Wanene a cikinmu baya son dankali mai daɗi da aka shuka akan rukunin namu? A halin yanzu, masu shayarwa sun ba da nau'ikan dankali iri iri sama da 2,000, amma don samun amfanin gona mai inganci kuma dukkansu suna buƙatar kariya daga kwari da cututtuka. Har zuwa wannan, ƙwararrun masana sun haɓaka magunguna, amfanin da ke rage lalacewar wannan al'adar ta hanyar kwari kuma yana ba da damar ƙaruwa sosai. Shirye-shirye zasu haɓaka tasirinsu idan kun bi wasu ƙa'idodi yayin shirya tubers dankalin turawa.
DankaliDaga mummunan zuriya ba sa tsammanin girbi mai kyau
Don hana kurakurai (musamman ga masu farawa lambu), kuna buƙatar yin tsayar da kiyaye ƙa'idodi da yawa:
- kar a dasa ragowar dankalin da ba a amfani da su a lokacin hunturu.
- Kada ku dasa cakuda ruwan magani.
- Kada ku shuka dankalin turawa, marasa magani.
A gida, abu ne mai ma'ana a shuka dankali, da matsakaici, da matsakaici, waɗancan ire-iren waɗanda suke ba da amfanin gona a ranar 80-90, 100-115, da kwanaki 115-125 bayan dasawa. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna iya sarrafa tsiro a yankuna tare da ɗan kankanin lokaci.
Dokoki don sayan kayan shuka
Dandana lambu da kansa shirya dasa kayan, nuna mafi halayyar nan gaba dasa dankalin turawa, bushes na iri da ake so.
Ga masu farawa, yana da kyau ka sayi dankali don shuka, ana bin ƙa'idodi da yawa:
- Kada ku sayi kayan dasa abubuwa a wajaje masu fita tare da hanyoyin;
- saya kayan dasa kawai daga kamfanoni na musamman ko kuma gonaki waɗanda ke tsunduma cikin zuriyar shuka;
- sayi nau'ikan da aka zana, bayar da fifiko ga nau'ikan sanannun tsakanin masu noman dankalin turawa.
Kowace irin dankalin turawa a koyaushe yana tare da taƙaitaccen bayanin. Noman gonar suna da kundin adireshi tare da bayanan iri. Kowace iri-iri ana alamu da alamu na waje: wuri, girma da siffar idanu, launi fata, siffar tubers, girman su. Idan alamun dankali iri da aka sayi ya sha bamban da juna, hakan yana nuna cewa ire-iren ire-iren wayoyi sun mamaye kasuwar.
Dankalin dankalin TurawaAbin da tubers aka zaɓi don dasa?
An sayi kayan dasa a gida nan da nan. Marasa lafiya, lalace, ba m da halaye na iri-iri an ƙi. Ana rarraba nau'ikan lafiya mai lafiya ta hanyar nauyi a cikin ƙananan, matsakaici da manyan tubers, zaɓa da daidaiku masu nauyin 30-50 g, 50-80 g kuma sama da 80-100 g .. An dasa kayan da aka tsara kowane daban, ba shakka, bayan an riga an dasa shuki. Wannan dabarar tana samar da seedlingsanyun shuki masu daidaitacce kuma yana saukaka amfanin gona.
Ana shirya dankalin turawa, dankali
Lokacin kaka
Tare da shiri mai zaman kanta na kayan dasa, ana shuka tubers nan da nan bayan girbi. Dankali ake shimfiɗa ta a cikin inuwa mai haske tsawon kwanaki 10-12. A cikin tubers, siffofin solanine, wanda ke ba da dankalin turawa a launi mai launin kore. Solanine yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen adana tubers kuma lokacin da aka shuka, ba su fuskantar kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙananan kwari ba sa lalata su.
Dankali dankalin turawa, tubers
A cikin bazara, ana dasa kayan dasa abubuwa zuwa hasken wutar lantarki a cikin hasken matsakaici. Yin sarrafa tubers kafin dasa shuki yana haɓaka ci gaban sprouts da rukunin filaye a cikin dankali, gajarta yanayin girma gaba ɗaya, yana kuma ƙara juriya da amfanin gona zuwa bala'in yanayi (alal misali, farkon farkon sanyi a yankuna mai sanyi).
