Kabeji fari shine ɗayan kayan lambu da aka fi so daga mutanen Rasha. Yawancin jita-jita na kasa ba zasu iya yi ba tare da shi ba, saboda haka yana da wahala a iya tunanin kowane irin lambu ba tare da wannan kayan lambu mai ƙoshin lafiya ba. Mutane suna kiranta uwargidan lambun. Ba wai kawai yana da kyakkyawan dandano ba, amma har ma yana da kyan kayan kwantar da hankali. Abin baƙin ciki, saboda takamaiman yanayin tsakiyar rariya, ba a dasa kabeji nan da nan a buɗe ba. Don girbi a lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar shuka seedlings. Kusan dukkanin nau'in kabeji suna girma ta hanyar shuka
Irin kabeji na farko bazai iya alfahari da girbin arziki ba. Gashin kai, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da ƙaramin nauyin kilogram 1.5. Ana amfani da kabeji na tsakiyar lokacin salati da borsch a lokacin rani. Hakanan ya dace da salting. Daga baya ana amfani da irin wannan al'ada don girbi don hunturu.
Tsaba na seedlings na tsakiyar-ripening da marigayi-cikakke kabeji ana shuka su ne a watan Afrilu ko Mayu, nan da nan a cikin kora ko a cikin greenhouse. Tare da farkon kabeji kadan wuya. Lingsalingsan itace na wannan nau'in kabeji suna girma a kan windowsill, suna shirya cakuda ƙasa nasu, ruwa da kuma taurara tsaba. Za'ayi shuka ne a cikin Maris.
Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na kabeji, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙa'idodin girma seedlings, don kada a gyara kuskuren da aka yi daga baya. Kalmar shuka tsaba ya dogara da yankin da ake shuka amfanin gona.
Shiri kasar gona don shuka
Ainihin zaɓi na yumɓin ƙasa na shuka shuka shine ɗayan manyan yanayi don samun amfanin gona mai kyau. Kabeji yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal da yawa. Mafi yawan lokuta “kafafu kafa” sukan buge ta, sabili da haka, ya kamata a dauki matakan kariya cikin lokaci don kada a kula da ƙwayar cutar. Zai fi kyau don fara shirya cakuda ƙasa a cikin fall.
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don shirya ɗamarar earthen for seedlings kabeji. Mafi dacewa da shi ƙasa ne daga daidaitattun sassan sod da ƙasa humus. Duk kayan abinci don shirya cakuda ƙasa dole ne sabo. Tsohon ƙasar na iya kamuwa da cuta.
Kabeji ya dace da ƙasa mai gina jiki a duniya. Babban abu shine ya kasance mai sako-sako da kuma m. Don shirya shi, ɗauki sassa biyu na fiber na kwakwa da ɓangare na biohumus (humus ma ya dace). Gardenasa mai lambun don shuka tsiroran kabeji bai dace ba. Domin tsire-tsire kabeji ba ya ji rauni ba, dole ne a yi matakai da yawa. Yana da kyawawa don daskare earthy substrate. Maganin potassium na dindindin shima zai taimaka wajen lalata kasar gona. Ash zai zama maganin antiseptik mai kyau kuma tushen tushen macro- da microelements. 1 cokali na ash ya kamata a ƙara 1 kg na gama ƙasan earthen. Ash ba zai ba da izinin kafa baƙar fata ya bayyana a kan seedlings kabeji.
