Aconite - Gwanin dafi ne mai yawan alheri

A cewar labarin arya na zamanin da na Girka, aconite ya tsiro daga tsiro mai dafi daga Cerberus mai kisa, wanda Hercules ya kawo daga duniya zuwa duniya (giwa ta sha ɗaya ta Hercules). Sunan "gwagwarmayar" shuka shine saboda mythology na Scandinavian: mai fajircin ya girma a wurin da allahn Thor ya mutu, wanda ya ci macijin mai dafi kuma ya mutu sakamakon cizon sa. Abubuwan da ke da guba na aconite an riga an san su a zamanin da: Girkawa da Sinawa sun yi guba don kibau daga ciki, a cikin Nepal sun lalata guba don manyan mafarauta da ruwan sha lokacin abokan gaba.

Napellus mai faɗaɗa, ko na Aellite napellus cultivar “Newry Blue” (Aconitum napellus 'Newry Blue'). Ass basswulf

Hankali! Dankin gaba ɗaya, daga tushe zuwa pollen, mai guba ne sosai.

Plutarch ya rubuta cewa jaruman aconite masu guba na Mark Anthony sun manta da tunaninsu, kuma sun yi amai da juna. Dangane da labari, daga shaci-fadi ne cewa shahararren Khan Timur ya mutu - kwanyar tasa cike da ruwan guba. Mai guba na shuka shine ya haifar da abun ciki na alkaloids a ciki (da farko aconitine), wanda ke shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya kuma yana haifar da kumburi da kumburin cibiyar numfashi.

Yawan guba na aconite ya dogara da yanki na ƙasa (ƙasa, sauyin yanayi), a kan shekarun tsirrai - a kudancin latitude yana da guba, kuma a Norway, alal misali, suna ciyar da dabbobi. Nuna a cikin al'ada, a kan ƙasa mai kyau gona, aconite hasarar da mai guba Properties bayan ƙarni da yawa.

Amfani da magani na wannan tsiro ya bambanta sosai; a cikin Tibet ana kiransa "sarki na magani", an kula da shi tare da anthrax, ciwon huhu; A cikin maganin gargajiya na kasar Rasha, an yi amfani da wrestler azaman painkiller na waje. Har zuwa yau, an jera wasu nau'ikan aconite a cikin Littafin Rubutu.

Aconite, ko Kokawa (Aconitum) - tsarin kwayar herbaceous guba shuke-shuke cikin iyali Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae).

Aconita daji. Houses Glenlea Greenhouse

Bayanin aconite

Harshen halittar yana da fiye da nau'ikan 300, wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Perennial rhizome ko tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da kafa, m sau da yawa - winding ko winding mai tushe 50-150 cm tsayi (don masu hawa zuwa 400 cm). Rhizomes-obate-ovate zuwa 5 cm tsayi kuma 2 cm fadi. Zurfin shigarwar Tushen a cikin ƙasa ya zama cm 5-30. Ganyen yana da siffar dabino, an watsa shi ko kore, duhu kore, ana shirya shi a tsari na gaba.

Furanni marasa daidaituwa a fure sune shuɗi, violet, mafi yawanci fari, rawaya ko mottled. Coylax mai dauke da sikeli ya kunshi sepals guda biyar, babba yana da kamannin kwalkwali, a karkashin shi akwai wasu karafa guda biyu wadanda suka juye da kananzir. Ana tattara furanni cikin ruwan sanyi mai sauƙi ko kuma takalmi mai tsayi har zuwa 50 cm tsayi. Bloom daga Yuli zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. 'Ya'yan itace - ganye mai yalwar iri-iri, tare da hakora madaidaiciya ko hakora. Tsaba karami ne, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa da baki, a cikin 1 g zuwa guda 450, riƙe tsiro zuwa shekaru 1-1.5.

Mafi mashahuri adon bakin ciki aconiteShi mai shuɗi ne. Wani nau'in hadaddun halaye masu rikitarwa, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin Turai, wanda wasu lokuta ake rarrabe zuwa kananan jinsunan gida. Misali, aconite mai wuya da low aconite an bambanta su a cikin Carpathians, kuma aconite mai yawa a cikin Alps.