Vernalization na yau da kullun (germination a cikin haske) yana ɗaukar kwanaki 20-30. Kwanakun 8-10 na farko, an nuna dankali zuwa haske a zazzabi na + 16 ... + 18 * C. Sannan zazzabi ya zama sannu a hankali zuwa + 4 ... + 6 * C (sati daya kafin disembarkation). Graduarin rage yawan zafin jiki a hankali yana taimaka wa taurarin. Idan samun nasara a cikin kwanciya a cikin ɗakunan bushe, ana yaɗa filayen ta ruwa da kyau kuma a juye su.
Hanyar gudanar da hasken dare ya dogara da adadin kayan shuka. Ana sanya ƙaramin adadin a kan gado akan taga sills, a cikin kwantena filastik, a cikin ƙarami (kamar innabi) kwalaye. Babban dankali da ido ya kasu kashi da yawa kuma hardening a cikin satin da ya gabata yana gudana a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren firiji.
Tare da adadi mai yawa, tubers (musamman ma dankali na farko) ana keɓe su akan shelf, gado mai laushi, a cikin kwanduna, akwatuna tare da gwana ƙasa. Kowane jere na dankali an rufe shi da Layer na 2-3 cm peat ko sawdust. A cikin kwantena mai zurfi, an sanya dankali don germination a cikin yadudduka 4-5. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin dakin ya kamata yayi sanyi tsakanin + 13 ... + 15 * C na kimanin kwanaki 7-10. A hankali, zazzage saukar da zafin jiki, kuma bayan kwanaki 14-16 ana dasa shukar.
Vernalization a cikin duhu
Kuna iya ba da wata hanya don hanzarta girbin - dasa tubers tare da tushen akan sprouts. Kudin shiga yana kara yawan ci gaban kwastomomi da yawan adadin tubers a kansu. Ya bambanta da irin nau'in rarrabuwa na baya wanda ke nuna cewa tsirowar utsan itace da asalin sa akan tsiro yakan faru a cikin duhu ba tare da samun haske ba. Tankuna tare da kayan dasawa an rufe su da fim ɗin opaque. Kwantena masu kwantena tare da tubers ana ɗaukarsu lokaci-lokaci tare da hanyoyin samar da abinci na ƙananan taro, yana hana bushewarsu. Ana kafa tushe a kan harbe a cikin kwanaki 8-10, kuma lokacin da tsawonsu ya kai 1.5-2.0 cm, ana dasa shukoki a cikin dindindin a cikin bude ko ƙasa.
Sprouting dankali kafin dasaKariya na dankalin turawa, tubers
Shuka dasa tsiro fara lalacewa ta hanyar kwari a cikin ƙasa kusan nan da nan bayan dasa (wireworm, bear, Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro). Kwararru na kamfanin Technoexport sun gabatar da tsarin da aka sauya daga maganin kashe kwari - "Kwamandan +", wanda aka tsara musamman don kula da ganyen. Ana samun babban sakamako yayin lura da preplant na sprouted tubers. Magungunan "Kwamandan +" hadaddun abubuwa ne guda 2 masu aiki: maganin kashe kwari "Kwamandan" da mai haɓaka mai haɓaka "Energen Aqua". Kwamandan ya hada da imidacloprid daga rukunin mahaukatan nicotine, wadanda suke da matukar tasiri ta bangaren tsaron kasa ta hanyar rigakafin kwari kuma a lokaci guda basu rasa maganin cutar phytotoxicity. Imidacloprid (guba na kwayoyin) yana shafar tsarin juyayi na kwaro. A takaice lokacin zai yiwu, suna mutuwa ne daga matsanancin ciwo. Ya kamata a lura cewa hanyar aiwatar da guba a cikin kwari lokacin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba jaraba bane. Kwamandan + an fito dashi cikin tandem tare da haɓakar mai sa ci gaba Energen Aqua. Karshen yana nufin abubuwan motsa jiki. Ya ƙunshi sinadarin potassium na humic acid, an wadatar shi da abubuwa masu alama a cikin nau'in chelated, mafi yawanci ga tsire-tsire. Energen Aqua yana haɓaka kyakkyawan haɓaka al'adu kuma, idan aka yi amfani da shi tare, zai rage damuwar tsire-tsire masu tasowa daga tsire-tsire masu tasowa.