Yadda za a shirya tsaba yadda ya kamata
A matsayinka na mai mulki, an riga an horar da tsaba da aka saya a cikin shagon. Ana iya ganin wannan ta hanyar karanta rubutattun abubuwa a kan kunshin. Tare da tsaba a fentin launuka masu haske, babu abin da ake buƙatar aiwatarwa. Idan tsaba suna kama da na halitta, kuma a kan kunshin an rubuta cewa sun riga sun sami horo na musamman, za su buƙaci a dumama su ta hanyar saukar da su cikin ruwan zafi. Riƙe su cikin irin wannan ruwa na mintina 20. Bayan haka, an sanya shi cikin ruwan sanyi na mintuna 5 kuma an bushe. Idan ka zabi irin tsaba da kai kanka ka tara na shuka kabeji, ba zai ishe su su yi zafi shi kadai ba. Dole ne a daidaita su, kasancewar sun tsaya na tsawon awanni 8-18 a cikin maganin Fitosporin-M. Kuma hanya ta ƙarshe kafin shuka shine tsufa na tsaba a cikin bayani mai gina jiki kwanaki 2 kafin dasa.
Shuka kabeji tsaba na shuka
Don girma seedlings na kabeji, a matsayin mai mulkin, yi amfani da kwalaye. Idan kuna shirin nutse tsaba, ƙananan kofuna waɗanda zasu yi. Hakanan zaka iya ɗaukar kwantena mafi girma, wanda ke da zurfin 7 cm cm 7. Duk wani akwati inda za'a shuka tsiran kabeji dole ne ya kasance yana da ramuka na magudanar ruwa. Idan basu cikin gilashin da aka siya, kuna buƙatar sanya su da kanku. Kwantena da aka shirya suna cika 3/4 tare da ƙasa, sannan an zubar da su saboda kabeji ya fita da kyau a cikin yanayi mai laima. Zai fi kyau a sanya tsaba biyu a cikin akwati ɗaya. Bayan germination, da karfi da aka zaba daga gare su.
Lokacin girma seedlings a cikin akwati, wajibi ne don yin tsagi tare da zurfin of cm cm 1. Ya kamata a sami nisa tsakanin 3 cm tsakanin furrows Ana shuka tsaba a kowane 1.5 cm, sannan kuma yayyafa tare da ƙaramin adadin ƙasa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine digiri 18-20. Bugu da kari, yin shuka seedlings ba lallai ba ne idan kasar ta dafe da kyau kafin shuka. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya ganin harbe-harbe na farko bayan kwanaki 5. Bayan wannan, ana iya sanya kwantena tare da tsire-tsire a kan windowsill mai sanyi, rike da yawan zafin jiki tsakanin digiri 7-9. Idan wannan ba zazzabi zai zama mafi girma ba, ƙwayoyin za su shimfiɗa sosai. A hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa digiri 18.
Ruwa da Kabeji Seedlings
Ba kowane lambu ba da lokacin kyauta don nutsar da kabeji seedlings. Idan babu yuwuwar da lokacin kyauta don aikin, kuna buƙatar bin shawarwarin masu zuwa:
- Dole ne shuka ya kasance da wani yanki na abinci mai gina jiki. A saboda wannan, kwantena don shuka shuki na farko sun cika da matattatun earthen by 2/3. Yayin da yake girma, ana zubar da ƙasa kwance a cikin tanki. Wannan yana taimakawa ci gaban tushen asalinsa.
- Kar ku manta game da magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na buƙatar ciyarwa ta yau da kullun, saboda babu ƙarancin abubuwan gina jiki da ke zuwa daga ƙasa.
Shawarwarin waɗanda za su nutse seedlings:
- Yakamata a fara diran makonni biyu bayan fitowar.
- Lokacin da aka sake dasa shuki, ana binne su zuwa wani zurfin saboda ganyen cotyledon ya taɓa ƙasa.
- Bayan sun maye gurbin seedlings, ya kamata a yayyafa su da yashi na bakin ciki don guje wa kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙafa na baƙar fata.
- Mafi kyawun zafin jiki bayan nutsewa shine digiri 17-18. Bayan kwana 2, an saukar da shi. A cikin dare wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki - digiri na 10-12, a lokacin rana - digiri 13-14.
- Ka tuna cewa bayan nutse ruwa na farko da makonni biyu kabeji seedlings girma sosai a hankali.
