasa, tun da farko an kula da tsiron da kwari. Amma wannan hanyar bazai taimaka fern ba.

A lokacin da girma fern a cikin m yanayi domin ita, yana iya amsawa ta hanyar sanya launin rawaya da bushewa ganyayyaki. Babban dalilan bushewar ganyayyaki ana bada shawarar yin nazari:

1. Watering tare da ruwan sanyi.
2. Watering tare da babban abun cikin chlorine.
3. Rubutun
4. Shuka shuka a cikin dakin mai sanyi sosai.
5. Bayyanar hasken rana kai tsaye.
6. Babban zafin jiki da bushewar iska a cikin gida.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa launin ruwan kasa-dige dake ƙasa a ƙasa da ɓarin ganye na fern ganye sune spores na shuka, wanda wasu yan lambu ke ɗauka don kwari.

Zabi fern a matsayin fure na gida, ba za ku yi nadama ba. Wadannan tsirrai masu ban mamaki suna rayuwa kuma suna girma sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.. Kuma tare da kulawa da kyau, suna kama da launi masu kyau da kyau, suna ado ɗakin kuma suna tuno dajin.