Kariya na sirri yayin aiki tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi
An sanya kwaroron a aji na uku na haɗari ga mutane (a ɗan lahani cikin ɗan adam), amintaccen ga dabbobi da ƙudan zuma. Saboda haka, lokacin aiki tare da Kwamandan miyagun ƙwayoyi +, matakan kariya na mutum wajibi ne:
- aiki tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi (shiri na mafita, aiki na tubers, da dai sauransu) ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance a cikin rufaffiyar sutura, mashin din likita, mayafi, tabarau, safofin hannu da takalma;
- yayin aiki tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba ku iya ci, sha, shan taba;
- bayan kun gama aiki, canza tufafi, wanke bakinku, shawa ko kuma ku wanke da sabulu duk wuraren buɗe jiki.
Don shirya maganin aiki na maganin, yi amfani da jita-jita daban. Shirya mafita nan da nan kafin amfani. Zuba sauran maganin a cikin kwano na musamman da kuma lalata shi a cikin ingantaccen wuri ba tare da amfani da tafki ko yankin da za a bi ba.
M kaddarorin Kwamandan magunguna +
- Ba ya shiga cikin amfanin gona da aka kafa.
- Tattalin arziki don amfani, mai araha.
- Ya lalata nau'ikan kwari ƙasa (Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, bear).
- Ba ya samar da jaraba ga miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin kwari.
- Yin sarrafa tumatir kafin dasa shuki tare da Kwamandan + yana taimakawa wajen samar da amfanin gona dankalin turawa a baya.
- Kariya na tubers masu kulawa yayin jiyya tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya wuce kwanaki 50.
- Yana haɓaka rigakafin tsire-tsire, wanda ba kawai damar tsayayya da kwari ba, har ma yana kare wasu cututtuka.
- Kwakwalwar gyada na acid na humic da abubuwan gano abubuwa yadda yakamata suyi tsirarwar tubers kuma a lokaci guda suna hana tara sinadarin nitrates a cikinsu.
Idan ya cancanta (yawanci a kan kasa mai rauni), noman bazara na bazara tare da magani tare da Comandor + ana haɗuwa da magani tare da maganin takin ƙasa na Agricola don dankali, Vegola na ganye ko Kristin mai ruwa-ruwa ,allin, Effekton da sauransu.
Magungunan "Kwamandan +"Shiri na maganin maganin
Da farko, an ƙara 25 ml na Energen Aqua zuwa 1 lita na tsarkakakken ruwa kuma sakamakon da aka samo shi an cakuda shi sosai. Sa'an nan, 25 ml na Kwamandan shiri yana kara zuwa cakuda sakamakon. Sake hade da zuba magudanar aiki a cikin mai girka.
Siffar da aka gyara ta Kwamandan + shiri hade da Energen Aqua tattalin arziƙi ne don amfani. Packageaya daga cikin kunshin ya isa ya sarrafa 100 kilogiram na kayan dasa, wanda aka tsara don sassan ɗari ɗari na kayan lambu. Ana aiwatar da maganin tubers ta hanyar fesawa awanni 3-4 kafin dasa shuki a cikin yankin da aka tsara. Tubers suna warwatse akan zuriyar dabbobi kuma, kullun suna juyawa, aka fesa daga dukkan bangarorin. Germinated tubers an dage farawa a jere a kan fim, sarrafa da hagu har zuwa shirye gaba daya ta bushe.
Tsarin shirin magani "Kwamandan +" da sarrafa dankali kafin dasa shukiInformationarin bayani game da shirye-shiryen Komandor + waɗanda aka bayar anan da sauran magunguna waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga samun ingantaccen amfanin gona a baya wanda aka ƙaddara ta iri iri za a iya samu a shafin yanar gizon Technoexport.