Bambancin wannan nau'in, yana ba ka damar zaɓi daga siffofin da yawa, sun ba da gudummawa ga rarrabuwa a cikin gidajen lambuna, amma kuma ya haifar da mummunan rikicewa a cikin sunayen. Sauran nau'ikan jinsin, waɗanda kuma aka gabatar dasu cikin al'ada, basu ƙara haske ba. Yana da a panite aconite - Kiristocin Kudancin Turai, tare da kara mai tushe. Furanni akan tsinkayen tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle suna ƙirƙirar goge mai kwance, tsaba tare da reshe 1. Aconite variegated - kamar dai tsakani ne a tsakanin su, yana haɗa alamun biyun. Yana haɗuwa da su a wurare guda, musamman, a cikin Carpathians. Kuma a karshe aconite kammarum sau biyu Shterka, ko kuma m - wani samfurin motley da shuɗi, komai yana da rikitarwa. Ya haɗu da halayen iyayen biyu, amma yana da ƙarin ban sha'awa, sau da yawa launi iri biyu na fure. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa ya daɗe da tabbaci a cikin lambunanmu, yana magana da nau'i daban-daban: “Bicolor” ('Bicolor') - karfi da branched, tare da gajeren inflorescences farin furanni tare da kan iyaka iyakar. Kanyayatul Kardi ('Kundin tarihi') tare da dogayen fararen furanni masu launin furanni,' 'Sensation na Sanyi' '('Haske mai ruwan hoda)) ruwan hoda.

Wrestler, ko Aconit Lamarck (Aconitum lamarckii). Carl Lewis

Aconite namo

Yawancin jinsunan Aconite suna hunturu-Hardy. A lokacin da sanyawa a cikin wani lambu wajibi ne a yi la'akari da hakan Antorra mai kwantar da hankali (Aconitum anthora) da Karmichel Aconite (Aconitum carmichaelii) bukatar a dasa shi a cikin tsawan wuraren rana. Ragowar suna cikin sauƙin sulhu da ruwa.

Aconites sun jure da dasa ruwa sosai. Zai dace don yin shi a cikin bazara ko kaka, lokacin da mai tushe ba su girma ba ko kuma an riga an yanke. Girman ramin saitin ya kamata ya zama irin wannan cewa rhizome ya yi daidai da ita a ciki. Kafin dasa shuki, ramin yana cike da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai (15-20 g a kowane rami na dasa). Tushen tushe yana zurfafa ta 1-2 cm.

Aconite abu ne mai sauqi ga yaduwar ciyawa ta hanyar rarraba rhizomes: a cikin bazara ko damina, daji yana cikin sauƙin rarrabuwa. Nisan ƙasa ya kamata ya zama akalla 25-30 cm.

Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa ta hanyar tsaba. Amma a cikin Aconites, tayin ba shi da cikakkiyar girma, don haka tsaba zasu iya yin tsiro kawai bayan shekara guda, lokacin da suka girma. Yana yiwuwa a cimma saurin shuka iri ta hanyar amfani da shirin shuka-shuka, musamman, daidaitawa. Lingsalingsan itace a cikin shekaru suna girma. Ba a kiyaye dabi'un 'yan kumburi yayin yaduwar iri.

Kulawar Aconite

Kulawar Aconite ya saba: loosening, kayan miya, weeding, cire busassun inflorescences, a lokutan bushe - shayarwa.

Shuke-shuke sukan shafi mildew powdery.

Hemsley Wrestler, ko Aconitum Hemsleyanum. © beartomcat

Dasa tsaba

Aconite propagates ta tsaba, yan itace, rarraba daji ko 'yar tubers. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin fall na shekara ta tarin a cikin ɗan ƙaramin inuwa kewaye da ƙasa mai laima. Harbe suna bayyana a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa. Tare da shuka shuka, iri sun girma bayan shekara guda kuma an rage girman su sosai.

An bada shawarar ɗayan matakan biyu: a cikin zafi a 20 ... 25 ° C na kimanin wata daya kuma a cikin sanyi a 2 ... 4 ° C har tsawon watanni uku, bayan wannan tsaba suna haɓaka tare a zazzabi a ɗakin. A mataki na ganye ɗaya ko biyu, conan itacen aconite suna nutsewa a nesa na 10 cm, kuma a cikin kaka ana dasa su a wuri gwargwadon tsarin 25 x 30. plantsananan matasa suna girma a cikin shekaru 2-3. Ba a kiyaye dabi'un 'yan kumburi yayin yaduwar iri.

Yaduwa da aconite

An rarraba nau'in Rhizome na aconite kuma an dasa su a cikin bazara, nau'ikan tushen-tuber a cikin fall, a farkon rabin Satumba. Nisa lokacin dasawa ya kamata ya zama akalla 25-30 cm, kamar yadda bushes ke girma cikin hanzari. Don haɓaka furanni, dole ne a raba su kowace shekara huɗu kuma a watsa su zuwa sabon wuri. Don grafting, ana amfani da ƙananan ciyawar ciyawa 10-12 cm babba, wanda ke haɓaka a farkon farkon bazara daga ƙwayayen overwintered. Manyan harbe ba sa yin tushe saboda katako.