Kula kabeji seedling: watering, kai miya, hardening
Watse
Kabeji tsire-tsire ne mai girma. Duk da gaskiyar cewa tana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, bai kamata ka cika shi da ruwa ba. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire na kabeji bayan da ta bushe saman. Da zarar kowane kwanaki 7-10 zai isa. Yawan ruwa mai yawa yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtukan fungal wanda zai lalata dukkanin seedlings. Bayan watering da seedlings, kar ka manta da su bar iska ta shiga dakin.
Daga adadin danshi mai wuce kima, shuka ba kawai zai shimfiɗa ba, har ma da samun ƙafa kafa. Idan akwai kamuwa da cuta, farjin yakan zama na ciki, sai ya canza launi ya faɗi. Lokacin da baƙar fata ta faɗo mai tushe ta bayyana a cikin ƙwayoyin, nan da nan za a tsage su kuma a watsar da su. An dasa shuki masu lafiya zuwa cikin sabuwar ƙasa.
Manyan miya
Idan an shirya ƙasa daidai, takin gargajiya baya buƙatar amfani dashi. Idan a waje da lookan seedlings ba su da kulawa, yana da daraja la'akari da ciyar. Ana ciyar da seedlings sau 3, kowane lokaci da takin mai magani daban-daban.
A lokacin ciyarwa ta farko a cikin ruwa guda na ruwa, 4 grams na superphosphate da 2 grams na ammonium nitrate da potassium sulfate ana bred. Ana yin sa idan an nutse bayan kwanaki 7-10.
A lokacin ado na biyu na sama, ana amfani da kashi na abubuwan da ke sama da sau 2. Suna fara shi bayan makonni biyu.
Ana yin riguna na ƙarshe na ƙarshe na kwanaki 2-3 kafin a dasa shuki a cikin fili. Wannan ya haɗa da nitonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, superphosphate (5, 8 da 3 grams).
Wadanda suka fi son haɓaka samfuran halitta ba tare da sunadarai ba ya kamata su ciyar da seedlings tare da takin gargajiya.
Seedling hardening
Godiya ga taurara, seedlingsan itacen za su sami tsarin tushen iko, seedlings za su kasance da sauƙi su ɗauki tushe lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka, kafin dasa shuki seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe, sun fara taurara shi. Na farko, a cikin dakin da ake dasa shuki, ana buɗe windo da yawa awanni. Sannan kwantena tare da seedlings tsawon awanni 2 ana kwashe su zuwa baranda. Kuma kafin sauka cikin kasa an barshi a baranda tsawon kwanaki 3-4.
Haske
Kabeji seedlings suna buƙatar tushen haske akai-akai. Idan titin yana da gajimare, ana haskaka shi da fitilun mai kyalli. Amincewa da duk shawarwari, 'ya'yan itacen zasuyi ƙarfi. Seedlingswararruwan lafiya suna da launin koren duhu mai duhu, tushen ci gaba da ganye waɗanda aka kafa 4-7. Idan aka karya dokokin kula da seedling, tana iya yin rashin lafiya. Cutar da kanta ba zata iya wucewa ba, saboda haka ya zama dole don ajiye thean itacen.
Idan leganƙwalwar baƙar fata ta rinjayi ƙwayar kabeji, ƙasa a cikin akwati don girma tsaba an bushe kuma an kwance shi, kuma an yayyafa seedlings da ash. Lokacin da aka kula da tushen tushen ciyawa tare da rhizoplan ko trichodermin. Karka damu cewa wadannan kwayoyi zasu cutar da kabeji. Wadannan kwayoyi suna da tsabtace muhalli. Suna iya saurin magance kwayar cutar. Rizoplan yana taimakawa seedlings damar sha baƙin ƙarfe, saboda haka za su sami babbar kariya ga cutar, ƙafafun baƙar fata. Idan an yiwa kifin gwanayen tsiri a cikin seedlings, ana bi da shi tare da Intavir.