Kokawa kokawa, ko Aconitum curly (Aconitum volubile). Rus Ben Rushbrooke

Yin amfani da aconite a cikin zane na lambu

Ana amfani da wrestler a cikin ɗayan ƙananan da ƙananan filayen rukunin, masu haɗawa. Ra'ayoyin hawa masu ban mamaki ne a cikin daidaitattun wurare na karkatar ruwa da tsibiri. Aconite inflorescences za'a iya amfani dashi don bouquets. Yankan ana yin sa yayin da kashi ɗaya cikin uku na fure suka yi fure. Amfani da magani. Wasu jinsunan an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.

Kodayake aconites suna ado a duk tsawon lokacin godiya ga kyawawan ganye da kyawawan ganye, fure yana kara musu kwalliya. Wanda ya fara yin fureaconite high (Aconitum septentrionale) - riga a ƙarshen Mayu an bayyana furanninta. Wrest-resistant wrestler (Aconitum lasiostomum), sannan Farkon kokawa (Aconitum leucostomum) tara batirin a watan Yuni, a cikin Yuli an haɗa su aconites itacen oak (Restan kokawa shine maganin hana haifuwaAconitum anthora)), panicle (Koyarwar lambu (Aconitum cammarum)), wasu nau'ikan kammarum, kuma sun riga sun yi fure a watan Agusta Fisher aconite (Aconitum fischeri), nau'in hawan hawa da yawa daga cikin rukunin dankalin turawa dankalin turawashudi ce (Aconitum napellus) Fure na Aconite yana da tsawo, yawanci yakan shimfida tsawon wata daya ko ya fi tsayi.

Kokawa ko Aconite farar fata ne, ko fararen fata, ko kuma farin gilashi (Aconitum leucostomum). W Jan Wolf

Wrest-resistant wrestler (Aconitum lasiostomum). Um Laumas Strazdinas

Wrestler ko Aconit Fischer (Aconitum fischeri). It Caitlin W.

Iri da nau'in aconite

Gwarran dankalin Turawa, ko Napellus na Aconite shi ne Mai ruwan Aconite (Aconitum napellus) asalinsa daga Eurasia. (Af, ana kiran hular ruhuna "hood", daga nan sunan hood). Shi ne wanda aka fi samunsa a gidajen lambun Rasha. Manyan bushes (har zuwa 2 m high) tare da lilac mai duhu, wani lokacin kusan furanni baƙar fata ba kawai kyawawan yanayi ne, amma kuma basa buƙatar garter - mai tushe mai ƙarfi da karko. Lokacin da tsakiyar ɓangaren harba ya ɓoye, madogaran suyi fure, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake ci gaba da fure na kusan wata guda. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar wannan nau'in.

Karamin karon kwakwazo (Aconitum napellus subsp. nanum) Har zuwa 1 m tsayi. Furannin suna da launin toka-lilac ko kuma fararen fata. Yana blooms a farkon rabin Yuli.
Aconite napelliform nau'i na lobelike (Aconitum napellus subsp. lobelii) Tsayi 1.2-1.5 m. Furanni a cikin inflorescences mai yawa shudi ne ko shuɗi-shudi. Kuma nau'i na Glechreise (Glecherries) - nau'i tare da fararen furanni. Suna Bloom a farkon Yuli.
Aconite pyramidal hood siffar (Aconitum napellus subs. paniculatum) Tsayin tsayi 1-1.5 m Furanni masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi, manya-manyan. Wannan ƙananan tallafin shine tushen kyawawan iri. Furanni 'Newry Blue' aquamarine. Yana fure daga Yuli zuwa Agusta.
Aconite napellus nau'i na tavric (Aconitum napellus subsp. tauricum) Tsarin dwarf kimanin santimita 60. Asalin daga kusancin Salzburg da Tyrol.

Napellus mai faɗa, ko na cikin ruwan Aconite (napellus na Aconitum). ET PETER GREENWOOD

Iri daban-daban na ruwan Aconite:

'Scepter mai launin shuɗi' tare da furen-shuɗi-shuɗi furanni da fararen cibiyar, waɗanda aka taru a lokacin farin ciki,
'Bressingham Spire' (tsayi 90 cm) - tare da violet-shuɗi.

Aconite biyu-sautin (Gidan kwandon kwandon shara) a wasu kafofin suna nuni zuwa ragin napellus na aconite, duk da haka, mafi yawancin lokuta ana ware shi ta wani nau'in daban. Su masu matukar kamanninsu ne, amma aconite yana da launi iri biyu na furanni fari fari tare da faffad farar-shuɗi.

Wrestler ko Aconite bicolor (Aconitum bicolor).

Wrestler, ko Aconite variegated (Aconitum variegatum) daga wasan kwaikwayon Tsakiyar Turai. Ya fi son daji yi farin ciki overgrown da ganye. Gashi mai tushe ya kai 2 m, ganye suna disse disse, furanni sun girma, shudi, farar fata tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko farar fata tsarkakakke. Lokacin ruwa - ƙarshen Yuli - Satumba. Yanda aconite shima yake da siffofin halitta:

Aconite variegated m nau'i (Aconitum variegatum subsp. waina), kyakkyawa mai sauƙi da sauƙi girma, tsayi har zuwa 1 m;
Aconite variegated nau'i na Judenberg (Aconitum variegatum subsp. alkalkashinni) tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, amma ba tabbataccen mai tushe mai tsayi fiye da 2 m.

Fighter na gona, ko lambun aconite (Aconitum cammarum) - wani tsiro mai yaduwa da aka samu ta hanyar tsallake ruwa naconell naconellus, aconite mai launi biyu da kuma aconite mai ƙwaya. Haɗu sosai da su, amma mai tushe suna da bakin ciki (suna buƙatar garter mai haske), ana yanke ganyayyaki cikin lobes, kuma furanni suna da kwalkwali mai rufi. Akwai undersized iri tare da m inflorescences, ba sa bukatar wani garter. Mafi kyawun wurin don aconite x saber shine shadda mai duhu ko rana, amma ana kiyaye shi daga haskoki kai tsaye lokacin zafi. Iri daban-daban na lambun aconite:

'Rubellum'- furanni masu launin shuɗi mai ruwan hoda;
'Eleonora'- furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara mai launin dusar ƙanƙara tare da kunkuntar launin shudi;
'Nachthimmel'- tare da manyan manyan furanni masu ruwan shuɗi;
'Marz"da"Ganyen Karo'- tare da furanni shuɗi.

Baya ga waɗannan, mafi mashahuri kuma mafi sauƙi ga girma aconites, akwai wasu da yawa da ba a sani ba, amma nau'ikan inganci.

Dan gwagwarmayar Arewa, ko Babban kokawa, ko Talakawa kokawa (Aconitum septentrionale) Asali daga Sweden. Yi kama da wolf aconite. Ya bambanta da ita kawai a launi na furanni: sun kasance datti-lilac. Yawancin 'Ivorine' tare da farin furanni ya shahara. Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in fure, farkon fure yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuni.

Wolf aconite (Aconitum lycoctonum) Asalinsu daga Turai, yayi girma a cikin damp, dogayen ciyayi mai tsafe-tsafe, a bakin bankunan koguna. Tsawon mai tushe ya kasance daga 60 cm zuwa m 2. Furancin furanni ne mai launin shunayya-launin shuɗi, kuma girman kwalkwali kusan sau biyu ne girman furen.

Idowararren Antisste, ko Aconite Antora (Aconitum anthora) Ganin dutse, tsayi kawai 30-40 cm, mahaifar ƙasa - Alps, Pyrenees, Caucasus. Madaidaiciya mai tushe suna lashe tare da manyan fure-rawaya furanni. Yana ƙaunar tsaka tsaki da ƙima na ƙasa. A kan m, ya girma zuwa 60-90 cm. Yana fure a tsakiyar Yuli.

Wan kokawa shine maganin hanawa, ko Aconitum Antora. L Carl Lewis

Karmichel Wrestler, ko Karmichel Aconite (Aconitum carmichaelii) Asalinsu daga gabas ta gabas kuma daga China. Kyakkyawan ra'ayi da tsayi lokacin farin ciki (har zuwa 2 m) mai tushe da manyan furanni. Yana blooms marigayi, a ƙarshen watan Agusta - Satumba, kuma kawai a cikin wani wuri m bude. Furanni masu shuɗi. Akwai biyan kuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi - aconite Karmichel wani nau'i ne na Wilson.

Wrestler ko Aconitum Karmichel (Aconitum carmichaelii). Rick Patrick

Kyakkyawa sosai Mai fama da Kokawa, ko Kudin Aconite (Aconitum volubile) tare da mai tushe mai sassauƙa (fiye da 2 m) an rufe shi akan tallafi. Garin haihuwarsa Koriya ne, Siberiya. Kyakkyawan ganye da aka sassaka, furanni masu launin shuɗi mai duhu a cikin tassels mai rataye daga kayan talla, suna kama da ƙaramin siliki na Sinawa. Akwai nau'i kuma tare da fararen furanni. Wannan nau'in yana buƙatar inuwa mai fuska.